BENZOIN

CAS number: 119-53-9
EC number: 204-331-3
Chemical formula: C₆H₅CH(OH)COC₆H₅
Molar Mass: 212.25 g/mol

Benzoin is an off-white to yellow-white crystalline solid with an odor of camphor.
Slightly acrid taste.
When broken the fresh surfaces have a milky-white color.

Benzoin may refer to:
Benzoin (organic compound), an organic compound with the formula PhCH(OH)C(O)Ph
Benzoin (resin), a balsamic resin obtained from the bark of several species of trees in the genus Styrax
Benzoin aldolase, an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction benzoin to benzaldehyde

Benzoin condensation, a reaction between two aromatic aldehydes
Benzoin odoriferum or Lindera benzoin, a shrub in the laurel family
Benzoin tree, the common name of Styrax, a genus of shrubs or trees in the family Styracaceae
Tincture of benzoin, a pungent solution of benzoin resin in ethanol

Benzoin is the sap (gum resin) that comes from cuts in the trunk of trees that belong to the Styrax family.
Benzoin is used on the skin for ulcers, bed sores (pressure ulcers), cracked skin, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.
Benzoin is used in small quantities in foods as a flavoring.

There is some evidence that benzoin might act as a skin protectant and may also help to break up chest congestion by thinning mucous and making Benzoin easier to cough up.

CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects.
This information may not fit your specific health circumstances.
Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD.
You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.

Benzoin is the sap (gum resin) of trees that belong to the Styrax species.
Don’t confuse benzoin with Siam benzoin (Styrax tonkinensis), which is used only in manufacturing and not as a medicine.
People take benzoin by mouth for swelling (inflammation) of the throat and breathing passages.

Some people apply Benzoin directly to the skin to kill germs, reduce swelling, and stop bleeding from small cuts.
Benzoin is also used topically for skin ulcers, bedsores, and cracked skin.
In combination with other herbs (aloe, storax, and tolu balsam), benzoin is used as a skin protectant.
This combination is known as “compound benzoin tincture.”

By inhalation, benzoin is used to treat hoarseness (laryngitis), croup, and other respiratory conditions.
In dentistry, benzoin is used for swollen gums and herpes sores in the mouth.
In manufacturing, benzoin is used in making pharmaceutical drugs.

Benzoin resin is a balsamic resin obtained from the bark of several species of trees in the genus Styrax.
There are two common kinds of benzoin, benzoin Siam and benzoin Sumatra, that are obtained from different species of the Styrax tree.
While benzoin resin is used as a common ingredient in incense-making and perfumery, Benzoin is also used clinically as a mild antiseptic agent in over-the-counter products to clean sores, cuts, wounds, and skin abrasions as tincture of benzoin, or benzoin in a solution of alcohol.
Tincture of benzoin solution is a topical adhesive agent used to provide tackiness and enhance the adhesive property of tape.

(±)-Benzoin is a flavouring ingredient.
Benzoin is an organic compound with the formula PhCH(OH)C(O)Ph.
Benzoin is a hydroxy ketone attached to two phenyl groups.

Benzoin appears as off-white crystals, with a light camphor-like odor.
Benzoin is synthesized from benzaldehyde in the benzoin condensation.
Benzoin is chiral and Benzoin exists as a pair of enantiomers: (R)-benzoin and (S)-benzoin.

Benzoin and Steri-strips are applied, and patients are placed into a temporary short arm splint for comfort.

The initial lu was probably lost because Benzoin was taken as the definite article in Romance.

Sumatran benzoin is a resin produced by Styrax trees, managed in forest gardens in the highlands of North Sumatra.
The resin is used in incense, perfume and pharmaceutical preparations and as a flafouring agent.
Trade with foreign countries has existed for over a millennium, first with China and later with Arab and Europe.

The economic and cultural roles of benzoin have undergone major changes in the last few decades.
Previously benzoin gardening was considered a high status activity which generated high incame and made farmer proud.
Nowadays some villages have abandoned the practices as other more profitable cash crops have displaced benzoin as an income source.

The younger generations perceives benzoin cultivation as a backward activity, preferring to work in their annual crop gardens or for wages.
Nevertheless some farmers remain attached to benzoin as they recognize Benzoin as the product that gave life to their settlement and provided the means to educate generations of relatives.
From a conservation point of fiew, benzoin management represents low-intensity disturbance of the ecosystem and allows the effective accumulation of a forest species while maintaining the forest environment.

Also called gum benjamin, gum benzoin.
A reddish-brown, aromatic balsamic resin occurring in almondlike fragments and having a vanillalike odor, obtained from trees of the genus Styrax, especially S. benzoin, of Java, Sumatra, etc.: used in the manufacture of perfume and cosmetics and in medicine internally as an expectorant and externally as an antiseptic.
Also called benjamin, benjamin-bush.
Any plant belonging to the genus Lindera (Benzoin), of the laurel family, including the spicebush and similar aromatic plants.

A hard fragrant yellowish balsamic resin from trees (genus Styrax) of southeastern Asia used especially as a fixative in perfumes, as incense, and in medicine as an expectorant and skin protectant
A white crystalline hydroxy ketone C14H12O2 made from benzaldehyde

In common with balsam of Peru and balsam of tolu, this is an oil – tapped from a tree (Styrax benzoin), after deliberately damaging the bark.
Benzoin was first described in the 14th Century; the Arabs called benzoin ‘frankincense of Java’, and Benzoin’s had a seriously long tradition of use in pomanders, pot pourri, incense and soaps.
(Rather usefully, benzoin multi-tasks as an antiseptic and an inhalant, as well as a stypic, i.e. Benzoin actually stops minor wounds bleeding.)

Benzoin gives ‘body’ to many perfumes (Benzoin’s especially widely-used in ambrées) and is sweetly seductive.
As perfumer Alienor Massenet explains: ‘Benzoin is as suave as vanilla, and has a touch of cinnamon to Benzoin.
I use Benzoin for feminine and masculine fragrances: Benzoin gives an “openness” and sensuality to fragrances.

Our Benzoin has a rich, intensely sweet, warm, powdery, balsamic, vanilla-like aroma, with a subtle spicy/cinnamon-like undertone.
Benzoin is an effective fixative for the middle notes of perfume compositions, soaps, cosmetics and toiletries, while the raw material is used extensively in the manufacture of incense.

Benzoin is worthwhile to note that the addition of too much Benzoin can suppress the odor of other aromatic ingredients.
'Sweet, but not sugary', 'rich but not heavy' are the reasons why perfumers prize Benzoin.
Please be aware that because this product is diluted with ethanol, Benzoin is not soluble in fixed (carrier/vegetal) oils or in fixed oil-based products.

Benzoin is a resinous tree in the Styracaceae family.
The genus Styrax contains about 130 species of trees and shrubs occurring in tropical to temperate climates with three main areas of distribution: southeastern Asia, southeastern North America to South America, and a single species in the Mediterranean.

To harvest Benzoin resin, farmers climb up to a height of 30 feet using rope ladders where an incision is made in the bark to make Benzoin 'weep' (release) the gum.
After about ten weeks this exudate forms 'tears'.

Apparently simple, but physically demanding, this is a skilled technique that will soon be lost, especially as synthetic chemicals replace real Benzoin.
When 7-10 years old, one tree can provide an average of up to 0.5 kilo of resin per year.
As Benzoin is, the yield is very low - 1.2 kilos of tears make 1 kilo of Benzoin resinoid.

Benzoin resin is a natural tree resin incense known as styrax benzoin, gum noble, cavi frankincense, benzoin gum or cavi noble.
Benzoin is harvested from Styrax type trees.
These trees grow widely in Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam.

Benzoin has a soothing, refreshing, warm aroma.
Benzoin is often described by first-experiencers as a scent reminiscent of the scent of vanilla.
This resin incense, which is not known in our country yet, is widely used in negative energy cleansing and purification rituals in some parts of the world.

This special resin, which is also used in perfume making and handmade natural incense mixtures, is preferred as a base note in perfume recipes.
Cedar wood, cypress, sandalwood, wood, frankincense , myrrh , jasmine, juniper, rose, vetiver, Ginger, coriander, black pepper.
Benzoin is compatible with other citrus oils and fragrances such as lemon, orange, tangerine and bergamot.

Benzoin is an aromatic, evergreen tree growing from 8 - 34 metres tall with a slightly buttressed bole that can be from 10 - 100cm in diameter.
The plant excretes a fragrant balsam on being bruised.
This species is the main source of the fragrant gum, benzoin.

Traditionally, this has been gathered from the wild for local medicinal use.
Benzoin first gained popularity in Europe towards the end of the 16th century, and now finds extensive use worldwide as an incense and in the flavour, fragrance and pharmaceutical industries.
Benzoin is probably best known as an ingredient of the herbal preparation 'Friar's Balsam'.
Benzoin is cultivated for Benzoins gum in tropical Asia.

How to Use Benzoin Resin? How Is It Burned?
The easiest and most practical method of burning resin incense is to use incense (censer) charcoal.
When the incense coal is burned and turned into an ember, that is, when Benzoin is completely ready for use, Benzoin is sufficient to put a piece of cavi asilbent incense on the coal.

Benzoin incense can also be used on a censer.
In this way, the spread of the smell is slower, the smell comes out lighter.
Benzoin incense, which is in the category of stone frankincense, can also be heated in a pan or burned directly.

Benzoin resin is tapped from the Styrax benzoin tree when Benzoin reaches maturity (after 7 years old).
When cut the tree exudes the sap or benzoin resin.
This resin contains approximately one-third benzoic acid, a mild antimicrobial, which is sometimes used in food and cosmetics preservation.

Benzoin is commonly used in perfumery and functions as a fixative - Benzoin will anchor other scents.
Some say Benzoin has a warm, sweet aroma reminiscent of vanilla and caramel.
I think the crushed resin smells like chocolate.
The resin and extracts made from Benzoin have been used throughout antiquity, from the Arabia's and South Asia to China and was predominantly used for burning incense, perfumery and to treat minor medical problems.

Benzoin made Benzoins way over to the West and we started seeing Benzoin used for general health, as well as in beauty remedies.
In Georgian times, a tonic called Imperial water was used as a mouthwash for easing toothache.
Benzoin was also used as a face spritz to smooth wrinkles.
A combination of benzoin, balm of gilead, houseleek and wine was used in Virgins Milk, a remedy for blemished skin.

Historically, tincture of benzoin has been used to treat skin sores, cuts and blisters as an antiseptic and a styptic (an agent to stop bleeding.)

Medicinal Uses of Benzoin:
Benzoin tincture, BP is listed in the British National Formulary (BNF).
Benzoin is a combination of Benzoin (Ground) 10.0 % w/v, Prepared Storax 10.0% w/v, Aloes 2.0% w/v.
Benzoin is sold as a concentrate to be added to boiling water and inhaled to treat congestion of the upper respiratory tract.

Friars balsam BP is also listed.
This contains 10% benzoin and 10% storax and is used as an inhalant as well as a mild antiseptic dressing.

What is a Tincture?
A tincture is an infusion where the solvent is alcohol.
Tinctures can have typically anywhere between 18% and 100% pure alcohol content, depending on the solute.
There is not really a hard and fast rule, but you can easily make a tincture from fresh plant materials that contain high amounts of water, with 100-proof (50% ethanol) vodka and Benzoin will still have enough alcohol to keep the plant material preserved.

How to make a Benzoin Resin
As benzoin resin contains little water you can make a tincture using 180 proof alcohol at a 1:1 ratio.
Simply grind the resin to a powder and weigh Benzoin.
Add equal amounts of 95-96% organic, non denatured ethanol.
When you first mix Benzoin together and give Benzoin a shake, Benzoin will look like chocolate milkshake and smell like a very boozy coffee liqueur.

Over time, the alcohol will turn dark brown and the residue will lose Benzoins colour.
Shake the tincture daily for a minimum of 14 days.
At the time of writing this post, my benzoin tincture had been infusing for approximately 8 months.
Some types of benzoin dissolve fully in alcohol and some only partially.
The type I used had a great deal of sediment left over after the infusion and needed straining with a muslin cloth.

Unlike medicinal alcoholic infusions that typically contain about 10% resin this is a highly concentrated tincture.
You can dilute Benzoin further after you have finished if you so wish.
This resin would likely be a good base for solid perfume or to use as a fixative scent in your homemade beauty products.

Benzoin is an organic compound with the formula PhCHCPh.
Benzoin is a hydroxy ketone attached to two phenyl groups.
Benzoin appears as off-white crystals, with a light camphor-like odor.

Benzoin is synthesized from benzaldehyde in the benzoin condensation.
Benzoin is chiral and Benzoin exists as a pair of enantiomers: -benzoin and -benzoin.
Benzoin is not a constituent of benzoin resin obtained from the benzoin tree (Styrax) or tincture of benzoin.

The main component in these natural products is benzoic acid.
Benzoin was first reported in 1832 by Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Woehler during their research on oil of bitter almond, which is benzaldehyde with traces of hydrocyanic acid.
The catalytic synthesis by the benzoin condensation was improved by Nikolay Zinin during his time with Liebig.

Benzoin or 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone or 2-Hydroxy-1,2-Diphenylethanone or desyl alcohol or bitter almond oil camphor is an organic compound consisting of an ethylene bridge flanked by phenyl groups and with a hydroxyl and a ketone functional group.
Benzoin comes as off-white crystals, with a light camphor odor.
Benzoin is synthesized from benzaldehyde in the benzoin condensation.

Benzoins main uses are:
photocatalyst in photopolymerization and a photoinitiator
raw material for benzil by organic oxidation with nitric acid or oxone.

In one study, this reaction is carried out with atmospheric oxygen and basic alumina in dichloromethane.
Benzoin is not a constituent of benzoin resin obtained from the benzoin tree (Styrax) or tincture of benzoin.
The main component in these natural products is benzoic acid.

Key point of Benzoin:
After burning your incense, ventilate the environment by opening the windows.
This is advice you can use for all incense.
Ventilation helps you improve energy flow.

Benzoin Oil
Benzoin is a very precious oil obtained from benzoin resin.
This oil; It has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Benzoin is used in traditional medicine to treat arthritis, bronchitis, cough, and stress.

Inedible and undrinkable.
It is suitable for topical use only.
Cavi acylbent oil, which is a strong oil, must be diluted to prevent skin irritation.
There are studies showing that the oil has a positive effect when used by inhalation (in a diffuser) for respiratory and chest congestion and expectorant purposes.

Benzoin Tincture
According to a recent scientific study, this tincture; In external use, Benzoin gives effective results in the treatment of infections caused by bacteria and fungi such as Candida albicans and Mycobacterium fortuitum.
Benzoin tincture can also be used for chapped lips and bedsores.

PLEASE NOTE: Benzoin dilution in ethanol (30% ethanol, 70% Benzoin resin) is intended for use in perfumery only.

Medicinal of Benzoin:
Benzoin gum contains variable quantities of cinnamic, benzoic and sumaresinolinic acid esters; free acids such as benzoic acid; benzaldehyde and vanillin.
The gum is strongly antiseptic, carminative, expectorant and astringent.
In Chinese medicine Benzoin is considered to be a circulatory stimulant.

Taken internally, the gum acts to settle griping pains, to stimulate coughing and to disinfect the urinary tract.
Benzoin is used in the treatment of coughs, colds, bronchitis, sore throats.
In the form of a tincture, benzoin is inhaled with steam for the relief of catarrh, laryngitis, bronchitis and upper respiratory tract disorders.

Benzoin is used externally on wounds and ulcers to tighten and disinfect the affected tissue.
Benzoin is also used for the prevention and treatment of cold sores, for the treatment of warts and to freshen and soothe dry skin and ameliorate skin allergies.
The gum is obtained from deep incisions made in the bark of trees that are at least 7 years old.

The gum is used in aromatherapy, where Benzoin is considered to be a sedative.

Benzoin gum is an ingredient of the proprietary preparation 'Friar's Balsam'.
This is an antiseptic and expectorant steam inhalation for sore throats, head and chest colds, asthma and bronchitis.

Benzoin Condensation
The Benzoin Condensation is a coupling reaction between two aldehydes that allows the preparation of α-hydroxyketones.
The first methods were only suitable for the conversion of aromatic aldehydes.

Mechanism of Benzoin Condensation
Addition of the cyanide ion to create a cyanohydrin effects an umpolung of the normal carbonyl charge affinity, and the electrophilic aldehyde carbon becomes nucleophilic after deprotonation: A thiazolium salt may also be used as the catalyst in this reaction.

Benzoin: a ravishing resinous oil
In essence:
Benzoin is a resin that is derived from the bark of several species of trees in the genus Styrax.
Benzoin is used as a common ingredient in incense-making and perfumery.

Benzoin essential oil contains a range of chemical compounds that contributes to the oil's scent and healing properties.
While benzoin is often recommended for topical use, Benzoin is important to know that Benzoin is highly concentrated.
Benzoin's scent is highly versatile and compliments variety of other scents in many essential oil collections.

You may be in for a surprise when you smell benzoin essential oil for the very first time, because Benzoin smells a lot like vanilla.
This concentrated resinous oil is extracted from the gum resin of the benzoin tree (Styrax benzoin), which mainly grows in Malaysia, Indonesia, Sumatra and Java.
The tree is tapped and when Benzoin exudes gum resin, Benzoin is used to create the oil.

Benzoin trees are known to produce resin in this way for 15-20 years.
These trees can grow up to 50 feet tall as they are native to tropical regions.
When a benzoin tree is around seven years old, Benzoins bark can be tapped, much like a maple tree to collect the sap.
The resin is harvested as a gum from the tree, also by making a small cut in the bark, and the tree oozes the sap/resin out.

Once the crude tree resin is hardened, a solvent is added to extract the benzoin essential oil.
Benzoin essential oil offers more than just nice smell.
Often mentioned in aromatherapy guides, benzoin has an uplifting, warm scent that reminds many people of vanilla.
Benzoin is a great addition to any medicine cabinet due Benzoins variety of medicinal properties, which we will further discuss in detail.

History of benzoin essential oil
While benzoin essential oil is popular today for Benzoins vanilla scent and other medicinal properties, Benzoin has actually been around for ages.
Praised for Benzoins strong scent of vanilla and balsam, Benzoin is believed that ancient papyrus records state that benzoin resin was traded to China and Egypt across the Red Sea.
Back then, the resin was typically ground into a powder with other aromatic materials such as pine, juniper, and cypress, which was then turned into incense.
Benzoin is also believed that the Sultan of Egypt would send Benzoin as gifts to the Doge of Venice and the Queen of Cyprus.

The usage of benzoin resin can be traced back to Ancient Romans and Greeks, where benzoin was used in incense and potpourri.
The resin was a common element in religious ceremonies as well, where Maya used benzoin aromatically as they believed Benzoin could drive away evil spirits.

Later, benzoin is known to have made Benzoins way to England in 15th century.
Benzoin was brought over by the traders in powdered form, which was used in perfumes worn by Queen Elizabeth I. Known as the 'Incense from Java', Benzoin was then started to be used for therapeutic purposes.
Even Nostradamus, the world famous French astrologer, classified benzoin as a tonic for skin infections in 1556.

History of Benzoin:
Benzoin was first synthesized in 1832 by Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Woehler during the research on bitter almond oil, which was benzaldehyde with traces of hydrocyanic acid.
The catalytic synthesis by the benzoin condensation was improved by the research of Nikolay Zinin during his time with Liebig.

Benzoin essential oil benefits & uses
In modern times, the benzoin essential oil is known to be used medicinally for treatment of wounds, cuts and blisters.
Also, the consistency of the resin makes Benzoin ideal for Benzoins addition to cough and throat lozenges, along with certain cosmetic products.
Benzoin is also known to be a common addition to perfumes, due to Benzoins sweet vanilla scent.
While these are some of the most common uses of benzoin essential oil, Benzoin is also known to provide certain benefits to the mind and body.

The oil is known to contain antimicrobial and disinfectant properties which can prevent infection in minor wounds and scratches.
Benzoin oil is also known to be used in mouthwash, to clean the mouth and kill the bacteria that causes bad breath.
It is also believed to have astringent properties which help tighten gums and reduce the swelling.
Using benzoin oil, along with good oral hygiene can help keep the mouth clean and fresh.
Benzoin essential oil not only helps you feel better, Benzoin is also believed to help you look better.

Benzoin is known to be highly versatile when Benzoin comes to cosmetic skin care.
The astringent properties mentioned earlier, can also prove to be highly effective as a toner.
The benzoin oil is known to reduce the appearance and size of pores while cleaning the skin and also getting rid of the harmful microbes.

Benzoin is also known to prevent moisture loss and thus keep your skin hydrated.
A hydrated skin is the one that retains your complexion and gives you a healthy look.
Similarly, some of the components of benzoin essential oil are also believed to boost the elasticity of the skin to maintain a spry appearance.
This is also known to help reduce the wrinkles and fine lines.

Similar to many other essential oils, benzoin essential oil is known to be effective in treatment of coughs and common cold.
Benzoin supposedly heals the respiratory difficulties by removing the excess mucus that may cause infection.
Benzoin essential oil is known to possess anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate pain caused due to swollen joints and muscle stiffness.

As mentioned earlier, the benzoin essential oil is known to provide healing effects for not just the body but also for the mind.
Apparently, this oil has been used for thousands of years for Benzoins healing effects on the mind.
Today, Benzoin is commonly used in yoga and massage therapy to calm your mind and body.
Benzoin essential oil may also relieve anxiety and nervousness by bringing the neurotic system back to normal.

Benzoin essential oils – chemical components & properties
Styrax benzoin is acrid, impressively aromatic and has strong vanilla like smell.
Main components of Styrax benzoin are benzaldehyde, benzoic acid, benzyl benzoate, cinnamic acid and vanillin.
The vanilla scent of the plant is due to vanillin.

Benzoic acid, named from the benzoin tree, provides the oil with Benzoins signature scent.
The phenilpropiolic acid in benzoin adds a balsamic note to the oil's aroma, while benzaldehyde adds an almond note.
The cinnamates present in the cinnamic acid is used as a flavouring agent and produce chocolate-like flavor.
The benzyl benzoate is commonly used medicinally and can be a strong insect repellent.

All these variety of chemical compounds constitute the various properties and subsequent benefits of the benzoin essential oil as discussed earlier.

Benzoin is a well established and reliable degassing agent for powder coatings.
During the curing of a powder coating film, the benzoin melts and chemically scavenges oxygen and promotes dissolution of gases into the resin to minimize bubble formation in the coating film.
Surface defects such as pinholes and other imperfections can be reduced or eliminated by incorporating 0.3 – 1.5% of benzoin into the powder coating formulation along with the other raw materials.
As with anyraw material, laboratory evaluation is required for each formulation to determine the best processing method and the optimum concentration of the additive.

Pharmacology of Benzoin:

Indication of Benzoin:
Indicated for mild antisepsis of skin, cuts, and abrasions.

Pharmacodynamics of Benzoin:
Benzoin resin exhibits antiseptic properties.

Mechanism of action of Benzoin:
The full mechanism of action is not yet fully established.
Benzoic acid present in tincture of benzoin as well as the strong alcoholic content of the common pharmaceutical preparation are thought to play antiseptic and dehydrating effects on the oedematous tissue.
Benzoin resin is thought to form a fine coating under the adhesive tapes and over skin, abrasions, wounds, and oral lesions when used as a topical adhesive agent.
Antiseptic preparation maintains skin integrity and protects the skin from adhesive ingredients and body fluids.

Benzoin is primarily native to Borneo, Java, Sumatra and Thailand.
It has astringent, antiseptic and Haemostatic properties Benzoin is very emollient and is able to heal wounds.
Benzoin may be applied in addition to conventional skin care and is also suitable for eczema, ulcers, pigmentation disorders and wounds.
Cracked skin also benefits from Benzoins effects.
In aromatherapy, benzoin is relaxing and harmonizing, but also euphoric and sensual.

Folklore and history of Benzoin:
When a Benzoin tree is around seven years old, the bark can be “tapped” much like a maple tree would be for Benzoins syrup.
The Benzoin is collected as a milky-white substance, but as Benzoin is exposed to air and sunlight the resin solidifies.
Once solidified, the resin takes the form of small crystalline stones that are used as incense.
Benzoin releases a sweet, balsamic lightly vanilla odour.

Gum Benzoin is a major component of incense used in Russian Orthodox churches and other Orthodox Christian societies.
Benzoin is also used in blended types of Japanese incense, Indian incense, Chinese incense and Papier d'Arménie.
When called sambrani or sambraani, Benzoin is a popular Indian incense used to scent and treat hair and prevent infections.

Traditional use of Benzoin:
The resin and oil of the Benzoin tree has been cherished throughout history.
Benzoin was deemed equally important as the more expensive and exotic Frankincense and Myrrh.
With a strong, sweet, and balsamic scent, Benzoin was beloved by ancient royalty.
Benzoin appears on ancient Egyptian papyrus records showing that Benzoin was traded across the Red Sea to Asia.

Benzoin has a long history of medicinal use as a tonic for skin infections and to provide relief from respiratory conditions such as asthma and bronchitis.
Nowadays Benzoin is used in cough lozenges and is a common ingredient in perfumes.
Like Frankincense and Myrrh, Benzoin resin has a long history of use as a medicine and incense especially in the East.
Benzoin is a main ingredient in 'Friar's Balsam', which is used as an expectorant and topical antiseptic.

Benefits of Benzoin:

Skin Health of Benzoin:
Benzoin benefits the skin in many ways.
Benzoin is antimicrobial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and astringent.
Benzoin accelerates the healing of wounds, ulcers and relieves eczema, psoriasis and rashes.

Essential oil of Benzoin is a common ingredient in skin care products.
Benzoin protects the skin by forming an invisible film which prevents moisture loss, improves elasticity and promotes smooth and supple skin.
Benzoin can also be used on an itchy scalp, helping to prevent and treat dandruff and give the hair a glossy shine.

Emotional Balance of Benzoin:
Benzoin resin incense can be burned to promote emotional balance, soothe away sadness, grief and anger.
With an earthy, balsamic scent and sweet vanilla undertones, Benzoin is said to melt away blockages and open up the heart.
Conversely, this beautiful incense is also energising and uplifting, promoting focus and concentration.

Respiratory Health of Benzoin:
With natural expectorant properties, Benzoin essential oil can be inhaled to drive out phlegm and provide relief from congestion in the respiratory tract.
Benzoins disinfectant properties will also help to draw out bacteria that cause infections such as coughs and colds.
If coughing is keeping you awake at night, a few drops of Benzoin essential oil on your pillow can help you sleep by dampening the cough reflex and helping you relax.

Digestive Health of Benzoin:
Massaging a dilution of Benzoin essential oil into the abdomen exerts a powerful carminative effect, helping to eliminate excess gas from the stomach and intestines.
Benzoin stimulates the production of the gastric juices that are necessary for healthy digestion whilst calming and toning the digestive tract.

First Aid of Benzoin:

Eyes: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Skin: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

Inhalation: immediately leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

Ingestion: do not induce vomiting.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.
Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Dosing of Benzoin:The appropriate dose of benzoin depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions.
At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for benzoin.
Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important.
Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.

Interactions of Benzoin:
LithiumInteraction Rating: Moderate Be cautious with this combination.
Talk with your health provider.
Benzoin might have an effect like a water pill or "diuretic."

Taking benzoin might decrease how well the body gets rid of lithium.
This could increase how much lithium is in the body and result in serious side effects.
Talk with your healthcare provider before using this product if you are taking lithium.
Your lithium dose might need to be changed.

Uses of Benzoin:
Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for:
Swelling (inflammation) of the throat and airways.
Hoarseness (laryngitis).

Croup.
Skin ulcers.
Bedsores.

Cracked skin.
Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of benzoin for these uses.

Items used to furnish a home or workplace, e.g. tables, chairs, sofa, outdoor patio furniture, sofa cover, hammock, mattress, area rug
additive
flavouring
fragrance
fragrance component

Other Uses of Benzoin:
The gum is used as an antioxidant in cosmetics and a fixative in perfumes.
The better grades of benzoin are extracted for the manufacture of fragrant products.
These include personal health care products such as toilet soaps, shampoos, body lotions and creams; and household and other products such as liquid soaps, air fresheners and washing detergents.

One of the important functions of the gum is to serve as a fixative for the other fragrance materials, increasing the tenacity and preventing loss of the middle and top notes of the more volatile components.
The gum is used as an incense or for making joss sticks.
Most commonly, small or crushed pieces of the raw benzoin, in semi-processed block form, are simply placed on an open fire, either in the house or in the place of worship.
Sometimes Benzoin is mixed with other natural fragrance resins such as frankincense (Boswellia spp.), myrrh (Copaifera spp.) and storax (Liquidambar orientalis).

Benzoin is the sap (gum resin) that comes from cuts in the trunk of trees that belong to the Styrax family.

KEYWORDS:
119-53-9, 204-331-3, Aerozoin, Phenyl-alpha-hydroxybenzyl ketone, NCI-C50011, Acetophenone 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-, FEMA No. 2132, Benzoin gum, NSC 8082, Wy 42956

Specifications of Benzoin:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 130 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 136 °C
Identity (IR): passes test

Product Information of Benzoin:
CAS number: 119-53-9
EC number: 204-331-3
Hill Formula: C₁₄H₁₂O₂
Chemical formula: C₆H₅CH(OH)COC₆H₅
Molar Mass: 212.25 g/mol
HS Code: 2914 40 90
Quality Level: MQ200

Physicochemical Information of Benzoin:
Boiling point: 344 °C (1023 hPa)
Density: 1.3 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 135 - 137 °C
Vapor pressure: 1.3 hPa (136 °C)
Bulk density: 350 kg/m3
Solubility: 0.3 g/l
Quality Level
100

Properties of Benzoin:
assay: 98%
form: powder
mp: 153-155 °C (lit.)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
SMILES string: O\N=C(\C(O)c1ccccc1)c2ccccc2
InChI: 1S/C14H13NO2/c16-14(12-9-5-2-6-10-12)13(15-17)11-7-3-1-4-8-11/h1-10,14,16-17H/b15-13+
InChI key: WAKHLWOJMHVUJC-FYWRMAATSA-N

Molecular Weight: 212.24
XLogP3: 2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 212.083729621
Monoisotopic Mass: 212.083729621
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 16
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 225
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Substituents of Benzoin:
Benzoin
Alkyl-phenylketone
Phenylketone
Benzoyl
Aryl ketone
Aryl alkyl ketone
Acyloin
Monocyclic benzene moiety
Benzenoid
Alpha-hydroxy ketone
Secondary alcohol
Ketone
Organooxygen compound
Organic oxide
Organic oxygen compound
Alcohol
Aromatic alcohol
Hydrocarbon derivative
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Synonyms of Benzoin:
BENZOIN
119-53-9
2-Hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone
2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone
Benzoylphenylcarbinol
Ethanone, 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenyl-
Phenylbenzoyl carbinol
(+-)-Benzoin
DL-BENZOIN
alpha-Hydroxybenzyl phenyl ketone
Bitter almond oil camphor
2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one
579-44-2
alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-phenylacetophenone
Aerozoin
Phenyl-alpha-hydroxybenzyl ketone
NCI-C50011
Acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-
FEMA No. 2132
Benzoin gum
NSC 8082
Wy 42956
Hydroxy-2-phenyl acetophenone
2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenyl-ethanone
2-hydroxy-1,2-di(phenyl)ethanone
MFCD00004496
a-Hydroxybenzyl phenyl ketone
CHEMBL190677
CHEBI:17682
2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenyl ethanone
NSC-8082
Phenyl-.alpha.-hydroxybenzyl ketone
Ketone, .alpha.-hydroxybenzyl phenyl
NCGC00091396-02
.alpha.-Hydroxy-.alpha.-phenylacetophenone
DSSTox_CID_144
DSSTox_RID_75397
DSSTox_GSID_20144
DL-Benzoin; Desyl alcohol;(+/-)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone
Bitter-almond-oil camphor
CCRIS 75
CAS-119-53-9
(RS)-Benzoin
HSDB 384
Ketone, alpha-hydroxybenzyl phenyl
EINECS 204-331-3
EINECS 209-441-5
Fenyl-alpha-hydroxybenzylketon [Czech]
benzoine
BRN 0391839
Fenyl-alpha-hydroxybenzylketon
WY-42956
AI3-00851
Benzoin absolute
CCRIS 9123
Alpha-hydroxy-a-phenylacetophenone
PhCH(OH)COPh
PhCOCH(OH)Ph
Benzoin, 98%
(+/-)-benzoin
(1)-2-Hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one
Benzoin, >=98%
(.+/-.)-Benzoin
WLN: QYR&VR
SCHEMBL145
EC 204-331-3
Hyperabsolute benzoin, Siam
Benzoin, analytical standard
Oprea1_687165
4-08-00-01279 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS002152893
a-Hydroxy-a-phenylacetophenone
FEMA No. 2133
2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone
DTXSID1020144
Fenyl-.alpha.-hydroxybenzylketon
BDBM22728
FEMA 2132
HSDB 1929
NSC8082
alpha -Hydroxybenzyl phenyl ketone
HMS3039I03
Phenyl-alpha -hydroxybenzyl ketone
.alpha.-Hydroxybenzyl phenyl ketone
HY-B1550
Tox21_111126
Tox21_201888
Tox21_302790
STK358785
AKOS000118894
AKOS016038141
Tox21_111126_1
2-Hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone, 9CI
Benzoin 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
CS-W020562
DB14020
MCULE-7039379354
alpha -Hydroxy-alpha -phenylacetophenone
NCGC00091396-01
NCGC00091396-03
NCGC00091396-05
NCGC00256433-01
NCGC00259437-01
AC-11139
Benzoin, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
BS-14748
SMR001224505
DB-018065
B0079
B0222
Benzoin Zone Refined (number of passes:40)
Benzoin, purified by sublimation, >=99.5%
FT-0612530
FT-0626841
FT-0635908
FT-0635909
C01408
D77908
A804309
AE-848/06163047
Ethanone, 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenyl-, (.+/-.)-
Q426819
SR-01000854680
J-004149
J-509605
SR-01000854680-2
Z57160197
F0001-0307
Ethanone, 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenyl-, mixt. with aloe, storax and Tolu Balsam, tincture

(±)-2-Hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone
(±)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone
(±)-Benzoin
(±)-Benzoin
(ï¿½)-Benzoin
(RS)-Benzoin
1,2-Diphenyl-1-hydroxy-2-ethanone
119-53-9 [RN]
204-331-3 [EINECS]
2-Hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanon [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Hydroxy-1,2-diphényléthanone [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetophenone
Benzoin [Wiki]
Benzoin [German]
BENZOIN, (-)-
BENZOIN, (±)-
Benzoína [Spanish]
Benzoína [Portuguese]
Benzoino [Italian]
DL-BENZOIN
Ethanone, 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenyl- [ACD/Index Name]
Ketone, α-hydroxybenzyl phenyl
MFCD00004496 [MDL number]
Nisso Cure MB [Trade name]
α-Hydroxybenzyl Phenyl Ketone
α-Hydroxy-α-phenylacetophenone
α-Hydroxy-α-phenylacetophenone
ベンゾイン [Japanese]
安息香 [Chinese]
(±)-Benzoin
(2S,3S)-3-METHYLPYRROLIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID
2-hydroxy-1,2-di(phenyl)ethanone
2-Hydroxy-1,2-di-2-thienylethanone
2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenyl ethanone
2-Hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-on
2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one
2-Hydroxy-1,2-diphenyl-ethanone
2-Hydroxy-2-phenyl-Acetophenone
2-Hydroxy-2-pheylacetophenone
Acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-
Aerozoin
a-Hydroxybenzyl phenyl ketone
Anxixang
Benzoin resin absolute
BENZOIN-D10
Benzoyl phenyl carbinol
Benzoylphenylcarbinol
Bitter almond oil camphor
Ethanone, 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenyl-, (±)-
Fenyl-α-hydroxybenzylketon [Czech]
Fenyl-α-hydroxybenzylketon
Fenyl-α-hydroxybenzylketon
-Hydroxy-&α
hydroxy-2-phenyl acetophenone
Hydroxy-a-phenylacetophenone
Hydroxybenzyl phenyl ketone
Ketone, α-hydroxybenzyl phenyl
MFCD00082818 [MDL number]
Persian balsam
PhCH(OH)COPh
PhCOCH(OH)Ph
-phenylacetophenone
Phenylbenzoyl carbinol
Phenyl-α -hydroxybenzyl ketone
Phenyl-α-hydroxybenzyl ketone
Phenyl-α-hydroxybenzyl ketone
WLN: QYR&VR
α -Hydroxybenzyl phenyl ketone
α -Hydroxy-α -phenylacetophenone
α-hydroxy-a-phenylacetophenone
α-Hydroxybenzyl phenyl ketone

MeSH of Benzoin:
2 hydroxy 1,2 diphenylethanone
2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethanone
Benzoin