AZO(BIS)FORMAMIDE

Azo(bis)formamide is a synthetic organic compound that is primarily used as a blowing agent in the production of foamed plastics and rubber.
Azo(bis)formamide is known for its ability to release nitrogen gas when heated, which creates bubbles and helps expand and foam various materials.
As a food additive, Azo(bis)formamide is known as E927 and is used as a bleaching agent in packaged, processed foods like frozen dinners, pasta, and flour mixes in baked goods.

CAS Number: 123-77-3
EC Number: 204-650-8
Molecular Formula: C2H4N4O2
Molecular Weight: 116.08

Synonyms: 1 1'-Azobis[formamide], 1 1'-Azobiscarbamide, 1 1'-Azodiformamide, 1,1'-Azobis(formamide), 1,1'-Azobiscarbamida, 1,1'-Azobiscarbamide, 1,1'-Azobisformamide, 1,1'-Azodiformamida, 1,1'-Azodiformamide, 1,1'-azobis [formamida], 1,2-Diacenodicarboxamida, 1,2-Diazenedicarboxamide, 123-77-3, 1500TID, A 9660, AA 110S, ABFA, AC, AC (foaming agent), AC 1, AC 1000, AC 1000 (blowing agent), AC 150P, AC 170, AC 1C, AC 1L, AC 2F-K3, AC 3, AC 3000, AC 3C2, AC 3K2, AC 5000, AC 5000 (blowing agent), AC-EFS, AC-K 3, AC-K-F 3, AC-LQ, AC-R, ADC, ADC 21, ADCA, ADK Stab OF 14, AI3-52516, AK 2, AW 9, AZ 120, Azobiscarbonamida, Azobiscarbonamide, Azobiscarboxamida, Azobiscarboxamide, Azobisformamide, Azodicarbamide, Azodicarbamide; (Azo(bis)formamide), Azodicarboamide, Azo(bis)formamide, Azodicarboxamide, Azodicarboxylic acid diamide, Azodiformamide, C,C'-azodi(formamide), C2-H4-N4-O2, C2H4N4O2, CCRIS 842, Celogen AZ, Celogen AZ 130, Celogen AZ 199, Celosen AZ, ChKhZ 21r, ChKhz 21, DIAZENEDICARBOXYAMIDE, Diazenedicarboxamida, Diazenedicarboxamide, Diazenedicarboxamide (9CI), EC 204-650-8, EINECS 204-650-8, Ficel EP-A, Formamida, 1,1'-azobis-, Formamide, 1,1'-azobis-, Formamide11'-azobis-(6CI8CI), Genitron AC, Genitron AC 2, Genitron AC 4, Genitron EPC, HSDB 1097, Kempore, Kempore 125, Kempore 60/40, Kempore R 125, Lucel ADA, NA3242, NCI-C55981, NSC 41038, NSC 674447, Nitropore, Pinhole ACR 3, Pinhole AK 2, Poramid K 1, Porofor 505, Porofor ChKhZ 21r, Porofor Chkhz 21, Porofor DhKhZ 21, Porofor adc/R, Porofor-lk 1074 (bayer), UN3242, UNII-56Z28B9C8O, Unifoam AZ, Unifoam AZH 25, Uniform AZ, Yunihomu AZ, delta(1,1')-Biurea

Azo(bis)formamide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H4O2N4.
Azo(bis)formamide is a yellow to orange-red, odorless, crystalline powder.

Azo(bis)formamide is sometimes called a 'yoga mat' chemical because of its widespread use in foamed plastics.
Azo(bis)formamide was first described by John Bryden in 1959.

Azo(bis)formamide is broadly utilized as a blowing agent for plastics and rubbers.
Azo(bis)formamide, Soluble in alkali, insoluble in gasoline, alcohol, benzene, pyridine and water; the chemical formula is C2H4N4O2, and the molecular formula is NH2CON=NCONH2.

Azo(bis)formamide is a foaming agent commonly used in industry.
Azo(bis)formamide can be used in the production of yoga mats and rubber soles to increase the elasticity of the product.

Azo(bis)formamide can also be used in the food industry to increase the strength and flexibility of the dough.
Azo(bis)formamide is also used as a food additive, such as an aging and bleaching ingredient in cereal flour and as a dough conditioner in bread baking.

Azo(bis)formamide is easily ignited and burns rapidly.
Confined samples show a high rate of pressure rise during thermal decomposition, which produces carbon monoxide and nitrogen.

Azo(bis)formamide's sensitive to temperatures exceeding 122°F.
Azo(bis)formamide, may be sensitive to exposure to light.

Stable in bulk when stored for two weeks at temperatures up to 140°F.
Slightly unstable in water suspension (3% decomposition at 2 mg/mL over a two-week period at room temperature in the light but no decomposition at 41°F over a two-week period in the dark.

Azo(bis)formamide is known by the E number E927.
Many restaurants in the US fast food industry removed the additive in response to negative publicity.

Azo(bis)formamide is used as a foaming agent in the production some plastic products.
Azo(bis)formamide’s use in yoga mats has received a lot of publicity.

Azo(bis)formamide is also used in the rubber that forms seals on glass jars.
Azo(bis)formamide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H4O2N4.

Azo(bis)formamide is a yellow to orange red, odorless, crystalline powder.
As a food additive Azo(bis)formamide is known as E927 and used as a bleaching agent in packaged, processed foods like frozen dinners, pasta and flour mixes in baked goods.
The principal use of Azo(bis)formamide is in the production of foamed plastics as a blowing agent.

Azo(bis)formamide is prepared in two steps via treatment of urea with hydrazine to form biurea, as described in this idealized equation:
2 OC(NH2)2 + N2H4 → H2NC(O)-N(H)-N(H)-C(O)NH2 + 2 NH3

Oxidation with chlorine or chromic acid yields Azo(bis)formamide:
H2NC(O)-N(H)-N(H)-C(O)NH2 + Cl2 → H2NC(O)-N=N-C(O)NH2 + 2 HCl

Azo(bis)formamide is an odorless yellow, orange color chemical widely used as a blowing agent, foaming agent and also as a food additive in baking.
Azo(bis)formamide is also called as ‘yoga – mat’ chemical due to Azo(bis)formamides primary use in rubber and a plastic product like a flip flop or yoga mat.

Azo(bis)formamide provides softness and elasticity, considering this property Azo(bis)formamide is used in the food industry for several years.
Azo(bis)formamide is abundantly practiced by commercial bakers as a whitening agent and conditioner for bread dough.

This crystalline solid is poorly soluble in water, but when water temperature is raised Azo(bis)formamide become marginally soluble,
Azo(bis)formamide devours thermally unstable property and hence while baking, Azo(bis)formamide break down to form other chemicals, one of which is Semicarbazide (SEM).

Azo(bis)formamide is used as a blowing agent in plastics.
Azo(bis)formamide is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H4O2N4.

Azo(bis)formamide is a yellow to orange red, odorless, crystalline powder.
As a food additive, Azo(bis)formamide is known by the E number E927.

Azo(bis)formamide is used as a food additive, a flour bleaching agent and improving agent.
Azo(bis)formamide reacts with moist flour as an oxidizing agent.

Secondary reaction products include semicarbazide and ethyl carbamate.
Azo(bis)formamide, the diamide of azodicarboxylic acid, is an orange-red crystalline solid.

Azo(bis)formamide is made industrially by the condensation reaction between hydrazine sulfate and urea under high temperature and pressure, followed by oxidation with NaOCl.
Azo(bis)formamide is a blowing agent for foaming rubbers and plastics, a bleaching (oxidizing) agent in cereal flours, and a dough conditioner for baking bread.

Azo(bis)formamide is a yellow to orange crystalline powder at room temperature.
Azo(bis)formamides chemical structure consists of two carbonyl groups (-CO-) separated by two nitrogen atoms (-N=N-), which are known as azo groups.

Azo(bis)formamide is stable under normal storage conditions but decomposes when exposed to heat, releasing nitrogen gas (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), and other volatile byproducts.
In addition to its primary uses as a blowing agent in plastics and rubber, Azo(bis)formamide has found applications in other industries.

For example, Azo(bis)formamide is used in the production of certain types of synthetic leather, floor mats, and carpet underlays to achieve a cushioning effect.
The regulatory status of Azo(bis)formamide varies by country and region.

In the United States, Azo(bis)formamide is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as a food additive within specified limits, and Azo(bis)formamide has a specific code (E927) when used as a food additive in the European Union.
However, there have been concerns about its safety as a food additive, primarily related to its potential to form semicarbazide (a breakdown product) and its association with respiratory issues when inhaled in industrial settings.

Azo(bis)formamide is a dough conditioner that exists as a yellow to orange-red crystalline powder practically insoluble in water.
Azo(bis)formamide is used in aging and bleaching cereal flour to produce a more manage- able dough and a lighter, more voluminous loaf of bread.

Azo(bis)formamide is used in bread flours and bread as a dough conditioner.
Azo(bis)formamide can be used with the oxidizing agent potassium bromate.

Azo(bis)formamide is easily ignited and burns rapidly.

Azo(bis)formamide slightly unstable in water suspension (3% decomposition at 2 mg/mL over a two-week period at room temperature in the light but no decomposition at 41°F over a two-week period in the dark.
Reacts with hot water to give nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and ammonia.

Incompatible with strong acids and bases, and with compounds of metals.
Azo(bis)formamide is a synthetic chemical that exists at ambient temperature as a yellow-orange crystalline solid.

Azo(bis)formamide is mainly used as a blowing agent in the rubber and plastics industries in the expansion of a wide range of polymers, including polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, and natural/synthetic rubbers.
Azo(bis)formamide is also used as a food additive, such as an aging and bleaching ingredient in cereal flour and as a dough conditioner in bread baking.

Azo(bis)formamide is employed as an organic chemical blowing agent for the manufacturing of polymer foam, which is used in rubber compounds, polymer melts, and PVC plastisols.
Azo(bis)formamide is also used as a blowing agent in foamed rubber and plastics products for instance in products such as yoga mats, window gaskets, floor mats, toys, and shoe soles.

Azo(bis)formamide is widely used as a dough conditioner and as a flour bleaching agent, as Azo(bis)formamide hastens the speed of processing, improves the bread texture, and makes the bread appear whiter and larger than its normal appearance.
Azo(bis)formamide is used to bleach and “improve” flour.
Azo(bis)formamide is banned in Europe but allowed in Canada and the U.S. Freshly milled flour has a yellowish colour.

In the plastic, leather, and other industries, modified Azo(bis)formamide (average decomposition temperature 170 °C) contains additives that accelerate the reaction or react at lower temperatures.
An example of the use of Azo(bis)formamide as a blowing agent is found in the manufacture of vinyl (PVC) and EVA.PE foams.

Azo(bis)formamide forms bubbles upon breaking down into gas at high temperature.
Vinyl foam is springy and does not slip on smooth surfaces.

Azo(bis)formamide is useful for carpet underlay and floor mats.
Commercial yoga mats made of vinyl foam have been available since the 1980s; the first mats were cut from carpet underlay.

Azo(bis)formamide is a strong organic foaming agent of heat decomposition type.
The decomposition temperature range is small.
Azo(bis)formamide can be decomposed into N2, CO, CO2.

Azo(bis)formamide is free from poison, smell and pollution, but Azo(bis)formamide can be decomposed at high temperature (>120°C).
Azo(bis)formamide is used as a foaming agent for producing of various foamed plastics as PVC, EVA, PP, PE, PS etc., imitation leather and plastic products with high demands and dense, homogeneous apertures.

Azo(bis)formamide is used to get good elasticity, homogeneous foamed apertures and high strength of the appropriate production.
Azo(bis)formamide is a yellow orangish powder, more commonly used commercially in the creation of foamed plastics – like yoga mats, shoe soles, floor mats and window gaskets.

Azo(bis)formamide is a chemical compound used as a food additive, a flour bleaching agent, and a dough conditioner.
Azo(bis)formamide is an ingredient commonly used as a whitening agent in flour and a dough conditioner in bread.
However, its safety as a food additive is controversial mainly due to its application as a blowing agent in foamed plastics (e.g. yoga mats) and the side effects of semicarbazide (a breakdown product of ADA).

Azo(bis)formamide is used for the purpose of making flour white and strengthening dough in bread.
Due to the functions of bleaching and oxidation, Azo(bis)formamide is a fast-acting gluten enhancer that strengthens the elasticity and toughness of gluten, and makes a high-strength dough.

Azo(bis)formamide works immediately even if the flour is wet.
Azo(bis)formamide is used in plastics, synthetic leather, and other industries and can be pure or modified.

Modification affects the reaction temperatures.
Pure Azo(bis)formamide generally reacts around 200 °C.

Vinyl foam is springy and does not slip on smooth surfaces.
Azo(bis)formamide is useful for carpet underlay and floor mats.

Commercial yoga mats made of vinyl foam have been available since the 1980s; the first mats were cut from carpet underlay.
As a food additive, Azo(bis)formamide is used as a flour bleaching agent and a dough conditioner.

Azo(bis)formamide reacts with moist flour as an oxidizing agent.
The main reaction product is biurea, which is stable during baking.
Secondary reaction products include semicarbazide and ethyl carbamate.

Azo(bis)formamide is known by the E number E927.
Many restaurants in the US fast food industry removed the additive in response to negative publicity

In some countries and regions, Azo(bis)formamide is subject to legal restrictions or has been banned outright.
For example, Azo(bis)formamide is banned for use as a food additive in several European countries, including the United Kingdom, Germany, and Australia.

These restrictions are often based on safety concerns and the potential formation of semicarbazide during food processing.
Azo(bis)formamide, many food manufacturers have sought alternative dough conditioners and flour improvers that can achieve similar effects without the use of this chemical.

These alternatives may include enzymes, emulsifiers, and other food additives.
The main health concern associated with Azo(bis)formamide is its potential to form semicarbazide (SEM) when exposed to high temperatures during baking or cooking.

SEM has been a subject of research and debate due to its potential to be a mutagen or carcinogen.
However, the actual health risks are still a matter of scientific discussion, and regulatory agencies have set acceptable daily intake limits for SEM.

Azo(bis)formamide, some manufacturers have sought alternative foaming agents in food and non-food applications.
These alternatives may include enzymes, yeast, and other chemical agents.
Azo(bis)formamide is permitted as a food additive, manufacturers are generally required to list it on product labels when Azo(bis)formamide is used as an ingredient.

Applications of Azo(bis)formamide:

Plastics Industry:
Azo(bis)formamide is used as a blowing agent to create foamed plastics with lightweight and insulating properties.

Rubber Industry:
Employed as a blowing agent and crosslinking agent in the production of rubber products.

Food Industry:
Azo(bis)formamide is used as a dough conditioner to improve dough handling and bread texture (usage varies by region).

Uses of Azo(bis)formamide:
Azo(bis)formamide is used as an additive to wheat flour breads and dough to improve the physical properties of the dough and the baking performance.
Azo(bis)formamide is also used to optimize the levels of oxidant/re ducing agents in the baking of wheat flour.

Azo(bis)formamide is used in bread flours and bread as a dough conditioner.
Azo(bis)formamide can be used with the oxidizing agent potassium bromate.

Azo(bis)formamide is widely used by industry in the manufacture of a variety of products.
Azo(bis)formamide is a chemical generally used as a blowing agent in the production of foamed plastics.
Azo(bis)formamide can also be used as a food additive to strengthen and enhance the elasticity of the dough.

The World Health Organization considers that the main concern of Azo(bis)formamide relates to the risk of developing occupational asthma in the work environment.
Nevertheless, such health effect has not been observed from the consumption of bread with Azo(bis)formamide.
The Codex Alimentarius Commission and a number of countries (e.g. the US, Canada, Mainland China and Korea) have set standards for the use of Azo(bis)formamide in flours.

Azo(bis)formamide is a food additive used to strengthen and enhance the elasticity of the dough for making bread.
Azo(bis)formamide is most commonly used as a foaming agent in the production of plastics and rubber.

When Azo(bis)formamide is added to these materials, Azo(bis)formamide decomposes at elevated temperatures, releasing nitrogen gas and creating a foamed structure.
This foaming process is important in the manufacture of products like expanded foam insulation, shoe soles, yoga mats, and various types of packaging materials.

Azo(bis)formamide is approved as a food additive and is used as a dough conditioner and flour improver in the baking industry.
Azo(bis)formamide can enhance the texture and volume of bread products by releasing gases during baking.

Azo(bis)formamide is sometimes used as a yellow or orange colorant in certain foods and products.
However, Azo(bis)formamide's use as a food additive is regulated in many countries due to concerns about potential health effects.

Azo(bis)formamide, or azobisformamide, is a chemical compound being used as a food additive to bleach and increase the shelf life of breads, among other uses.
Azo(bis)formamide is used in the following products: polymers and laboratory chemicals.

Azo(bis)formamide is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Azo(bis)formamide is used for the manufacture of: plastic products and rubber products.

Release to the environment of Azo(bis)formamide can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Azo(bis)formamide is most commonly used as a blowing agent in the production of foamed plastics.

When Azo(bis)formamide is incorporated into plastic materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyethylene, and then heated, Azo(bis)formamide decomposes, releasing nitrogen gas.
This gas creates bubbles or cells in the plastic, resulting in a foam with reduced density.

Foam plastics produced with Azo(bis)formamide are used in various applications, including insulation, packaging materials, and shoe soles.
Similar to Azo(bis)formamides use in plastics, Azo(bis)formamide is used as a foaming agent in the production of foamed rubber products.

Azo(bis)formamide helps create cellular structures in rubber materials, which can be found in items like shoe soles, yoga mats, and automotive parts.
Azo(bis)formamide is approved as a food additive and is used as a dough conditioner and flour improver in baking.

Azo(bis)formamide improves the texture and volume of baked goods like bread by releasing gases, including carbon dioxide, during the baking process.
Azo(bis)formamide is used in the production of synthetic leather and textiles to provide a cushioning effect.

Azo(bis)formamide helps create a soft and padded texture in these materials.
In addition to Azo(bis)formamide's primary functions, Azo(bis)formamide is sometimes used as a yellow or orange colorant in certain foods and products.

Azo(bis)formamides use as a colorant in food is less common.
Azo(bis)formamide is employed in various polymeric materials, including thermoplastic elastomers, to create lightweight and expanded products.

This is especially useful in applications where weight reduction and insulation properties are desired, such as in the production of foam sheets, automotive parts, and cushioning materials.
Due to Azo(bis)formamide's ability to create lightweight, cellular structures in plastics and rubber, Azo(bis)formamide is used in the manufacture of soundproofing and insulation materials.

These materials are used in the construction industry to reduce noise transmission and improve thermal insulation in buildings.
Azo(bis)formamide is used in the automotive and transportation industries to create lightweight components for vehicles, such as interior panels, seat cushions, and floor mats.

Azo(bis)formamides use helps reduce the overall weight of vehicles, improving fuel efficiency.
In the production of consumer electronic devices, Azo(bis)formamide can be used to create lightweight and shock-absorbing components, protecting delicate electronic components from damage during shipping and handling.

Foam packaging materials produced with Azo(bis)formamide are commonly used to protect fragile and sensitive items during shipping.
These materials provide cushioning and shock absorption to prevent damage during transport.
Manufacturers often tailor the foam properties by adjusting the formulation of Azo(bis)formamide and other additives to meet specific requirements.

Azo(bis)formamide can be used in the construction industry to produce lightweight building materials, such as insulation boards, foam blocks, and roofing materials.
These materials provide thermal insulation and reduce construction costs due to their lightweight nature.
Azo(bis)formamide is sometimes used in the production of EVA foam, a versatile material used in various applications, including sports equipment, footwear, and children's toys.

Azo(bis)formamide enhances the foam's properties, making it suitable for cushioning and shock absorption.
Azo(bis)formamide has been used in agriculture to create foamed products for agricultural and horticultural applications, such as seed trays and protective packaging for plants.

Typical Properties of Azo(bis)formamide:

Physical Properties:
Appearance: Yellow to orange-red crystalline powder
Melting Point: Decomposes above 200°C
Density: Approximately 1.65 g/cm³
Solubility: Insoluble in water, slightly soluble in dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)

Chemical Properties:
Chemical Formula: C2H4N4O2
Molecular Weight: 116.08 g/mol
Decomposition: Decomposes upon heating, releasing nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and ammonia gases
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; decomposes upon heating or under acidic or basic conditions

Functional Properties:
Blowing Agent: Azo(bis)formamide is used as a foaming agent in the production of foamed plastics such as PVC, EVA, and polyolefins
Food Additive: Azo(bis)formamide is used as a dough conditioner in the bakery industry (though its use is banned in some regions)
Crosslinking Agent: In the rubber and plastics industries, Azo(bis)formamide serves as a crosslinking agent

Safety Profile of Azo(bis)formamide:
In industrial settings where Azo(bis)formamide is used, safety precautions are essential.
Workers who handle the compound or work with products containing Azo(bis)formamide should use appropriate protective equipment, such as gloves and masks, to minimize inhalation or skin contact.

Proper ventilation and adherence to safety guidelines are crucial to prevent potential health risks associated with exposure to the compound in its raw form.
In some cases, Azo(bis)formamide may cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals.

Azo(bis)formamide's important for manufacturers to label products containing Azo(bis)formamide, so individuals with known sensitivities or allergies can avoid them.
The decomposition of Azo(bis)formamide during Azo(bis)formamide's industrial use or disposal can release potentially harmful gases into the environment.

Some environmental concerns have been raised about the impact of these emissions on air quality.
Ongoing research and safety evaluations are conducted by regulatory agencies and scientific organizations to assess the potential health risks associated with Azo(bis)formamide and its breakdown products.
As a result, regulatory standards and recommendations may evolve over time based on new findings.

Identifiers of Azo(bis)formamide:
Chemical Formula: C2H4N4O2
Molecular Weight: 116.08 g/mol
CAS Number: 123-77-3
EC Number (EINECS): 204-650-8

Properties of Azo(bis)formamide:
Melting point: 220-225 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Boiling point: 217.08°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.65
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4164 (estimate)
Flash point: 225 °C
storage temp.: Flammables area
solubility: water: soluble0.033g/L at 20°C
pka: 14.45±0.50(Predicted)
form: Solid
color: Orange-red powder or crystals
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE IN HOT WATER
Merck : 14,919
BRN: 1758709
Stability: Highly flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases, heavy metal salts.
InChIKey: XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N
LogP: -1.148 (est)

Names of Azo(bis)formamide:

IUPAC Name:
Diazenedicarboxamide

Other Names:
ADA
Azobisformamide
1,1'-Azobisformamide
Azobis(carbonamide)