2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid = Methacrylic acid = MAA
CAS number: 79-41-4
EC number: 201-204-4
Hill Formula: C₄H₆O₂
Chemical formula: CH₂C(CH₃)COOH
Molar Mass: 86.09 g/mol
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is an organic compound.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is a carboxylic acid with an acrid unpleasant odor.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is soluble in warm water and miscible with most organic solvents.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is produced industrially on a large scale as a precursor to its esters, especially methyl methacrylate (MMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid occurs naturally in small amounts in the oil of Roman chamomile.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (MAA) is a polymerizable, unsaturated, monocarboxylic acid functional monomer.
In copolymers, low levels (≤5%) of MAA improve latex stability, adhesive properties, wettability and pigment dispersion, as well as allowing for post-crosslinking reactions.
At higher levels of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, copolymers are used as thickening agents and rheology modifiers, paper coatings, personal care products, oil field chemicals, processing agents and water-soluble polymers.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is a clear, colorless liquid with a molecular weight of 86.06 g/mol, a freeze point of ca. 14 °C, a boiling point of 161 °C, and a viscosity of 1.5.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is used in copolymers to enhance performance in adhesives, caulks, sealants, paint, coatings, varnishes, printing inks, and textile finishes.
Higher levels of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid are used in copolymers for applications such as thickeners, dispersants, wetting agents, and flocculants.
Virtually all acrylic copolymers produced commercially contain one of two key monomers - MAA or GAA.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is most often produced from acetone and HCN in a so called ACH process.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid can also be produced from isobutylene by a two-step oxidation process.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (MAA) is a functional monomer, an unsaturated monocarboxylic acid.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (MAA) reacts as a vinyl compound and as a carboxylic acid.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (MAA) easily undergoes polymerization and addition reactions.
The copolymers of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (MAA) can be prepared with acrylic and methacrylic esters, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, ethylene, and other monomers.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, also known as A-methacrylate or 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as carboxylic acids.
Carboxylic acids are compounds containing a carboxylic acid group with the formula -C(=O)OH.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa).
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid can be synthesized from acrylic acid.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, bisphenol A dimethacrylate, trichagmalin B, and methyl methacrylate.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid can be found in roman camomile, which makes 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of this food product.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, abbreviated MAA, is an organic compound.
This colorless, viscous liquid is a carboxylic acid with an acrid unpleasant odor.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is soluble in warm water and miscible with most organic solvents.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is produced industrially on a large scale as a precursor to its esters, especially methyl methacrylate (MMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).
The methacrylates have numerous uses, most notably in the manufacture of polymers with trade names such as Lucite and Plexiglas.
MAA occurs naturally in small amounts in the oil of Roman chamomile.
Glacial 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (GMAA) is an with the molecular formula C4H6O2, CAS 79-41-4.
GMAA is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature with a pungent, irritating odor.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is soluble in water and most organic solvents.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is a versatile chemical which is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid esters.
Glacial 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid polymerizes readily.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is a carboxylic acid which may be converted by conventional methods to methacrylates.
Production of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
In the most common route, 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is prepared from acetone cyanohydrin, which is converted to methacrylamide sulfate using sulfuric acid.
This derivative in turn is hydrolyzed to 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, or esterified to methyl methacrylate in one step.
In the second route, isobutylene or tert-butanol are oxidized to methacrolein, then 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid.
Methacrolein for this purpose can also be obtained from formaldehyde and ethylene.
Isobutyric acid can also be dehydrogenated to 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid can also be prepared by decarboxylation of itaconic acid, citraconic acid, and mesaconic acid.
Such green precursors are not of commercial value.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is, however, obtained by boiling citra- or meso-brompyrotartaric acids with alkalis.
Purification Methods of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Aqueous 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (90%) is saturated with NaCl (to remove the bulk of the water), then the organic phase is dried with CaCl2 and distilled under vacuum.
Polymerisation inhibitors should be added to the distillate and include 0.25% p-methoxyphenol, 0.1% hydroquinone, or 0.05% N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine.
Incompatibilities of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Vapor may form explosive mixture with air.
A reducing agent; incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Aqueous solution is strongly acidic: incompatible with strong acids; caustics, ammonia, amines, isocyanates, alkylene oxides; epichlorohydrin.
Will polymerize readily from heating above 59F/15C, or due to the presence of light, oxidizers (e.g., peroxides); or in the presence of traces of hydrochloric acid, with fire or explosion hazard.
Attacks metals.
Note: Typically contains 100 ppm of monomethyl ether hydroquinone (150-76-5) as an inhibitor to prevent polymerization
Waste Disposal of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber.
All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.
Physical Description of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, stabilized appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Combustible.
Flash point 170°F.
Melting point 61°F.
May polymerize if contaminated or heated.
If polymerization takes place inside a closed container, the container may violently rupture.
Less dense than water and is soluble in water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Used to make plastics.
Benefits of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Adhesive ability
Hydrophilic
Water solubility
Required rheological properties
Applications areas of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Poly2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (PMAA) and 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (MAA) copolymers are used in pulp and paper, paint and varnish, textile, medicine, in the petrochemical field and oil production as binders, film-forming agents, thickeners, adhesives, drilling reagents, dressing preparations, etc.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (MAA) copolymers are used in the manufacture of ion exchange resins and superabsorbents.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (MAA) is used to synthesize its esters and salts.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is applied in the production of:
Coatings
Pulp & Paper
Paint & Varnishes
Adhesives & Sealants
Leather & Textile
Film-forming agents
Thickeners
Lubricants
Materials used in medicine
Plastics
Oilfield
Drilling agents
Dressing preparations
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is a polymerizable, unsaturated, monocarboxylic acid functional monomer.
KEYWORDS:
79-41-4, 201-204-4, Methacrylic acid, MAA, .alpha.-2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, CHEBI:25219, 1CS02G8656, Propenoic acid 2-methyl, Acide methacrylique, CCRIS 5925
Uses of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Glacial 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid can be used in the production of homopolymers and copolymers.
GMAA allows to decrease the softening temperature of copolymers and reduces hardness.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid provides improved adhesion and flexibility in polymers for paints and adhesives.
GMAA is used in coatings application, ion exchange, flocculants, soil improvers and auxiliary products for the leather and textile industry.
In coatings GMAA offers hardness, flexibility, clarity, color compatibility, toughness, internal plasticization and weatherability.
Arpadis is one of the largest chemical distributor in Europe.
Arpadis is handling the storage, transport, export & import formalities of Gllacial 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid globally.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is used in some nail primers to help acrylic nails adhere to the nail plate.
Used to synthesize organic compounds and as a monomer for plastics.
Monomer for large-volume resins and polymers, organic synthesis.
Many of the polymers are based on esters of the acid, as the methyl, butyl, or isobutyl esters.
The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) asserted that nail primers containing 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid are used to pretreat the nail to help nail extenders adhere.
CPSC stated that concentrations of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid in such primers are >50%.
They indicated that most primers are labeled "for professional use only," but documented that they are readily available to consumers.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is not included as a cosmetic ingredient in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid appears to have been used in nail cosmetics in the past and that use continues.
Industry Uses of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Functional fluids (open systems)
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Pharmaceutical and Medicine manufacturing
Photosensitive chemicals
Viscosity adjustors
Consumer Uses of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Paints and coatings
Storage and Handling of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (MAA) is stored in the manufacturer’s packaging (in stainless steel, glass, aluminum or polyethylene containers) in a dry, cool, ventilated room at a sufficient distance from heat or ignition sources.
Guaranteed shelf life - 12 months.
Joint storage with flammable and combustible substances, substances having oxidizing properties is not allowed.
During transportation, the temperature of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid should be maintained in the range of 15-25°C.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, packed in barrels, is transported in covered wagons, cars that provide storage conditions along the route.
At temperatures above 130°C, transportation of acrylic acid in barrels by open road transport is allowed, provided that the product is protected from exposure to sunlight and precipitation.
The packaging of barrels with 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is carried out on flat pallets.
Means of fastening pallets - steel wire, steel or polymer tape, manufactured according to the normative-technical documentation, approved in the prescribed manner.
Barrels should be filled to 0.9 volumes and sealed.
Bulk 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid in railway tanks is transported in accordance with the rules for the transport of goods operating on this type of transport.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (MAA) poured into tank containers, is transported by rail, road, and sea in accordance with the rules for the transport of goods operating on this type of transport.
Safety of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (MAA) is a combustible substance.
In case of fire emits irritating or toxic fumes (or gases).
At temperatures above 77°C explosive mixtures of vapor with air may form.
Hazard class 8.
MPC 10 mg/m3.
The flash point is 76.6-77.7°C.
The explosive limits is 1.6-8.8% (vol.) in air.
Safe Storage of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Separated from strong oxidants and food and feedstuffs.
Cool.
Keep 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid in the dark.
Keep 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid in a well-ventilated room.
Store 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid only if stabilized.
Storage Conditions of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Prior to working with this chemical you should be trained on 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid proper handling and storage.
Before entering confined space where this chemical may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist.
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from oxidizers (such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chlorates and nitrates).
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid should be stored at temperatures below 15 degrees C.
Sources of ignition such as smoking and open flames are prohibited where 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is handled, used, or stored.
Wherever 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is used, handled, manufactured, or stored, use explosion-proof electrical equipment and fittings.
Separate from oxidizing materials, peroxides, or other initiators.
Store 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid in cool, dry, well-ventilated location.
Keep 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid away from heat.
Temp during storage must be kept low to minimize formation of peroxides and other oxidation products.
Storage temp below 30 °C are recommended for the polyfunctional methacrylates.
The methacrylate monomers should not be stored for longer than one year.
Shorter storage times are recommended for the aminomethacrylates, ie, three months, and the polyfunctional methacrylates, ie, six months.
Many of these cmpd are sensitive to UV light and should, therefore, be stored in the dark.
The methacrylic esters may be stored in mild steel, stainless steel, or aluminum.
Methods of Manufacturing of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Reaction of acetone cyanohydrin and dilute sulfuric acid; oxidation of isobutylene.
The most common approach to 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid synthesis is the hydrolysis of methacrylamide sulfate, obtained from acetone cyanohydrin.
In the manufacture of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, methacrylamide sulfate is reacted with water under conditions similar to those used for formation of the ester.
The reactor effluent separates into two phases.
The upper organic layer is distilled to provide pure 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid.
The lower layer is steam stripped to recover dilute aqueous 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, which is recycled to the hydrolysis reactor.
The waste acid stream is treated as in the manufacture of the ester.
Manufacture of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid by two-stage catalytic oxidation of isobutene or tert-butanol.
Acid-catalyzed carbonylation of propene to isobutyric acid, followed by oxidative dehydrogenation is a route to 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid.
Condensation of formaldehyde with propionic acid to generate 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid.
General Manufacturing Information of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Industry Processing Sectors of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
Paint and coating manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
Plastic material and resin manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade
Analytic Laboratory Methods of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
A paper chromatography method for the separate determination of acrylic & 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acids, toxic substances found in waste waters of acrylate industry was developed.
Sensitivity of the method is 0.3 mg/l, and the relative error is + or - 15%.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid has been applied in the hygienic evaluation of the biological purification of waste waters from chem plant.
Gas chromatographic determination of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid in air.
Air samples were collected on charcoal, then eluted with 5% acetic acid in carbon disulfide, and analyzed with a column packed with chromosorb w containing 10% diethylene glycol polyadipate.
The carrier gas was nitrogen at 5 cu cm/sec and 130 °c column temp.
Separate determination of ethylene glycol and 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid in air by thin-layer chromatography.
Air containing 1 ug/cu m ethylene glycol and 1 ug/cu m 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid was passed through a long glass tube with wetted interior walls.
The absorbed ethylene glycol and 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid were eluted with water and the eluate was evaporated at 80-90 °c to 0.1 ml and diluted with ethanol to 0.5 ml.
Samples containing 1-10 ug ethylene glycol and 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid were then chromatographed on silufol thin-layer plates preconditioned at 105-10 °c for 1 hr.
The best eluent was 4:1 chloroform-ethanol, with potassium periodate and benzidine as developers.
The color intensity of the developed chromatographic spots gave the concn of ethylene glycol and 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid in air.
The electron-impact and methane chem-ionization mass spectra of selected methacrylate and acrylate monomers and 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid commonly used in dental materials are reported and discussed.
The two ionization modes complement each other, and together the mass spectra offer adequate information for identification purposes.
The application of the mass spectral method is demonstrated on resin-based dental materials with identification of the monomer content.
Clinical Laboratory Methods of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Liquid chromatography, liquid scintillation counting, and NMR spectroscopy were used to determine methyl methacrylate and 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid blood levels in vitro.
Gas chromatography for the detection of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid in the blood and urine uses flame-ionization detection.
The stationary phases include glycerol, diglycerol, polyethylene glycols of different molecular weights, and polyethylene glycol adipate.
The minimum level of detection for 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is 0.5 ug/ml.
The accuracy of analysis is 3-5% and the analysis takes 5 minutes.
Polymerization of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Polymerizes easily, esp on heating or in presence of traces of hydrochloric acid.
Hazardous polymerizaton may occur.
Usually contains inhibitors to prevent polymerization.
Polymerizaton may be caused by elevated temperature, oxidizers, peroxides, or sunlight.
Uninhibited monomer vapor may form polymer in vents and other confined spaces.
A drum of the uninhibited 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid which had been stored outside under winter conditions was transferred into a warm room to liquefy the acid.
Later, exothermic polymerization led to bulging of the drum and leakage of the acid vapor.
Reactions of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid was first obtained in the form of its ethyl ester by treating phosphorus pentachloride with oxyisobutyric ester (A synonym for beta-hydroxy-butyric acid or 3-hydroxybutyric acid).
When fused with an alkali, 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid forms propanoic acid.
Sodium amalgam reduces 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid to isobutyric acid.
A polymeric form of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid was described in 1880.
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is readily absorbed through mucous membranes of the lungs and gastrointestinal tract and the skin; and is rapidly distributed to all major tissues.
Deposition of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid vapors in the surgically isolated upper respiratory tract (URT) of anesthetised rats was studied after inhalation of 450 ug/L (133 ppm) using a unidirectional respiratory flow technique (cyclic flow studies were not possible due to vapor absorption on the cyclic flow pump) for 60 min.
Deposition of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid was measured throughout exposure determining the difference in vapor concentration of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid in the inspired and the URT expiring air.
Deposition rates (from 30 to 60 min of exposure) of about 95% were observed under 200 mL/min unidirectional flow conditions.
However, the degree of penetration to underlying cells could not be derived from this experiment.
These results indicate that after inhalation in rats most of the 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid does not reach the lung.
After a single oral administration of the sodium salt of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid to Wistar rats (540 mg/kg bw) 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid was detected in the blood serum by means of HPCL.
The maximum concentration was found after 10 min, whereas after 60 min no more 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid was detectable.
Metabolism/Metabolites of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Methacrylates are metabolized via two basic pathways, hydrolysis and conjugation.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is a physiological substrate of the valine pathway and is metabolized toCO2 by two substrates of the citric acid cycle, methylmalonyl and succinyl- CoA.
Male Wistar rats dosed orally with radiolabelled methyl methacrylate in corn oil revealed that endogenously generated 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (0.08% of the dose) was metabolized using the pathway present in mammalian cells for the metabolism of valine, with CO2 and water as the ultimate metabolites.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is a physiological metabolite of the Valine pathway.
After activation with Acetyl-CoA 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is converted into methyl-malonyl CoA and Succinyl-CoA which enters the citric acid cycle.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is metabolized primarily through B12-dependent pathway of propionate metabolism.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is first converted to the coenzyme-A ester.
This catabolic pathway leads to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and ultimately to CO2.
Methyl methacrylate, the monomer component of poly(methyl methacrylate) cement used in orthopedic surgery, underwent hydrolysis, to 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid during hip replacement operations.
Circulating levels of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid were comparable to those of methyl methacrylate, the concentrations being 0-15 ug/cc.
First Aid of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.
INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.
INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital.
Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids.
Get medical attention immediately.
Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water.
If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water.
Get medical attention promptly.
Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once.
If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.
Get medical attention as soon as possible.
Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids.
Get medical attention immediately.
Skin: Water flush immediately - If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately flush the contaminated skin with water.
If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing and flush the skin with water.
Get medical attention promptly.
Breathing: Respiratory support
Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.
Fire Fighting of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray.
LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray.
Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material.
FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
Fire Fighting Procedures of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or alcohol foam extinguishers.
Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas.
Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback.
Vapors in confined area may explode in fire.
Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions.
If materials or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.
Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies.
From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers.
If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors, or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.
If employees are expected to fight fires, they must be trained and equipped.
Use water spray, dry chemical, "alcohol resistant" foam, or carbon dioxide.
Use water spray to keep fire-exposed containers cool.
Fight fire from protected location or maximum possible distance.
If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Solid streams of water may be ineffective.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Use water spray to knock-down vapors.
Isolation and Evacuation of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.
SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above.
FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Spillage Disposal HelpNew Window
Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable plastic containers as far as possible.
Cautiously neutralize remainder with aqueous sodium carbonate or lime.
Then wash away with plenty of water.
Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.
Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus.
Cleanup Methods of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete.
Remove all ignition sources.
Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit.
Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar non-organic materials and deposit in sealed containers.
Using caution, neutralize remainder with aqueous sodium carbonate or lime.
Then wash away with plenty of water.
Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste.
If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.
Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations.
If employees are required to clean-up spills, they must be properly trained and equipped.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is use water spray to cool and disperse vapors, protect personnel, and dilute spill to form nonflammable mixtures.
Control runoff and isolate discharged material for proper disposal.
Environmental considerations: Land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, holding area to contain liquid or solid material.
Dike surface flow using soil, sand bags, foamed polyurethane, or foamed concrete.
Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).
Absorb bulk liquid with fly ash or cement powder.
If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner.
Environmental considerations: Water spill: Use natural barriers or oil spill control booms to limit spill travel.
Neutralize with agricultural lime (CaO), crushed limestone (CaCO3), or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.
Disposal Methods of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier.
Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
Preventive Measures of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact.
Safety equipment suppliers/manufacturers can provide recommendations on the most protective glove/clothing material for your operation.
All protective clothing (suits, gloves, footwear, headgear) should be clean, available each day, and put on before work.
Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical.
Wear splash-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn.
Employees should wash immediately with soap when skin is wet or contaminated.
Provide emergency showers and eyewash.
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away.
Keep material out of water sources and sewers.
Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid is use water spray to knock-down vapors.
Neutralize spilled material with crushed limestone, soda ash, or lime.
Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors.
Keep upwind.
Avoid bodily contact with the material.
Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.
Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.
If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.
Approach fire with caution.
If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away.
Keep material out of water sources and sewers.
Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
Nonfire Spill Response of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing.
Stop leak if you can do 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid without risk.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS.
Stability of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
May be stabilized by the addition of MEHQ (Hydroquinone methyl ether, ca. 250 ppm) or hydroquinone.
In the absence of a stabilizer this material will readily polymerize.
Combustible.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, hydrochloric acid.
Identifiers of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
CAS Number: 79-41-4
Abbreviations: MAA
ChEBI: CHEBI:25219
ChemSpider: 3951
ECHA InfoCard: 100.001.096
EC Number: 201-204-4
MeSH: C008384
PubChem CID: 4093
UNII: 1CS02G8656
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3025542
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6O2/c1-3(2)4(5)6/h1H2,2H3,(H,5,6)
Key: CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CC(C(O)=O)=C
Properties of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Chemical formula: C4H6O2
Molar mass: 86.09 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless liquid or solid
Odor: Acrid, repulsive
Density: 1.015 g/cm3
Melting point: 14 to 15 °C (57 to 59 °F; 287 to 288 K)
Boiling point: 161 °C (322 °F; 434 K)
Solubility in water: 9% (25 °C)[1]
Vapor pressure: 0.7 mmHg (20 °C)[1]
Molecular Weight: 86.09
XLogP3: 0.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 86.036779430
Monoisotopic Mass: 86.036779430
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 83.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Names of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
Alternate Chemical Names of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
ALPHA-2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
ALPHA-METHYLACRYLIC ACID
GE 110
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (GLACIAL)
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid (STABILIZED)
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, STABILIZED
2-METHYL PROPENIC ACID
2-METHYL-2-PROPENOIC ACID
METHYLACRYLIC ACID
2-METHYLACRYLIC ACID
2-METHYLENEPROPIONIC ACID
2-METHYLPROPENOIC ACID
PROPENIONIC ACID, 2-METHYLENE
Preferred IUPAC name of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
2-Methylprop-2-enoic acid
Other names of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
α-2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
2-Methylacrylic acid
2-Methylpropenoic acid
Synonyms of 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid:
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
79-41-4
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-
2-Methylacrylic acid
Methylacrylic acid
2-Methylpropenoic acid
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
2-methylprop-2-enoic acid
alpha-Methylacrylic acid
2-Methylenepropionic acid
Acrylic acid, 2-methyl-
alpha-2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
Propionic acid, 2-methylene-
Poly2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
Kyselina methakrylova
Methacrylsaeure
Methakrylsaeure
NSC 7393
2-Methylpropensaeure
UNII-1CS02G8656
2-Methyl-acrylic acid
.alpha.-2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
25087-26-7
.alpha.-Methylacrylic acid
CHEBI:25219
1CS02G8656
methacrylicacid
Propenoic acid, 2-methyl
Acido metacrilico
Acide methacrylique
Acido metacrilico
Acide methacrylique
Kyselina methakrylova
CCRIS 5925
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, homopolymer
HSDB 2649
EINECS 201-204-4
UN2531
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid homopolymer
BRN 1719937
AI3-15724
Methyl acrylic acid
GMAA 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid glacial
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid monomer
Glacial 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
DSSTox_CID_5542
CH2=C(CH3)COOH
EC 201-204-4
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, inhibited
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, stabilized
DSSTox_RID_77824
DSSTox_GSID_25542
WLN: QVY1&U1
4-02-00-01518
UN 2531 (Salt/Mix)
CHEMBL1213531
DTXSID3025542
NSC7393
NSC-7393
STR02118
ZINC1683524
Tox21_200826
BBL011616
MFCD00002651
STL163339
AKOS000121138
MCULE-9899621926
CAS-79-41-4
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, inhibited (Salt/Mix)
NCGC00248843-01
NCGC00258380-01
BP-30227
K406
FT-0613003
M0079
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
Q165949
J-521686
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, inhibited [UN2531]
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, contains 250 ppm MEHQ as inhibitor, 99%
alpha.-Methylacrylicacid
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid
2-methyl-2-Propenoicacid
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, 99.5%, stabilized, extra pure
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, stabilized, extra pure
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid,99.5%,extra pure,stabilized
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, 99+%, stab. with 250ppm 4-methoxyphenol
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, Stab. With 250Ppm 4-Methoxyphenol