Butylated hydroxytoluene = BHT = dibutylhydroxytoluene = Butyl hydroxytoluene
CAS Number: 128-37-0
EC Number: 204-881-4
Chemical formula: C15H24O
Molar mass: 220.356 g/mol
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), also known as dibutylhydroxytoluene, is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol, that is useful for its antioxidant properties.
BHT is widely used to prevent free radical-mediated oxidation in fluids (e.g. fuels, oils) and other materials, and the regulations overseen by the U.S. F.D.A.—which considers BHT to be "generally recognized as safe"—allow small amounts to be added to foods.
BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) is a lab-made chemical that is added to foods as a preservative.
People also use Butylated hydroxytoluene as medicine.
BHT is used to treat genital herpes and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Some people apply BHT directly to the skin for cold sores.
BHT is used in various cosmetic products, including certain formulas containing fats or in aqueous emulsions containing certain active ingredients or plant extracts.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is an antioxidant used in certain products to stabilise and protect the raw materials themselves, and less as an ingredient in and of itself.
Butylated hydroxytoluene can resist high temperatures (unlike some natural antioxidants): Butylated hydroxytoluene is therefore very useful in certain raw material manufacturing processes.
We only use Butylated hydroxytoluene as an ingredient for Butylated hydroxytoluenes antioxidant properties, helping to protect the products from oxidation and ensure the quality and stability of formulas.
What is Butylated hydroxytoluene?
Butylated hydroxytoluene, commonly known as BHT, is an organic compound that is used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry as an antioxidant.
BHT is a substituted derivative of phenol.
BHT helps to prevent the formation of free radicals and oxidation.
When used in food products, Butylated hydroxytoluene delays oxidative rancidity of fats and oils, and prevents loss of activity of oil-soluble vitamins.
Butylated hydroxytoluene may be found in pharmaceutical gels, creams and liquid or gelatin capsules, tablets and other pharmaceutical dosage forms.
The ability of oral BHT to lead to cancer is a controversial topic, but most food industries have replaced it with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).
A large review from 2002 concluded that BHT is safe for use on the skin in cosmetics.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is used for food plastic, polymer material for packing food, grease product of animal and plant, in greases and lubricants of animal and plant, and other various food, grain and oil product and cosmetis.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is used in other industrial consumer products, polyamine resin materials , chemical synthetic product, industrial oil product, etc.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is the antioxidant stabilizer of good effect, low cost and good quality.
BHT is a general phenolic antioxidants, which is usually being used as food antioxidants, stabilizers to delay food spoilage in food grade plastic and food package.
Butylated hydroxytoluene can also be used as antioxidant invarious lubricants, gasoline, paraffin, and various crudeoil to prevent the increasing of acid rate and viscosity.
How does Butylated hydroxytoluene work ?
BHT is an antioxidant.
Butylated hydroxytoluene may damage the protective outer layer of viral cells.
Butylated hydroxytoluene may keep the viruses from multiplying and/or doing more damage.
USES & EFFECTIVENESS of Butylated hydroxytoluene:
Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for:
-Cold sores caused by a type of virus called herpes.
-Developing evidence suggests that putting BHT on cold sores may help them heal faster.
-Genital herpes.
-Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
-Other conditions.
-Animal feeds
-Cosmetics
-Embalming fluid
-Foods
-Beverages
-Gum
-Ice cream
-Fruits
-Cereal
-Butter
-Baked goods
-Snack food
-Dehydrated potato chips
-Beer
-Preserved meat
-Dessert mixes
-Glues
-Fuel additive
-Medicated creams and gels
-Paints
-Petrolatum products
-Plastic
-Rubber
Butylated hydroxytoluene is used for food plastic, polymer material for packing food, grease product of animal and plant, in greases and lubricants.
KEYWORDS:
Butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT, dibutylhydroxytoluene, Butyl hydroxytoluene, 128-37-0, 204-881-4, 2-6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, Ionol, BHToluen, DBPC
APPLICATIONS of Butylated hydroxytoluene:
-As food additive, Antioxidant.
-Household product ingredient.
-Industrial additive.
-Personal care product/cosmetic ingredient.
-Pesticide ingredient.
-Plastic/Rubber ingredient.
-Medical/Veterinary.
Primarily acts as an antioxidant food additive because of its ability to preserve fats.
In cosmetics, Butylated hydroxytoluene is also used as a preservative.
As an antioxidant, Butylated hydroxytoluene helps fight against the deterioration of cosmetic products caused by chemical reactions with oxygen.
Butylated hydroxytoluene's also known to work synergistically with other antioxidants.
Butylated hydroxytoluene's mostly used in makeup products such as eyeliner, lipstick, blush and foundation, but you can also find Butylated hydroxytoluene in various other cosmetic products like moisturizer, cleanser and perfume.
Natural occurrence
Phytoplankton, including the green algae Botryococcus braunii, as well as three different cyanobacteria (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Microcystis aeruginosa and Oscillatoria sp.) are capable of producing BHT as a natural product.
The fruit lychee also produces BHT in Butylated hydroxytoluenes pericarp.
Several fungi (example Aspergillus conicus) living in olives produce BHT.
Industrial production of Butylated hydroxytoluene:
The chemical synthesis of BHT in industry has involved the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene), catalyzed by sulfuric acid:
CH3(C6H4)OH + 2 CH2=C(CH3)2 → ((CH3)3C)2CH3C6H2OH
Alternatively, BHT has been prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation followed by hydrogenolysis.
Reactions of Butylated hydroxytoluene:
The species behaves as a synthetic analog of vitamin E, primarily acting as a terminating agent that suppresses autoxidation, a process whereby unsaturated (usually) organic compounds are attacked by atmospheric oxygen.
BHT stops this autocatalytic reaction by converting peroxy radicals to hydroperoxides.
Butylated hydroxytoluene effects this function by donating a hydrogen atom:
RO2• + ArOH → ROOH + ArO•
RO2• + ArO• → nonradical products where R is alkyl or aryl, and where ArOH is BHT or related phenolic antioxidants.
Each BHT consumes two peroxy radicals.
Applications of Butylated hydroxytoluene:
BHT is listed by the NIH Hazardous Substances Data Bank under several categories in catalogues and databases, such as food additive, household product ingredient, industrial additive, personal care product/cosmetic ingredient, pesticide ingredient, plastic/rubber ingredient and medical/veterinary/research.
Butylated hydroxytoluene as food additive
BHT is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive.
In the United States, Butylated hydroxytoluene is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) based on a National Cancer Institute study from 1979 in rats and mice.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is approved for use in the U.S. by the Food and Drug Administration: For example, 21 CFR § 137.350 allows BHT up to 0.0033% by weight in "enriched rice", while 9 CFR § 381.147] allows up to 0.01% in poultry "by fat content".
Butylated hydroxytoluene is permitted in the European Union under E321.
BHT is used as a preservative ingredient in some foods.
With this usage BHT maintains freshness or prevents spoilage; Butylated hydroxytoluene may be used to decrease the rate at which the texture, color, or flavor of food changes.
Some food companies have voluntarily eliminated BHT from their products or have announced that they were going to phase Butylated hydroxytoluene out.
Butylated hydroxytoluene as antioxidant
BHT is also used as an antioxidant in products such as metalworking fluids, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, rubber, transformer oils, and embalming fluid.
In the petroleum industry, where BHT is known as the fuel additive AO-29, Butylated hydroxytoluene is used in hydraulic fluids, turbine and gear oils, and jet fuels.
BHT is also used to prevent peroxide formation in organic ethers and other solvents and laboratory chemicals.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is added to certain monomers as a polymerisation inhibitor to facilitate their safe storage.
Some additive products contain BHT as their primary ingredient, while others contain the chemical merely as a component of their formulation, sometimes alongside butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).
Description of Butylated hydroxytoluene:
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a man-made chemical commonly used as a preservative in processed foods.
Similar to the synthetic preservative butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) with which Butylated hydroxytoluene is often used, BHT is an antioxidant that is soluble in oils and animal fats (it actually has greater solubility than does BHA).
Both BHA and BHT are used to extend shelf life of processed foods by reducing the occurrence of oxidation and rancidity.
Instead of being added directly to the food itself, BHT is usually added to the packaging material from where Butylated hydroxytoluene vaporizes into the food during storage.
Since Butylated hydroxytoluene may be classified as an incidental food additive when used in this manner, Butylated hydroxytoluene does not legally need to be listed with other ingredients on the food label.
Processed foods most likely to contain BHT include chewing gum, active dry yeast, frozen convenience foods, prepared cereal products, prepared snacks, dried and processed meat, potato flakes, enriched rice products and shortening.
BHT is also a chemical preservative used in animal feeds and drugs; therefore eatomg non-organic meats and dairy products may be another way in which exposure occurs.
In addition to Butylated hydroxytoluenes use in food preservation, BHA is also used in the manufacture of rubber, tires and petroleum and is an ingredient in some cosmetics.
While BHT is on the Federal Drug Administrations Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list of food additives, Butylated hydroxytoluene carries with it risk of toxicity.
Although not been enough research has been conducted involving humans to establish whether or not BHT is a carcinogen (chemical capable of causing cancer), limited evidence in animals suggests that BHT is carcinogenic.
Some of BHT's potential carcinogenicity may come from Butylated hydroxytoluenes ability to cause toxic disruption of cell signaling, a process where chemical information is transferred from one cell to another or between different structures within the same cell.
Proper cellular communication is not only important for optimal functioning of the bodys systems, but researchers now believe that poor communication between cells may be one of the causes of overgrowth of cells, a condition which eventually leads to cancer.
BHT has been found to have other some adverse effects in animals including inhibiting normal growth patterns and causing reversible liver enlargement.
At high levels in animals, BHT has caused significant brain and behavioral changes.
Since BHT has been found to inhibit the enzymes that white blood cells (phagocytes) use to destroy bacteria, BHT disrupts the proper functioning of the immune system.
Additionally, BHT seems to be capable of uncoupling a critical cellular energy-producing process known as phosphorylation with the result being a diminished supply of cellular energy available to power the cells, and therefore, the body.
Antioxidant used in foods, cosmetics, petroleum products, etc.
Butylated hydroxytoluene may inhibit some neoplasms and facilitate others.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene or BHT is a stabiliser that can be found in cosmetic products.
Butylated hydroxytoluene acts as an antioxidant that helps maintain the properties and performance of a product as Butylated hydroxytoluene is exposed to air (to avoid a change in odor, in color, in texture...).
To identify BHT in our products, take a look at the ingredients list on packaging.
Butylated hydroxytoluene can be found under the acronym BHT.
Sources
Instead of being added directly to the food itself, BHT is usually added to the packaging material from where Butylated hydroxytoluene can vaporize into the food during storage.
Since Butylated hydroxytoluene may be classified as an incidental food additive when used in this manner, Butylated hydroxytoluene does not legally need to be listed with other ingredients on the food label.
Processed foods most likely to feature BHT include chewing gum, active dry yeast, frozen convenience foods, prepared cereal products, prepared snacks, dried and processed meat, potato flakes, enriched rice products and shortening.
BHT is also a chemical preservative used in animal feeds and drugs; therefore consumption of non-organic meats and dairy products may be another vector for exposure.
In addition to Butylated hydroxytoluenes use in food preservation, BHA is also used in the manufacture of rubber, tires and petroleum and is an ingredient in some cosmetics.
Physical Effects of Butylated hydroxytoluene:
While BHT is on the Federal Drug Administrations Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) list of food additives, Butylated hydroxytoluene carries with Butylated hydroxytoluene risk of toxicity.
Although there has not been enough research conducted involving humans to establish whether or not BHT is a carcinogen (chemical capable of causing cancer) there is limited evidence in animals that BHT is carcinogenic.
Some of Butylated hydroxytoluenes potential carcinogenicity may come from its ability to cause toxic disruption of cell signaling, a process where chemical information is transferred from one cell to the other or between different structures within the same cell.
Proper cellular communication is not only important for optimal functioning of the bodys systems but researchers now believe that poor communication between cells may be one of the causes of overproliferation of cells, a condition which eventually leads to cancer.
BHT has been found to have other some adverse effects in animals including inhibiting normal growth patterns and causing reversible liver enlargement while at high levels, significant brain and behavioral changes have also been observed.
Since Butylated hydroxytoluene has been found to inhibit the enzymes that phagocytes (white blood cells) use to destroy bacteria, BHT disrupts the proper functioning of the immune system.
Additionally, BHT seems to be capable of uncoupling a cellular energy-producing process known as phosphorylation with the result being a diminished supply of cellular energy available to power the cells, and therefore, the body.
Preferred IUPAC name
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
We are among the pioneers in the industry, offering Butylated Hydroxytoluene to our esteemed customers.
The offered compound is a derivative of phenol and is widely utilized as a food additive.
This compound is formulated by our vendors using quality inputs, under hygienic environmental conditions.
Owing to Butylated hydroxytoluenes antioxidant properties, Butylated hydroxytoluene is highly appreciated by the customers.
Features of Butylated hydroxytoluene:
-Formulated using quality inputs
-Standard formulation
-Antioxidant properties
Why Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) is Restricted
-BHT is very toxic to aquatic life and is also a skin and eye irritant.
-BHT can be transferred from the plastic packaging to the fabric which can react with the nitrogen oxide in the air and in alkaline conditions can form nitrobenzenes.
This reaction can cause phenolic yellowing.
Although this can occur with all colors, Butylated hydroxytoluene is most visible with white and pastel colors.
Darker colors may appear duller in appearance.
-The solvent in the adhesive tape used to seal the packaging can leach the BHT out of the packaging film and onto the garment.
Other names
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene
DBPC
BHT
E321
AO-29
Avox BHT
Additin RC 7110
Dibutylated hydroxytoluene
4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol
3,5-(Dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxytoluene
Consumer Uses of Butylated hydroxytoluene:
Butylated hydroxytoluene is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases, plant protection products, adhesives and sealants, polishes and waxes, coating products and fertilisers.
Other release to the environment of Butylated hydroxytoluene is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS & WARNINGS
Pregnancy and breast-feeding: BHT is safe when eaten as food, but there's not enough information to know if Butylated hydroxytoluene's safe in the larger amounts that are used as medicine.
If you are pregnant or breast-feeding, stick with food amounts until more is known.
BHT Technical Grade
Butylated hydroxytoluene is used in technical application: manufacturing of wide range of polymeric materials and rubbers.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is a heat stabilizer for polyoefines, polystyrene, thermoplastic glue, coatings, ink; Butylated hydroxytoluene protects lubricating and transformation oils, petrol, different type of fuel from oxidation.
DOSING
The appropriate dose of BHT depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions.
At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for BHT.
Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important.
Be sure to follow relevant directions on product labels and consult your pharmacist or physician or other healthcare professional before using.
Use in foods
BHT was patented in 1947 and received approval of the Food and Drug Administration for use as a food additive and preservative in 1954.
BHT reacts with free radicals, slowing the rate of autoxidation in food, preventing changes in the food's color, odor, and taste.
BHT is found in cereal, chewing gum and food high in fats such as potato chips and shortening.
Controversy
Concerns have been raised about the use of BHT in food products.
The compound has been banned for use in food in Japan (1958), Romania, Sweden, and Australia.
The US has barred Butylated hydroxytoluene from infant foods.
Some food industries have voluntarily eliminated Butylated hydroxytoluene from their products.
However, BHT is also marketed as a health food supplement in capsule form.
In different studies, BHT has been reported to cure some cancers, but to encourage others.
BHT is well studied because of public concern over synthetic preservatives.
BHT was largely removed from food in the 1970s, to be replaced with the less well studied BHA.
CAS Number: 128-37-0
CHEBI:34247
ChEMBL: ChEMBL146
ChemSpider: 13835296
ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.439
EC Number: 204-881-4
E number: E321 (antioxidants, ...)
KEGGD: D02413
PubChem CID: 31404
RTECS number: GO7875000
UNII: 1P9D0Z171K
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2020216
General information about Butylated hydroxytoluene:
Butylated hydroxytoluene, a cresol derivative, is an additive used as an antioxidant in foods, such as packet cake mixes, potato crisps, salted peanuts, and dehydrated mashed potatoes.
In March 1990 the Danish Product Register included 440 products containing butylated hydroxytoluene; the content was below 50 ppm in 66% of these products; the main categories were paints/lacquers and hardeners for paints, glues, and fillers.
The safety of butylated hydroxytoluene, and of a number of other food additives, has been critically reviewed in a Danish study.
Chemical formula: C15H24O
Molar mass: 220.356 g/mol
Appearance: White to yellow powder
Odor: Slight, phenolic
Density: 1.048 g/cm3
Melting point: 70 °C (158 °F; 343 K)
Boiling point: 265 °C (509 °F; 538 K)
Solubility in water: 1.1 mg/L (20 °C)
log P: 5.32
Vapor pressure: 0.01 mmHg (20 °C)
Note: The chemical specifications for some items on this product page may differ from the specifications listed above.
For more information, consult the Safety Data Sheet or contact your Ward's representative.
Delivery information: Butylated hydroxytoluene is designed for educational and teaching laboratories, and no certificate of analysis is available
Butylated Hydroxy Toluene, butylhydroxytoluene, or BHT is a fat-soluble organic compound in a white powder form that is primarily used as an antioxidant food additive and cosmetics and, pharmaceuticals.
Technical applications include additives in jet fuels, rubber, petroleum products, electrical transformer oil, and embalming fluid. CAS # 128-37-0
Substance name:2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
Trade name:Butylated Hydroxy Toluene
EC no:204-881-4
CAS no:128-37-0
HS code:29153900
KH product code:100071
Formula:C15H24O
BHT is an antioxidant that prevents the oxidation of products, and in particular the fatty phase of formulas that are likely to rancor or degrade when in contact with the air.
Oxydation is a chemical reaction through which a componant of the formula react with the oxygen.
Butylated hydroxytoluene enables to maintain the properties and performance of a product when exposed to air.
We use BHT at an optimal and regulated concentration level: 0.1% in leave-on products and 0.5% in rinse-off products.
The safety of our products and ingredients is an absolute priority.
We only market products that are safe which have been subject to a very strict evaluation of their quality and safety by internal and third party experts.
As part of our commitment to continuous improvement, we are working with our suppliers to stop the use of BHT as a protecting agent of raw materials.
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
Butylated hydroxytoluene
128-37-0
Butylhydroxytoluene
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol
Ionol
BHT
DBPC
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), chemically 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (DBPC), is a white crystalline solid with a faint characteristic odor.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is insoluble in water and in propylene glycol, but is freely soluble in alcohol.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is obtained by alkylation of p-cresol with isobutene or by monobutylation of m,p-cresol mixtures.
BHT is used as a chemical antioxidant for food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals much like butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).
BHA is insoluble in water, but is freely soluble in alcohol and in propylene glycol.
BHA is the mixture of 3-tert-buryl-4-hydroxyanisole (typically 90% w/w) and 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole.
These phenol derivatives react with the free radicals (called free radical scavengers) can slow the rate of autoxidation that can lead to changes in the food's color and taste.
Other antioxidants for food are phosphoric acid, citric acid, gallic acid, ascorbic acid and their esters which form complexes with the pro-oxidative metal traces.
Antimicrobial process is also important in preserving foods.
BHT and BHA are used as an antioxidant in plastics, elastomers and petroleum (lubes, greases and waxes), practically bigger market size than food field.
BHT is also used as a stabilizer to inhibit the auto-polymerization of organic peroxides.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ANTIOXIDANT: Antioxidant is a substance added in small quantities to hydrocarbons which are susceptible to oxidation, such as rubbers, plastics, foods, and oils to inhibit or slow oxidative processes, while being itself oxidized.
Antioxidants work in two different ways.
In primary antioxidants (also called free-radical scavengers), antioxidative activity is implemented by the donation of an electron or hydrogen atom to a radical derivative.
These antioxidants are usually hindered amines (p-Phenylene diamine, trimethyl dihydroquinolines, alkylated diphenyl amines) or substituted phenolic compounds with one or more bulky functional groups such as a tertiary butyl at 2,6 position commonly.
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a common example of hindered phenolic antioxidant.
The reaction rate, or carbocation stability, in SN1 mechanism is 3° > 2° > 1° > CH3 (no SN1) so, tertiary alkyl moiety exists in lots of phenolic antioxidant compounds.
Primary antioxidants are free radical scavengers which combine with peroxy radicals and break autocatalytic cycle.
In secondary antioxidants ( also called peroxide decomposers), activity is implemented by the removal of an oxidative catalyst and the consequent prevention of the initiation of oxidation.
Examples of peroxide decomposer type of antioxidant are trivalent phosphorous and divalent sulfurcontaining compound such as sulfides, thiodipropionates and organophosphites.
Synergistic effect is expected when primary antioxidants are used together with secondary antioxidants as primary antioxidants are not very effective against the degradation by UV oxidation.
Sometimes, chelating agents are added to scavenge metal impurities which can initiate decomposition.
Dibunol
Stavox
Ionol CP
Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-
Impruvol
Topanol
Dalpac
Deenax
Ionole
Description: BHT = butylated hydroxy-toluene (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol).
Melting point 70°C (158°F). Purity 99%. Off white to yellowish crystals, characteristic odor.
Insoluble in water. Partly soluble in ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol and oils.
CAS: 128-37-0.
INCI Name: Butylated hydroxytoluene
Benefits:
Neutralizes free oxygen radicals and acts as potent antioxidant
Prevents auto-oxidation of organic materials (prevents rancidity of fats & oils)
Extends shelf-life & stabilizes colorants of cosmetics
Use: Add to fat phase, typical usage 0.01-0.1%, best used in combination with EDTA. For external use only.
Applications: For stabilizing all kinds of cosmetics like creams, lotions, shampoos, makeup & sunscreen products.
Country of Origin: USA
Raw material source: P-cresol and isobutylene
Manufacture: BHT is produced by the reaction of p-cresol (4-methylphenol) with isobutylene (2-methylpropene) catalyzed by sulfuric acid.
butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) retard the development of rancidity produced by oxidation in margarine, shortening, and a variety of foods containing fats and oils.
Antibiotics such as the tetracyclines are used to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria
What are some products that may contain butylhydroxytoluene (bht)?
-Bar Soaps
-Body Washes
-Cosmetics
-Deodorants
-Hair Care
-Household Products
-Liquids/Creams/Lotions
-Powders
-Shaving Products
-Sunscreen
-Toothpaste
BHA is a white or pale yellow waxy solid with a faint pleasant odor.
BHT is a white crystalline solid. Both compounds are members of the phenol family of organic compounds.
The phenols are compounds containing a benzene ring of six carbon atoms to which is attached at least one hydroxyl (-OH) group.
Vianol
Antioxidant KB
3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene
Antioxidant 4K
Sumilizer BHT
Topanol O
Topanol OC
Vanlube PC
Antioxidant DBPC
Sustane BHT
Tenamene 3
Vanlube PCX
Antioxidant 29
Antioxidant 30
Nonox TBC
What is Butylated hydroxytoluene?
BHA and BHT are used as preservatives (antioxidants) in foods, cosmetics, medicaments, and in industry.
Antioxidents protect from oxidation which lead to a rancid odor & color changes in some foods
How can I avoid Butylated hydroxytoluene?
Skin contact with BHA and BHT is required for it to cause a rash.
Discontinuation of exposure to products containing BHA and BHT should result in improvement and/or resolution of your dermatitis.
By law, all products made in the US for topical use have the ingredients listed either on the product package or the box that contains Butylated hydroxytoluene, so check the labeling of you skin care products for this ingredient.
If there is no information ask your pharmacist.
At work, request a material safety data sheet (MSDS) to help identify potential sources of exposure
Other names:
Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-
p-Cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-
Advastab 401
Antioxidant DBPC
Antioxidant KB
Antioxidant 29
Antioxidant 30
Antioxidant 4K
AO 29
AO 4K
Butylhydroxytoluene
BHT
BUKS
Catalin Antioxydant 1
Catalin CAO-3
Chemanox 11
Butylated Hydroxytoluene Benefits
Antimicrobial Properties: Butylated hydroxytoluenes strong antimicrobial properties prevent the spread of viruses and bacteria that damage your skin.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene is not only a good addition to makeup products like eyeliners, blush, lipsticks, foundations but it can also be used in cosmetic applications like skin cleansers, creams, moisturizers, etc.
Contain Antioxidant: Butylated Hydroxytoluene can also be added as a preservative in skincare products and cosmetic products as Butylated hydroxytoluene contains potent antioxidants that prevent the deterioration of formulas due to reactions of other ingredients with oxygen.
Butylated hydroxytoluene used in Cosmetic Formulations: BHT also offers some penetration ability to the cosmetic formulas.
Still, the penetration isn’t deep enough, and therefore, you might have to combine Butylated Hydroxytoluene with other cosmetic raw materials that improve the delivery of active ingredients.
Cosmetic Stabilizer: Butylated Hydroxytoluene has a neutralizing effect on free oxygen radicals that might prove to be hazardous for your skin.
Butylated hydroxytoluene negates the chances of cosmetic ingredients going rancid.
BHT also stops or slows down the deterioration of fats and oils in cosmetic formulations.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene is also used to stabilize color cosmetics by stabilizing the colorants used in them.
Where is butylhydroxytoluene (bht) found?
Butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) is an antioxidant food additive and is also found in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, jet fuels, rubber, petroleum products, and embalming fluid.
How to Use Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT)?
Butylated Hydroxytoluene should be added when the formula is in the fat phase, and the typical use level can be between 0.01 to 0.1%.
For best results, combine Butylated hydroxytoluene with EDTA.
Raw Material Source: Isobutylene & P-cresol
Manufacturing Process: Butylated hydroxytoluene is produced from P-cresol and Isobutylene by using sulfuric acid as a catalyst.
Chemical Formula: C15H24O
CAS Number: 128-37-0
INCI Name: Butylated Hydroxytoluene
Molecular Weight: 220.35 g/mol
Boiling Point: 265 °C
Odor: Odourless
Color: White to pale yellow
Grade Standard: Industrial Grade
Shelf Life: 24 months
Alternative Names: dibutylhydroxytoluene
Solubility: Yes
Applications: Creams, lotions, makeup products, sunscreens, shampoos, etc. might contain this ingredient due to its stabilizing properties.
CAO 1
CAO 3
Dalpac
Deenax
Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol
Di-tert-butylcresol
Dibunol
Dibutylated hydroxytoluene
DBPC
Impruvol
Ionol
Chemical Identity:
Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT)
2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol
C15H24O
CAS# 128-37-0
General Information:
Trade names: Agidol, Ionol, Naugard BHT, Vanlube PCX, CAO-3 Antioxidant, Lowinox BHT.
Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) is a manufactured antioxidant (preservative) commonly used in plastics, rubber, petroleum products, foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
BHT, is the most prevalent and approved antioxidant in the world.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is known to be effective and safe in a great variety of hydrocarbon-products.
BHT has been approved for use in foods and food packaging in low concentrations by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
In Europe Butylated hydroxytoluene is well known antioxidant under E321 index.
As an antioxidant, BHT preserves organic materials by reducing the effects of time, heat and light.
BHT is generally manufactured by reacting para-cresol and iso- butylene in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Alternatively, BHT is prepared from 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by hydroxymethylation or aminomethylation followed by hydrogenolysis.
Butylated hydroxytoluene uses:
Some common uses of BHT include: Plastics—Comprising over 65% of the worldwide application of BHT, plastics require the BHT antioxidant to stabilize the polymer during processing and protect it throughout the service life of the finished product.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is recognized as safe and is approved for use in plastic food containers and wrappings.
Rubbers & Elastomers—BHT is a non-staining, non- discoloring antioxidant and is used in conjunction with other antioxidants in white and light-colored rubber products.
Lubricating & Specialty Oils—BHT is an effective stabilizer and antioxidant for synthetic oils and fluids such as cutting, spindle, hydraulic and slushing oils, transformer oils, transmission fluids, and brake fluids.
Industrial Fats, Oils & Fatty Acids—BHT prevents the development of rancidity in animal and vegetable fats and oils.
Bio-Diesel Fuel Blends—BHT is an effective antioxidant to prevent rancidity in bio-diesel fuel blends at concentrations of less than 0.1%.
Linseed, Soy, & Other Plant-Derived Oils— BHT is used in various plant-derived oils as an antioxidant for industrial uses such as printing ink bases.
Printing Inks and Coatings— BHT serves as an anti- skinning agent in paints and inks.
Ionol (Antioxidant)
Ionol CP
Ionol 1
Ionole
Nonox TBC
P 21
Parabar 441
Stavox
Sumilizer BHT
Sustane BHT
Tenamene 3
There is some controversy around BHT.
Butylated hydroxytoluene's not a new ingredient, Butylated hydroxytoluene has been used both as a food and cosmetics additive since the 1970s.
Plenty of studies tried to examine if Butylated hydroxytoluene's a carcinogen or not.
This Truth in Aging article details the situation and also writes that all these studies examine BHT when taken orally.
SMILES: Cc1cc(c(O)c(c1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C
InChi Code: InChI=1S/C15H24O/c1-10-8-11(14(2,3)4)13(16)12(9-10)15(5,6)7/h8-9,16H,1-7H3
InChi Key: NLZUEZXRPGMBCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a derivative of cresol, an aromatic organic compound in which two additional hydrogen atoms in the benzene ring are replaced by tertiary butyl groups.
Butylated hydroxytoluenes technical name is 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.
In Butylated hydroxytoluenes pure form BHT is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of 158°F (70°C) and a boiling point of 509°F (265°C).
Butylated hydroxytoluene is normally insoluble in water, but for commercial applications, Butylated hydroxytoluene can be converted to a soluble form.
Tenox BHT
Topanol
Topanol O
Topanol OC
Vanlube PC
Vanlube PCX
Vianol
Butylated hydroxytoluene in food
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant authorized for use in fats and oils, only for the professional manufacture of heat-treated food, in frying oil and frying fat (excluding olive pomace oil) and in lard, fish oil, beef, poultry and sheep fat 19).
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is permitted alone or in combination with other antioxidants such as gallates, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) in amounts up to 100 mg/kg expressed as fat.
In addition, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is permitted in chewing gum alone or in combination with the aforementioned antioxidants at a maximum level of 400 mg/kg chewing gum 20).
No data on the actual levels of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in foods have been found during literature searches in the databases ToxNet, PubMed and CAPlus, or on the web pages of the Food Standards Agency of Great Britain.
The Danish Veterinary and Food Administration has reported a project on monitoring and control of food additives in which butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) levels were analyzed in 122 samples of emulsified and non-emulsified sauces (dressings, ketchup etc.) and fruit- and vegetable preparations (chutney, tomato paste etc.).
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) was not identified in any of these samples 21).
2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene
4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene
4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol
2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl benzene
2,6-di-Butyl-para-cresol
2,6-di-tert-Butyl-methylphenol
o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol
Bht(food grade)
Butylated hydroxytoluol
Dbpc(technical grade)
BHT was first used as an antioxidant food additive in 1954.
An antioxidant is a substance that prevents the oxidation of materials with which it occurs.
BHT, therefore, prevents the spoilage of food to which it is added.
BHT has grown to be very popular among food processors and is now used in a great range of products that include breakfast cereals, chewing gum, dried potato flakes, enriched rice, potato chips, candy, sausages, freeze-dried meats, and other foods containing fats and oils.
BHT is sometimes used in conjunction with a related compound, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as a food additive.
DBMP
NCI-C03598
Paranox 441
1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene
2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol
4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol
4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol
Di-tert-Butylparamethylphenol
BHT (Butylated Hydroxtoluene) is a white crystalline solid, about the same granular size as household sugar.
BHT is used in products containing oils.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is useful in cosmetics like lipsticks, powders, personal care products, as well as in perfumes, moisturizers, and personal cleanliness products, skin cleansers, and skin care products
BHT is an antioxidant that helps delay rancidity of oils and fats in natural oils, food products and cosmetics.
Di-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol
2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol
Phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-
4-Methyl-2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol
Annulex BHT
Antrancine 8
Lowinox BHT
Nipanox BHT
Ralox BHT
Sustane
Sourcing Compliant Materials from Your Suppliers
-Contact your suppliers and explain that you require their manufactured materials to be compliant with the current AFIRM Packaging RSL limits.2
-Require suppliers to submit a confirmation of material compliance or a test report from a third-party laboratory.
-When materials are received, consider performing risk-based testing to ensure the current AFIRM Packaging RSL limits for BHT are met.
-Share this information sheet with your material suppliers so they have full visibility and understand your sourcing requirements.
Molecular Formula : C15H24O
Molecular Weight : 220.35
Part A
Storage : Room Temperature
Shelf Life : 60 Months
HSN Code : 29071290
IMDG Identification :UN No.:3077 , IMCO Class No.:9 , Packing Group:III
Storage:
Store in a cool, dry place.
Do not store in direct sunlight.
Keep container closed when not in use.
Handling: Wash thoroughly after handling.
Wash hands before eating.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse.
Use with adequate ventilation.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Avoid ingestion and inhalation.
Protection
Eyes:
Wear appropriate protective eyeglasses or chemical safety goggles as described by OSHA's eye and face protection regulations in 29 CFR 1910.133 or European Standard EN166.
Skin:
Wear appropriate protective gloves to prevent skin exposure.
Clothing:
Wear appropriate protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
Respirators
Follow the OSHA respirator regulations found in 29CFR 1910.134 or European Standard EN 149.
Always use a NIOSH or European Standard EN 149 approved respirator when necessary.
Small spills/leaks
Vacuum or sweep up material and place into a suitable disposal container.
Reduce airborne dust and prevent scattering by moistening with water.
Clean up spills immediately, using the appropriate protective equipment.
Avoid generating dusty conditions.
Provide ventilation.
Disposal code: 3
Stability
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Incompatibilities
Acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, oxidizing agents, bases, steel (corrodes it), brass, copper, copper alloys, and direct sunlight.
Decomposition
Carbon monoxide, irritating and toxic fumes and gases, carbon dioxide.
Vulkanox KB
BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene)
2,6-di-ter-butyl-4-methyl-phenol
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-para-methylphenol
2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT)
Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT)
Dibutylhydroxytoluene
Dibutylcresol
2,6-Bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol
2,6-Di(tert-butyl)hydroxytoluene
Ionol BHT
To use BHT in soapmaking, heat a portion of the oil(s) to be treated to 160+ and slowly stir the BHT into the oil.
When Butylated hydroxytoluene is totally dissolved and well mixed, stir the oil into the rest of your oils and stir well.
Always treat the oils before adding the lye/water to the oils.
Usage rate for BHT is .01% - .1% w/w (by weight), .05% w/w is typically used for treating soapmaking oils.
For treating 5 pounds of oils you would use approximately .04 oz. or 1.135g of BHT, or about 1 tsp.
For best results, use BHT with tetrasodium EDTA.
The EDTA ties up the metal ions and helps the BHT work better, but also BHT alone will tend to yellow the soap.
BHT can be used to treat oils for use in cosmetics other than soap.
Liquid oils with shorter shelf lives are best treated as soon as you receive or open them.
BHT, although used a small amount in foods, and in soap making, is more widely used in fuels and oils.
BHT works very well to reduce the oxidation of biodiesel and should be used especially when biodiesel is expected to be stored over a long period of time.
Biodiesel that's exposed to air will become oxidized or rancid, and can corrode engine parts and reduce the life of an engine and its fuel system components.
To use BHT with Biodiesel, first dissolve 200g of BHT into 800g of Biodiesel to make a 20% solution.
Next, filter the solution down to 10 micron or less to remove any residue remaining in the solution.
This makes Butylated hydroxytoluene easy for proper mixing into your stored biodiesel.
BHT Swanox
Agidol
2,6-di-ter-butul-4-methyl-phenol
4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert.-butylphenol
Di-ter-butyl p-cresol
butylated OH tolueno
Dibutyl-p-cresol
Ergotamine, dihydro-, monomethanesulfonate (salt)
Hydagen DEO (Salt/Mix)
Sourcing Compliant Formulations from Your Chemical Suppliers
-For all formulations, request SDS documentation that meets current GHS requirements.
-Contact your chemical suppliers and explain that you require formulations with no intentionally-added BHT.
-Discuss with your chemical supplier whether any safer alternatives are available that are suitable substitutes for your production needs.
-Check the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) of all chemical formulations to ensure that BHT is not listed as an ingredient.
-Perform risk-based checks of your chemical suppliers’ formulations by submitting samples to a third-party laboratory for testing to ensure the BHT limits are not exceeded.
-Prior to procuring any formulation, the chemical properties must be reviewed to ensure that proper protective equipment, chemical storage facilities, facility engineering controls, and associated treatment/disposal facilities are appropriate for the chemical(s)
Tenox BHT
Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
Chemanox 11
2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methylphenol
Ionol 1
Agidol
Catalin CAO-3
Advastab 401
Ionol (antioxidant)
BUKS
Parabar 441
Paranox 441
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-cresol
Catalin antioxydant 1
Antrancine 8
Butylated hydroxytoluol
Butylated Hydroxy Toluene is a non-staining, hindered phenolic antioxidant commonly used in a wide variety of applications including plastics, elastomers, petroleum products, and food.
Available in several physical forms, including crystalline.
Vulkanox KB
Dibutylated hydroxytoluene
Ional
2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol
AO 4K
CAO 1
CAO 3
Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol
o-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol
4-Methyl-2,6-tert-butylphenol
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methylbenzene
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol
AO 29
NCI-C03598
Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) is probably the most efficient anti-oxidant used in perfumery.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is almost odourless in use but as a pure white to off-white crystalline powder has a very faint musty cresylic phenolic odour.
Butylated hydroxytoluene used from 0.1% in citrus oils, alipihatic aldehydes, fixed oils and many other oxygen sensitive materials, compounds and finished products it can greatly extend their shelf and odour life and also slow down, but not completely stop, colour changes.
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is an antioxidant used in a variety of products.
Intended uses include products like food, animal feed, cosmetics, packaging materials, pharmaceuticals, polymers and paints.
BHT toxicity is generally considered as being low.
Since BHT is used in many near consumer products population wide exposure is expected.
2,6-DI-T-BUTYL-P-CRESOL
4-Methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol
Butyl hydroxy toluene
2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol
4-Hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyltoluene
MFCD00011644
FEMA No. 2184
P 21
Bht(food grade)
4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol
1-Hydroxy-4-methyl-2,6-di-tert-butylbenzene
Di-tert-butylcresol
UNII-1P9D0Z171K
Butylated hydroxytoluene (bht)
Dbpc(technical grade)
E321
p-Cresol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-
2,6-ditert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol
CHEMBL146
CHEBI:34247
Butylated hydroxytoluene, commonly known as BHT, is an organic compound that is used in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industry as an antioxidant.
BHT is a substituted derivative of phenol.
BHT helps to prevent the formation of free radicals and oxidation.
When used in food products, Butylated hydroxytoluene delays oxidative rancidity of fats and oils, and prevents loss of activity of oil-soluble vitamins.
Butylated hydroxytoluene may be found in pharmaceutical gels, creams and liquid or gelatin capsules, tablets and other pharmaceutical dosage forms.
The ability of oral BHT to lead to cancer is a controversial topic, but most food industries have replaced Butylated hydroxytoluene with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA).
BHT was first used as an antioxidant food additive in 1954.
BHT does have other commercial uses, as in animal feeds and in the manufacture of synthetic rubber and plastics, where Butylated hydroxytoluene also acts as an antioxidant.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has deemed that BHT is safe enough when used in limited concentrations.
Butylated hydroxytoluene currently permits Butylated hydroxytoluenes use in concentrations of about 0.01% to 0.02% in most foods.
As an emulsion stabilizer in shortening, Butylated hydroxytoluene may be used in a somewhat higher concentration, 200 parts per million.
1P9D0Z171K
NSC-6347
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol
2,6-bis(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol
NCGC00091761-03
Kerabit
Tonarol
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 99%
DSSTox_CID_216
Antioxidant MPJ
Antioxidant 4
Toxolan P
Alkofen BP
Swanox BHT
Description of Butylated hydroxytoluene:
White to pale-yellow, crystalline solid with a slight, phenolic odor; (food preservative); [NIOSH]
Sources/Uses of Butylated hydroxytoluene:
Butylated hydroxytoluene is used as an anti-oxidant in gasoline, oils, waxes, rubbers, paints, and plastics; purified forms are used as anti-oxidants in foods; Used as an "anti-skinning agent in paints and inks"; BHT is a preservative and anti-oxidant used in food, cosmetics, and medications.
Industrial applications include: animal feeds, jet fuels, rubber, plastics, paints, and glues.
Comments
Permitted in food at levels up to 200 ppm; Despite Butylated hydroxytoluenes widespread use, BHT is a rare skin sensitizer; Percent positive patch test responses were 0.1% in a US series in 1992-4; Contact urticaria has been reported; May have effects on the liver;
Tenamen 3
Antox QT
Antioxidant 264
DSSTox_RID_75440
Agidol 1
DSSTox_GSID_20216
Bht (food grade)
Antioxidant T 501
Nocrac 200
Caswell No. 291A
Dbpc (technical grade)
Annulex BHT
AOX 4K
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is a synthetic antioxidant that is widely used as an additive in foodstuffs to prevent spoiling.
The physical-chemical properties of BHT and many related phenols have been examined previously although the mechanisms by which Butylated hydroxytoluene exerts Butylated hydroxytoluenes antioxidant properties are poorly understood.
The reactivity of BHT with singlet oxygen [O2(1 delta g)] and a number of radical species has been examined using the techniques of time resolved luminescence and pulse radiolysis.
In benzene solution BHT reacted with O2(1 delta g) at a bimolecular rate constant of 1.3 x 10(6)M-1s-1.
The one-electron oxidized, phenoxyl type BHT radical was generated using pulse radiolysis and the absorption spectrum showed a maximum at 400 nm.
BHT reacts slowly with many radical species and upper limits for the bimolecular rate constant for reaction with several electron transfer processes are presented.
The antioxidant role of BHT is discussed in terms of its reactivity, localization, and stability.
AOX 4
CAS-128-37-0
Butylohydroksytoluenu
CCRIS 103
Butylohydroksytoluenu [Polish]
Ionol CP-antioxidant
1,3-Dioxolane, 99.5+%, pure, stabilized
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 99.8%
Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (VAN)
HSDB 1147
BHT 264
NSC 6347
EINECS 204-881-4
2,6-Di-terc.butyl-p-kresol [Czech]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 022105
Dibutylcresol
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylhydroxybenzene
Popol
AI3-19683
4-Methyl-2,6-di-terc. butylfenol [Czech]
Lowinox BHT
Nipanox BHT
1,3-Dioxolane, 99.8%, anhydrous, stabilized with 75 ppm BHT, AcroSeal(R)
BHT Swanox
BHT, food grade
4-Methyl-2,6-di-t-butyl-phenol
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and the related compound butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) are phenolic compounds that are often added to foods to preserve fats and oils and keep them from becoming rancid.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is added to food, cosmetics, and packing of products that contain fats to maintain nutrient levels, color, flavor, and odor. BHT is also sold as a dietary supplement for use as an antioxidant.
The chemicals are found in an extensive list of products, yet there is concern about their safety.
Take a look at the chemical properties of these molecules, how they work, and why their use is controversial.
BHA Characteristics
BHA is a mixture of the isomers 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole.
Also known as BOA, tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methoxyphenol, tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, antioxyne B, and under various trade names
Molecular formula C11H16O2
White or yellowish waxy solid
Faint characteristic aromatic odor
BHT Characteristics
Also known as 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene; methyl-di-tert-butyl phenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol
Molecular formula C15H24O
White powder
How Do They Preserve Food?
BHA and BHT are antioxidants.
Oxygen reacts preferentially with BHA or BHT rather than oxidizing fats or oils, thereby protecting them from spoilage.
In addition to being oxidizable, BHA and BHT are fat-soluble.
Both molecules are incompatible with ferric salts.
In addition to preserving foods, BHA and BHT are also used to preserve fats and oils in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
What Foods Contain BHA and BHT?
BHA is generally used to keep fats from becoming rancid.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is also used as a yeast de-foaming agent.
BHA is found in butter, meats, cereals, chewing gum, baked goods, snack foods, dehydrated potatoes, and beer.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is also found in animal feed, food packaging, cosmetics, rubber products, and petroleum products.
Butylhydroxytoluenum
Ionol BHT
Ralox BHT
2, food grade
Butylated hydroxytoluene [BAN:NF]
Dibutyl-para-cresol
butylated-hydroxytoluene
PubChem20842
Spectrum_001790
ACMC-1BUTL
SpecPlus_000768
Methyldi-tert-butylphenol
Spectrum3_001849
Spectrum5_001612
Hydagen DEO (Salt/Mix)
EC 204-881-4
2,6-di-Butyl-para-cresol
2.6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol
SCHEMBL3950
2,6-ditert-butyl-p-cresol
p-Cresol,6-di-tert-butyl-
Di-tert-Butylparamethylphenol
BSPBio_003238
KBioSS_002281
2,6-di-tert.butyl-p-cresol
Di-tert-Butyl-4-methylphenol
MLS000069425
BIDD:ER0031
Butylated hydroxytoluene (NF)
DivK1c_006864
SPECTRUM1600716
2,6-bis-tert-butyl-p-cresol
BHT protects pheromones by reacting much faster with free radicals than the pheromones do.
Once formed, the phenolic free radical of BHT forms an inactive dimer or reacts once more with a free radical, terminating the chain.
Since BHT terminates a free radical chain reaction, Butylated hydroxytoluene is called a free radical scavenger or quencher.
Addition of BHT to a pheromone formulation can increase the lifespan of the double bond system from 2 weeks to 8 weeks.
2,6-di-tert-butyl-paracresol
BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene)
2,6-di-tert. butyl-p-cresol
2,6-di-tert.-butyl-p-cresol
INS NO.321
2,6-di-tert-butyl-para-cresol
2,6-di-tert-Butyl-methylphenol
2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methylphenol
DTXSID2020216
2,6-di-t butyl-4-methylphenol
2.6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol
FEMA 2184
KBio1_001808
KBio2_002280
KBio2_004848
KBio2_007416
KBio3_002738
Butylated hydroxytoluene Uses/Applications:
BHT, one of the best antioxidants in food, has been widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, jet fuel, rubber.
Due to Butylated hydroxytoluenes strong antioxidant effect (5-7 times better than BHA, BHT, PG), Butylated hydroxytoluene is ideal for use in foods containing animal and vegetable fats especially for oil blends. salad and cooking oil.
BHT has the effect of slowing down oil oxidation and improving the stability of food products, thus extending the shelf life of greases and fatty foods.
BHT prevents fat oxidation.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is commonly used to preserve food's odor, color, and flavor.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is also added directly to shorten the oxidation of coke, milk and dairy products.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is good in stabilizing animal fats, meat, fish.
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylenol
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4methylphenol
2,6-di-tert-butyl4-methylphenol
2,6-di-tertbutyl-4-methylphenol
2,6-ditert.butyl-4-methylphenol
Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT)
INS-321
NSC6347
2,6-Di(tert-butyl)hydroxytoluene
2,6-di(t-butyl)-4-methylphenol
2,6-di-t- butyl-4-methylphenol
2,6-di-t-butyl 4-methyl phenol
2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol
2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl-phenol
3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene
HMS2091E21
HMS2231M22
HMS3369G17
HMS3750M21
Pharmakon1600-01600716
BHT is an antioxidant due to its ability to scavenge free radicals.
Free radicals are very reactive species characterized by unpaired electrons.
Free radicals initiate a chain reaction, reacting many times until the chain is terminated by electron pairing.
Free radicals can be formed by thermal cleavage of a hydrocarbon chain or hydrocarbon reaction with oxygen or light.
Oxygen reacts with the double bonds present in insect pheromones forming peroxides.
The peroxide bond is weak and is photochemically or thermally cleaved into two free radicals.
At higher temperatures molecular oxygen can react directly with a hydrocarbon, removing a hydrogen atom and producing a free radical.
2,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol
2,6-di-tert-butyl 4-methylphenol
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4 methylphenol
2,6-di-tert-butyl4-methyl phenol
2,6-di-tert.butyl-4-methylphenol
2,6-ditert.-butyl-4-methylphenol
2.6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
4-methyl-2,6-di-tert.butylphenol
2,6-di-ter-butyl-4-methyl-phenol
2,6-Di-tert.-Butyl4-methylphenol
2,6-ditertiarybutyl-4-methylphenol
2.6-di- t-butyl- 4-methylphenol
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenol) is a commonly used antioxidant allowed in foods in amounts up to 0.02% of the weight of fat present.
BHT helps prevent undesirable oxidation reactions from occurring by acting as a free radical scavenger.
BHT is also used as a stabilizer in pesticides, gasolines and lubricants, soaps and cosmetics, and as an antiskinning agent in paints and inks.
As a class of chemical compounds, quinone methides have been shown to react with cellular nucleophiles including amines, carbohydrates, alcohols, thiols, and olefins.
AMY40200
HY-Y0172
STR04334
ZINC1481993
2,6 -di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
2,6-di(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, 8CI
2,6-di-tert.-butyl-4-methylphenol
Tox21_113537
Tox21_201093
Tox21_303408
2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol (BHT)
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-para-methylphenol
ANW-19063
BDBM50079507
NSC759563
s6202
SBB040854
STL277184
2,6-di-tert. butyl-4-methyl phenol
2,6-Di-(tert-butyl)-4-methylphenol
AKOS000269037
Tox21_113537_1
CCG-207937
CM14391
CS-W020053
MCULE-4627478482
Density: 1.048
Quantity: 100g
Packaging: Granules
Color: White
Assay Percent Range: 0.99
Linear Formula: ((CH3)3C)2CH3C6H2OH
Formula Weight: 220.35
Chemical Name or Material: Butylated Hydroxy Toluene
NSC-759563
Phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl-
NCGC00091761-01
NCGC00091761-02
NCGC00091761-04
NCGC00091761-05
NCGC00091761-06
NCGC00091761-07
NCGC00257275-01
NCGC00258645-01
AC-10553
AK-90086
L133
SMR000059076
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT)
SBI-0052890.P002
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, >=99%
Butylated hydroxytoluene, >=99%, FCC, FG
D0228
E-321
FT-0610731
Phenol,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-
ST50214443
2,6-bis-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol
4-Methyl-2,6- di(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol
PK04_181024
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-1-hydroxy-4-methyl benzene
C14693
D02413
M-6087
MLS-0146297.0001
AB00053233_09
Phenol, 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-
2,6-Bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol, 9CI
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, puriss., 99%
AC-907/25014329
Q221945
SR-01000735918
SR-01000735918-2
W-108376
BHT also prevents oxidative rancidity of fats.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is used to preserve food odor, color, and flavor.
Many packaging materials incorporate BHT.
Butylated hydroxytoluene is also added directly to shortening, cereals, and other foods containing fats and oils.
9FC4DFC8-480D-487C-A74A-2EC9EECE92C4
BENZENE,1,3-DITERT.BUTYL,2-HYDROXY,5-METHYL
BRD-K53153417-001-01-3
BRD-K53153417-001-06-2
2,6-D[(CH3)3C]2C6H2(CH3)OHi-tert-butyl-p-cresol
F0001-0395
Z955123624
2,6-DI(TERT-BUTYL-D9)-4-METHYLPHENOL-3,5,O-D3
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, purum, >=99.0% (GC)
WLN: 1X1 & 1 & R BQ E1 CX1 & 1 & 1
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, >=99.0% (GC), powder
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, tested according to Ph.Eur.
3,5-Di-tert-4-butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), analytical standard
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
Butylhydroxytoluene, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Butylated Hydroxytoluene, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Butylated hydroxytoluene, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard