Citrus Terpene = D-Limonene = Limonene
CAS Number: 94266-47-4
EC/List Number: 304-454-3
Chemical formula: C10H16
Molar mass: 136.238 g·mol−1
Citrus Terpene, also called D-Limonene oils, supplied by the third largest orange juice producer in the world, is obtained from the peel of the citrus fruits collected.
Citrus Terpene is mostly used by the perfume and essential oil industry.
Citrus Terpenes is a mixture of unsaturated optically-active cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons, with about 95% d-limonene and 5% the essence of citrus.
Citrus Terpenes are removed from the waste peel of citrus fruits by a second pressing, during the separation of juice from the whole fruit.
Citrus Terpene can be extracted from the fruit of the common sweet orange tree (Citrus sinensis, Rutaceae), grapefruit tree (Citrus paradisi, Macfadyen), lemon tree (Citrus limonum, Rutaceae), lime tree (Citrus aurantifolia, Rutaceae), and/or tangerine tree (Citrus reticulata [mandarin]).
Citrus Terpenes are derived solely from renewable biomass sources.
D-limonene is one of the most common terpenes in nature.
D-limonene is a major constituent in several citrus oils (orange, lemon, mandarin, lime, and grapefruit).
Citrus Terpene is listed in the Code of Federal Regulations as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for a flavoring agent and can be found in common food items such as fruit juices, soft drinks, baked goods, ice cream, and pudding.
Because Citrus Terpene has a pleasant citrus fragrance, d-limonene is widely used as a flavor and fragrance additive in perfumes, soaps, foods, chewing gum, and beverages.
Uses of Citrus Terpene:
Limonene is common as a dietary supplement and as a fragrance ingredient for cosmetics products.
As the main fragrance of citrus peels, Citrus Terpene is used in food manufacturing and some medicines, such as a flavoring to mask the bitter taste of alkaloids, and as a fragrance in perfumery, aftershave lotions, bath products, and other personal care products.
Citrus Terpene is also used as a botanical insecticide.
Citrus Terpene is used in the organic herbicide, Avenger.
Citrus Terpene is added to cleaning products, such as hand cleansers to give a lemon or orange fragrance (see orange oil) and for its ability to dissolve oils.
Citrus Terpene has a piny, turpentine-like odor.
Limonene is used as a solvent for cleaning purposes, such as adhesive remover, or the removal of oil from machine parts, as it is produced from a renewable source (citrus essential oil, as a byproduct of orange juice manufacture).
Citrus Terpene is used as a paint stripper and is also useful as a fragrant alternative to turpentine. Limonene is also used as a solvent in some model airplane glues and as a constituent in some paints.
Commercial air fresheners, with air propellants, containing Citrus Terpene are used by stamp collectors to remove self-adhesive postage stamps from envelope paper.
Citrus Terpene is also used as a solvent for fused filament fabrication based 3D printing.
Printers can print the plastic of choice for the model, but erect supports and binders from High Impact Polystyrene (HIPS), a polystyrene plastic that is easily soluble in Citrus Terpene.
In preparing tissues for histology or histopathology, Citrus Terpene is often used as a less toxic substitute for xylene when clearing dehydrated specimens.
Clearing agents are liquids miscible with alcohols (such as ethanol or isopropanol) and with melted paraffin wax, in which specimens are embedded to facilitate cutting of thin sections for microscopy.
Citrus Terpene is also combustible and has been considered as a biofuel.
Citrus Terpene is a highly versatile, powerful & natural solvent.
An ideal thinner for Tung oil, Citrus Terpene assists with oil penetration into porous surfaces – timber, concrete, mud brick, slate & terracotta.
An exceptional cleaning solvent, Citrus Terpene has a greater ‘cutting’ power than mineral turpentine.
Citrus Terpene is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the oil of citrus fruit peels.
The d-isomer, occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing.
Citrus Terpene is also used in chemical synthesis as a precursor to carvone and as a renewables-based solvent in cleaning products.
The less common l-isomer has a piny, turpentine-like odor, and is found in the edible parts of such plants as caraway, dill, and bergamot orange plants.
Limonene takes its name from Italian limone ("lemon").
Citrus Terpene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer: the principal industrial source, citrus fruit, contains d-limonene ((+)-limonene), which is the (R)-enantiomer.
Racemic Citrus Terpene is known as dipentene.
Citrus Terpene is obtained commercially from citrus fruits through two primary methods: centrifugal separation or steam distillation.
WHAT IS D-LIMONENE?
D-Limonene, also known as Citrus Terpenes, is the main chemical constituent found in the cold-pressed peel oils that can be derived from all edible citrus fruits, namely oranges, lemons, and limes.
After the first pressing of the peels, it is obtained from the resultant oil through the process of distillation.
The two chemical forms of Limonene are d-Limonene, which is found largely in orange peels, and L-Limonene, which is found largely in lemon peels.
Limonene gets its name from the botanical name for “Lemon” – Citrus limon – due to the richness of this natural compound in lemon peels.
Citrus Terpenes wide range of beneficial applications has made d-Limonene one of the most prominent natural Terpenes.
With a light, pleasantly dry, and refreshingly-sweet citrusy scent, Citrus Terpene is valued for its aroma and is mostly used in fragrances as well as green cleaning products rather than for therapeutic applications.
NDA’s d-Limonene Raw Material is a thin, clear, colorless, oily fluid that is derived from steam distilled citrus rinds.
Citrus Terpene is safer to use, works more effectively, and is more environmentally-friendly than most commercial and industrial cleaners.
HOW DOES D-LIMONENE WORK?
D-Limonene is a fragrance agent, a degumming agent, and a gentle yet powerful cleaner that is reputed to effectively remove stains, grease, tar, and more, thus making a natural replacement for more popular solvents, which usually contain chlorine or petroleum.
Citrus Terpenes mildness has also made it a popular ingredient in water-free hand soaps, in which it is said to not only cleanse but to also leave the hands smelling fresh.
When applied to various types of hard surfaces, such as counter tops, windows, mirrors, floors, bath tubs, refrigerators, cars, and electronic items, d-Limonene is reputed to bring a high shine to all cleaned items.
APPLICATIONS FOR D-LIMONENE:
Citrus Terpene may be used at full strength, that is without dilution, as an eco-friendly detergent; however, direct application to painted surfaces, plexiglass, plastics, or fiberglass is not recommended.
Conversely, Citrus Terpene may be added to wetting agents, such as water or vinegar bases, to achieve better solubilization.
Either method will make for a natural yet equally effective industrial-strength “green” surface disinfectant that is ideal for household cleaning.
Linked to several health benefits of Citrus Terpene:
Citrus Terpene has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and heart-disease-fighting properties.
However, most research has been conducted in test tubes or on animals, making it difficult to fully understand the role of limonene in human health and disease prevention.
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits of Citrus Terpene:
Citrus Terpene has been shown to reduce inflammation in some studies.
While short-term inflammation is your body’s natural response to stress and is beneficial, chronic inflammation can harm your body and is a major cause of illness.
Citrus Terpene’s important to prevent or reduce this type of inflammation as much as possible.
Citrus Terpene has been shown to reduce inflammatory markers that relate to osteoarthritis, a condition characterized by chronic inflammation.
A test-tube study in human cartilage cells noted that limonene reduced nitric oxide production.
Nitric oxide is a signaling molecule that plays a key role in inflammatory pathways.
In a study in rats with ulcerative colitis — another disease characterized by inflammation — treatment with limonene significantly decreased inflammation and colon damage, as well as common inflammatory markers.
Citrus Terpene has demonstrated antioxidant effects as well.
Antioxidants help reduce cell damage caused by unstable molecules called free radicals.
Free radical accumulation can lead to oxidative stress, which may trigger inflammation and disease.
One test-tube study revealed that limonene may inhibit free radicals in leukemia cells, suggesting a decrease in inflammation and cellular damage that would normally contribute to disease.
Although promising, these effects need to be confirmed by human studies.
May have anticancer effects of Citrus Terpene:
Citrus Terpene may have anticancer effects.
In a population study, those who consumed citrus fruit peel, the major source of dietary limonene, had a reduced risk of developing skin cancer compared to those who only consumed citrus fruits or their juices.
Another study in 43 women recently diagnosed with breast cancer experienced a significant 22% reduction in breast tumor cell expression after taking 2 grams of limonene daily for 2–6 weeks.
Additionally, research in rodents found that supplementing with Citrus Terpene inhibited the growth of skin tumors by preventing inflammation and oxidative stress.
Other rodent studies indicate that Citrus Terpene may fight other types of cancer, including breast cancer.
What’s more, when given to rats alongside the anticancer drug doxorubicin, limonene helped prevent several common side effects of the medication, including oxidative damage, inflammation, and kidney damage.
Although these results are promising, more human studies are needed.
May boost heart health of Citrus Terpene:
Heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States, accounting for nearly one in four deaths.
Citrus Terpene may lower your risk of heart disease by reducing certain risk factors, such as elevated cholesterol, blood sugar, and triglyceride levels.
In one study, mice given 0.27 grams of Citrus Terpene per pound of body weight (0.6 grams/kg) showed reduced triglycerides, LDL (bad) cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, and fat accumulation in the liver, compared to a control group.
In another study, stroke-prone rats given 0.04 grams of Citrus Terpene per pound of body weight (20 mg/kg) exhibited significant reductions in blood pressure compared to rats of similar health status that did not receive the supplement.
Keep in mind that human studies are needed before strong conclusions can be drawn.
Other benefits of Citrus Terpene:
Aside from the benefits listed above, limonene may:
-Reduce appetite:
The scent of Citrus Terpene has been shown to significantly reduce appetite in blowflies.
However, this effect has not been studied in humans.
-Decrease stress and anxiety:
Rodent studies suggest that Citrus Terpene could be used in aromatherapy as an anti-stress and anti-anxiety agent.
-Support healthy digestion:
Citrus Terpene may protect against stomach ulcers.
In a study in rats, citrus aurantium oil, which is 97% limonene, protected nearly all of the rodents against ulcers caused by medication use.
SUMMARY:
Citrus Terpene may offer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-heart-disease benefits, among others.
However, more research in humans is needed.
Effective seal for:
Removes difficult stains such as; Lipstick, Crayon, Glue, Bitumen.
Replaces Mineral Turpentine, Acetone and Tolulene.
Technical Names of Citrus Terpene:
-Citrus Peels Extract
-Citrus Peels Extract (IFRA)
-Citrus, Extractives
-Curacao Peel Oil
-Orange Peel, Bitter Extract
-Terpènes d'Agrumes (French)
-Terpenos Citricos (Spanish)
Product Categories:
-Aerosol Products
-Air Care Products
-Antimicrobial Products
-Cleaning Products
-Industrial and Automotive Chemicals
-Pest Management Products
-Polishes and Floor Maintenance Products
Citrus Terpenes is a mixture of unsaturated optically-active cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons, with about 95% d-limonene and 5% the essence of citrus.
KEYWORDS:
94266-47-4, 304-454-3, D-Limonene, Limonene, Dipentene, Cinene, Eulimen, 18-p-Menthadiene, Cyclohexene 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, Dipanol
Chemical reactions of Citrus Terpene:
Citrus Terpene is a relatively stable monoterpene and can be distilled without decomposition, although at elevated temperatures it cracks to form isoprene.
Citrus Terpene oxidizes easily in moist air to produce carveol, carvone, and limonene oxide.
With sulfur, Citrus Terpene undergoes dehydrogenation to p-cymene.
Citrus Terpene occurs commonly as the (R)-enantiomer, but racemizes to dipentene at 300 °C.
When warmed with mineral acid, Citrus Terpene isomerizes to the conjugated diene α-terpinene (which can also easily be converted to p-cymene).
Evidence for this isomerization includes the formation of Diels–Alder adducts between α-terpinene adducts and maleic anhydride.
Citrus Terpene is possible to effect reaction at one of the double bonds selectively.
Anhydrous hydrogen chloride reacts preferentially at the disubstituted alkene, whereas epoxidation with mCPBA occurs at the trisubstituted alkene.
In another synthetic method Markovnikov addition of trifluoroacetic acid followed by hydrolysis of the acetate gives terpineol.
Preferred IUPAC name:
-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene
Other names:
-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
-p-Menth-1,8-diene
-Racemic: dl-Limonene; Dipentene
Citrus Terpene or d-Limonene is a naturally pure oil which is produced from citrus fruit skins by the distillation process.
Nature has produced this oil in living, organic plant material, and therefore, nature has methods in place to accept, reduce, breakdown, absorb and otherwise handle this oil as part of the chemistry of the Earth living eco system.
In other words, d-Limonene is BIODEGRADABLE.
Undiluted Citrus Terpene can replace a wide variety of products including Mineral Turpentine, Acetone and Toluene.
Citrus Terpene can also be combined with a surfactant to produce household cleaners.
Citrus Terpene is an ideal thinner for Tung oil, to assist with penetration of the oil into porous surfaces i.e., timber, concrete, mud brick, slate, terracotta etc.
Citrus Terpene is an effective cleaner and will dissolve grease, remove stains i.e. lipstick ,wax, printers ink, glue chewing gum, crayons, bitumen and many other stubborn to remove substances - even if those substances were derived from petroleum sources.
Citrus Terpene has greater cutting in mineral Turpentine and can be used as an alternative whenever the use of Turpentine is called for.
Recommended uses of Citrus Terpene:
Citrus Terpene concentrated aromatic and flavor ingredient which may be used in flavor and fragrance compounds according to legal and IFRA or FEMA GRAS/FDA guidelines.
Citrus Terpene enhances the action as a degreaser.
What is Citrus Terpene?
Citrus Terpene is a chemical found in the rind of citrus fruits, such as lemons, limes, and oranges.
Citrus Terpene is especially concentrated in orange peels, comprising around 97% of this rind’s essential oils.
Citrus Terpene’s often referred to as d-limonene, which is its main chemical form.
Citrus Terpene belongs to a group of compounds known as terpenes, whose strong aromas protect plants by deterring predators.
Citrus Terpene is one of the most common terpenes found in nature and may offer several health benefits.
Citrus Terpene has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-stress, and possibly disease-preventing properties.
SUMMARY:
Limonene is an essential oil found in citrus fruit peels.
It belongs to a class of compounds called terpenes.
Common uses of Citrus Terpene:
Citrus Terpene is a popular additive in foods, cosmetics, cleaning products, and natural insect repellants.
For example, Citrus Terpene’s used in foods like sodas, desserts, and candies to provide a lemony flavor.
Citrus Terpene is extracted through hydrodistillation, a process in which fruit peels are soaked in water and heated until the volatile molecules are released via steam, condensed, and separated.
Due to Citrus Terpenes strong aroma, limonene is utilized as a botanical insecticide.
Citrus Terpene’s an active ingredient in multiple pesticide products, such as eco-friendly insect repellents.
Other household products containing Citrus Terpene include soaps, shampoos, lotions, perfumes, laundry detergents, and air fresheners.
Additionally, Citrus Terpene is available in concentrated supplements in capsule and liquid form.
These are often marketed for their supposed health benefits.
Citrus Terpene is also used as an aromatic oil for its calming and therapeutic properties.
SUMMARY:
Citrus Terpene is used in a range of products, including food, cosmetics, and eco-friendly pesticides. It can also be found in supplement form, as it may boost health and fight certain diseases.
CAS Number
-138-86-3 (R/S)
-5989-27-5 (R)
-5989-54-8 (S)
CHEBI: 15384
ChEMBL: ChEMBL449062 (R)
ChemSpider
-20939 (R/S)
-388386 (S)
-389747 (R)
ECHA InfoCard: 100.028.848
KEGG: D00194
PubChem CID:
-22311 (R/S)
-439250 (S)
UNII:
-9MC3I34447 (R/S)
-GFD7C86Q1W (R)
-47MAJ1Y2NE (S)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2029612
Uses of Citrus Terpene:
Undiluted Citrus Terpene can replace a wide variety of products including Mineral Turpentine, Acetone and Tolulene.
Citrus Terpene can also be combined with a surfactant to produce household cleaners.
Citrus Terpene is an ideal thinner for Tung oil, to assist with penetration of the oil into porous surfaces i.e., timber, concrete, mud brick, slate, terracotta etc.
Citrus Terpene is an effective cleaner and will dissolve grease, remove stains i.e. lipstick ,wax, printers ink, glue chewing gum, crayons, bitumen and many other “stubborn to remove substances - even if those substances were derived from petroleum sources.
Citrus Terpene is an ideal thinner for an oil-based finish, including Tung oil.
Citrus Terpene has a greater ‘cutting’ power than mineral turpentine.
This versatile solvent is suitable for cleaning many surfaces and helps with oil penetration into porous surfaces.
-Highly versatile, powerful & natural solvent
-Ideal thinner for Tung oil, it assists with oil penetration into porous surfaces
-Exceptional cleaning solvent, Citrus Terpene has a greater ‘cutting’ power than mineral turpentine
-Applications include - lipstick, wax, printers ink, glue, chewing gum, crayons, bitumen and many other stubborn to remove substances
Terpenes are a very large and structurally diverse group of secondary metabolites which are abundant in many es-sential oils, resins and floral scents.
Additionally, some terpenes have roles as phytoalexins in plant-pathogen rela-tionships, allelopathic inhibitors in plant-plant interactions, or as airborne molecules of plant-herbivore multitrophic signaling.
Thus the elucidation of the biochemistry and molecular genetics of terpenoid biosynthesis has paramount importance in any crop species.
With this aim, we searched the CitEST database for clusters of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) coding for terpene synthases.
Herein is a report on the identification and in silico characterization of 49 putative members of the terpene synthase family in diverse Citrus species.
The expression patterns and the possible physiological roles of the identified sequences are also discussed.
Biosynthesis of Citrus Terpene:
In nature, limonene is formed from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclization of a neryl carbocation or its equivalent as shown.
The final step involves loss of a proton from the cation to form the alkene.
The most widely practiced conversion of Citrus Terpene is to carvone.
The three-step reaction begins with the regioselective addition of nitrosyl chloride across the trisubstituted double bond.
This species is then converted to the oxime with a base, and the hydroxylamine is removed to give the ketone-containing carvone.
Citrus Terpene in plants:
Citrus Terpene is a major component of the aromatic scents and resins characteristic of numerous coniferous and broadleaved trees: red and silver maple (Acer rubrum, Acer saccharinum), cottonwoods (Populus angustifolia), aspens (Populus grandidentata, Populus tremuloides) sumac (Rhus glabra), spruce (Picea spp.), various pines (e.g., Pinus echinata, Pinus ponderosa), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), larches (Larix spp.), true firs (Abies spp.), hemlocks (Tsuga spp.), cannabis (Cannabis sativa spp.), cedars (Cedrus spp.), various Cupressaceae, and juniper bush (Juniperus spp.)
Citrus Terpene contributes to the characteristic odor of orange peel, orange juice and other citrus fruits.
To optimize recovery of valued components from citrus peel waste, Citrus Terpene is typically removed.
d-Limonene is available in various grades:
-Technical Grade d-Limonene
-Food Grade d-Limonene
-EPA Registered Grade d-Limonene
-High Purity d-Limonene
-Ultra High Purity d-Limonene
-Fragrance Grade d-Limonene
CITRUS TERPENES:
-Midseason Orange Oil
-Valencia Orange Oil
-Brazilian Orange Oil
-Orange Essence Oil
-Tangerine Oil
-5-Fold Orange Oil
-10-Fold Orange Oil
-Color Rectified Orange Oil
-Organic Orange Oil (NOP Certified)
-Grapefruit Oil
-Lemon Oil
-Lime Oil
Chemical formula: C10H16
Molar mass: 136.238 g·mol−1
Appearance : colorless liquid
Odor: Orange
Density: 0.8411 g/cm3
Melting point: −74.35 °C (−101.83 °F; 198.80 K)
Boiling point: 176 °C (349 °F; 449 K)
Solubility in water: Insoluble
Solubility:
Miscible with benzene, chloroform, ether, CS2, and oils
soluble in CCl4
Chiral rotation ([α]D): 87–102°
Refractive index (nD): 1.4727
Citrus Terpene is the oil extracted from the peels of oranges and other citrus fruits.
People have been extracting essential oils like Citrus Terpene from citrus fruits for centuries.
Today, Citrus Terpene is often used as a natural treatment for a variety of health issues and is a popular ingredient in household items.
However, not all of Citrus Terpene’s benefits and uses are supported by science.
PRODUCT TYPE & FUNCTION:
When added to this kind of formulation:
-Household Cleaning Agent
-Perfumes, Colognes
Detailed Product Description of Citrus Terpene:
Citrus Terpene is a biodegradable oil occurring in nature as the main constituent of orange peel oil.
Citrus Terpene can be used in its pure form, blended with other solvents or emulsified to make water soluble cleaning products.
Citrus Terpene is commonly used to formulate solvents that replace more toxic, petroleum-derived or chlorinated solvents.
Precautions of Citrus Terpene:
-Flammable liquid and vapors.
-Causes severe eye irritation.
-Skin irritant.
-Toxic by ingestion and skin absorption.
EFFECTS:
d-Limonene functions as a(n):
-Gentle and Environmentally-Friendly Cleaner
-Fragrance Agent
-Degumming Agent
Citrus Terpene helps to:
-Remove dirt, clay, grease, tar, wax, gum, salt, sticky residue from adhesives, and stains from ink or oil spills
-Disinfect
-Contribute shine
-Deodorize with a fresh scent
Citrus Terpene or d-Limonene is a naturally pure oil which is produced from citrus fruit skins by the distillation process.
Nature has produced this oil in living, organic plant material, and therefore, nature has methods in place to accept, reduce, breakdown, absorb and otherwise handle this oil as part of the chemistry of the Earth’s living eco system.
In other words, d-Limonene is BIODEGRADABLE.
Citrus Terpene can replace a wide variety of products including Mineral Turpentine, Acetone and Tolulene.
Citrus Terpene can also be combined with a surfactant to produce household cleaners.
Citrus Terpene is an ideal thinner for Tung oil, to assist with penetration of the oil into porous surfaces i.e., timber, concrete, mud brick, slate, terracotta etc.
Citrus Terpene is an effective cleaner and will dissolve grease, remove stains i.e. lipstick ,wax, printers ink, glue chewing gum, crayons, bitumen and many other “stubborn to remove substances - even if those substances were derived from petroleum sources.
Citrus Terpene has greater “cutting” power than mineral Turpentine and can be used as an alternative whenever the use of Turpentine is called for.
Safety and research of Citrus Terpene:
Citrus Terpene applied to skin may cause irritation from contact dermatitis, but otherwise appears to be safe for human uses.
Citrus Terpene is flammable as a liquid or vapor and it is toxic to aquatic life.
Systematic Name: Citrus, ext.
EPA Registry Name: Citrus extract
CAS Number: 94266-47-4
Substance Type: Chemical Substance
What Is Citrus Terpene And What Does It Do?
Citrus Terpene is a type of terpene, commonly found in cannabis on the trichome glands located on the flowers of the plant.
Citrus Terpene is commonly used in cleaning products as a solvent and candles for its aroma.
When you’re walking through your supermarkets cleaning aisle, and it smells like lemons this is probably why!
Outside of their industrial use, terpenes are known for giving cannabis (both hemp and street weed) its sometimes pungent aroma along with unique flavour.
However, these organic compounds are much more than pure flavour enhancers.
They are also thought to influence the way cannabinoids interact with our endocannabinoid system along with having their own unique effects when used in isolation.
What Is Citrus Terpene And Is It Natural?
Citrus Terpene is a natural and organic compound from a family of plant metabolites called terpenes.
Citrus Terpene can be found in two different chemical forms, which are both located in various plants, and the limonene structure is as follows:
Citrus Terpene found abundantly in the peels of lemons or oranges and cannabis.
Citrus Terpene is also extractable in lower concentrations from rosemary.
Citrus Terpene smells like citrus fruits and is often used in soaps, fragrances, detergents, insecticide and chewing gum.
L-Limonene is less common and found primarily in pine needles or cones.
Has a turpentine-like scent and is often used in industrial cleaning products.
Where Is Citrus Terpene Found?
While Citrus Terpene is widely available through nature, it is possible to recreate synthetic terpenes such as man-made copies of the compound.
However, these are a minority in the marketplace and are used as solvents for cleaning if at all.
Most people/businesses use naturally extracted Citrus Terpene from plants (like us!), especially if adding it to food or drink.
Citrus Terpene’s even possible you have also consumed D-limonene without knowing it in the last month or at the very least used it in cleaning products!
Well, that’s because outside of cannabis Citrus Terpene is found in high concentrations and in isolation in the peels of citrus fruits.
In particular, orange rind, which contains over 97% limonene essential oils.
Looking more closer to home, if you have tried freshly squeezed oranges or lemon juice, you will know the juice can make your cheeks squelch in line with the taste of the bitter lemon or orange – this effect can be partially attributed to the Limonene in citrus fruits.
If you can think of any food or drink with citrus in, it probably has D-limonene in.
Fail that, if you have any lemon cleaning products in your cupboard they are likely rich in the terpene.
The fact that most people like the fragrance of citrus, you can also often find Limonene at your local car wash stacked up in-car air fresheners, and in the chemical sprays they use for cleaning.
What Are The Benefits of Citrus Terpene?
Researchers believe that terpenoids like Citrus Terpene can work synergistically with the cannabinoids found in cannabis to improve the effects felt by users.
This is the basis of what is colloquially known as the entourage effect, where the effect of the sum of each compound is far greater than each one used in isolation.
Outside of this phenomenon, terpenes have been the basis of a variety of research studies.
Analysing their unique effects when used both in isolation and in combination with multiple cannabinoids like THC and CBD.
Terpene products such as balsam oil, balsam turpentine oil, citrus or orange terpene from Fauth are obtained by distillation from natural sources of turpentine and are used as solvents and thinners in numerous industrial applications, usually for the cleaning and degreasing of metal parts.
Balsam oil consists of a variety of terpenes and is often used as a raw material for the production of special chemical compounds in the fragrance industry as well as in the production and dilution of lacquers and oil paints.
Balsam turpentine oil is also a colourless, volatile and highly flammable liquid with a melting point of -55 °C and a boiling point of 153-175 °C.
Citrus and green terpenes are obtained by steam distillation from citrus peel and are well suited for cleaning and degreasing machines and tools as well as for the effortless removal of adhesive residues, waxes, resins, fats and oils.
In addition, organic terpenes are suitable for disinfection in livestock farming (barn and cage disinfection) and pest control.
Plants use volatile terpene compounds as odor cues for communicating with the environment.
Fleshy fruits are particularly rich in volatiles that deter herbivores and attract seed dispersal agents.
We have investigated how terpenes in citrus fruit peels affect the interaction between the plant, insects, and microorganisms.
Because limonene represents up to 97% of the total volatiles in orange (Citrus sinensis) fruit peel, we chose to down-regulate the expression of a limonene synthase gene in orange plants by introducing an antisense construct of this gene. Transgenic fruits showed reduced accumulation of limonene in the peel. When these fruits were challenged with either the fungus Penicillium digitatum or with the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, they showed marked resistance against these pathogens that were unable to infect the peel tissues. Moreover, males of the citrus pest medfly (Ceratitis capitata) were less attracted to low limonene-expressing fruits than to control fruits. These results indicate that limonene accumulation in the peel of citrus fruit appears to be involved in the successful trophic interaction between fruits, insects, and microorganisms. Terpene down-regulation might be a strategy to generate broad-spectrum resistance against pests and pathogens in fleshy fruits from economically important crops. In addition, terpene engineering may be important for studying the basic ecological interactions between fruits, herbivores, and pathogens.
Plants produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, many of which are volatile compounds that are released by leaves, flowers, fruits, and roots.
These compounds serve as signals between plants and within distal parts of the same plant.
They are also involved in protecting the plant against abiotic stress, defending the plant against pests and pathogens, and attracting herbivore predators and pollinators.
Volatile compounds that are emitted by flowers greatly contribute to the plant’s reproductive success and survival in natural ecosystems.
In addition, fruits are generally rich in terpene compounds that determine their specific bouquet and may attract mutualists and repel antagonists, as in animal-pollinated flowers.
Flavor volatiles in plants (particularly in fruits) are linked to human selection of genotypes and their use for nutritional, health, or industrial purposes.
It is widely accepted that the primary function of terpene compounds in immature fruit is to defend against all types of potential consumers.
Changes in these substances occur during maturation, in combination with changes in texture, taste, and color.
These changes are necessary to attract frugivorous animals for fruit predation and seed dispersal.
Fruit traits are thought to evolve in response to the sum of selective pressures exerted by mutualists and antagonists.
Nonetheless, proof that a specific fruit terpene acts as an attractant or repellent for specific pests or pathogens has not been obtained.
In the last decade, a series of important studies have been published on plant volatiles as repellents of pests and as attractants of herbivore predators.
The results from these studies seem to suggest that it may be possible to modulate plant volatile emission through metabolic engineering to improve the plant’s defense against pests.
The overexpression of the precursor for a linalool/nerolidol synthase from strawberry (Fragaria spp.) in transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) led to accumulation of high levels of linalool and consequently to the induction of resistance against aphids.
The overexpression of this transgene in mitochondria of Arabidopsis leads to the accumulation of nerolidol and a derived homoterpene, 4,8-dimethyl-1,3(E),7-nonatriene, which attract insect carnivore predators that are natural enemies of pest mites.
In addition, the overexpression of the gene encoding a sesquiterpene synthase from corn (Zea mays), the terpene synthase clone 10, in transgenic Arabidopsis plants attracts parasitic wasps due to the emission of high levels of sesquiterpenes, which are normally released when the larvae of these wasps chew the leaves.
More recently, the overexpression of the gene of a (E)-β-caryophyllene synthase from oregano (Origanum vulgare) in transgenic corn makes the roots attract nematodes that protect the plant from beetles.
The transgenic overexpression of a precursor gene of a pachulol synthase in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) together with the farnesyl diphosphate synthase, a precursor of sesquiterpenes, leads to high accumulations of pachulol and 13 other sesquiterpenes, which make the plants highly resistant to larvae of insect pests.
The role of different terpenoid compounds in pathogen resistance is well documented, particularly in forest trees, but the overexpression of precursors of these genes as a biotechnology strategy for plant protection has not yet been reported.
In summary, the use of metabolic engineering to induce resistance against biotic agents represents an alternative technology to the use of expensive and highly toxic fungicides, bactericides, and pesticides.
The use of this technology could also result in increased product quality.
The external colored peel of citrus fruits, known as the flavedo, is embedded with thousands of oil glands containing terpene volatile compounds.
(+)-Limonene is the most abundant of these compounds (97% of total terpene in orange.
The extraordinarily high amount of limonene that accumulates in orange oil glands suggests an important biological role for this terpene compound in fruit aroma and in the plant’s interactions with the environment.
Recently, cDNAs for monoterpene synthases have been isolated from citrus, including several (+)-limonene synthases.
The genetic modification of tobacco plants with three of these monoterpene synthases and their subsequent combination in one plant by crossing, showed that it was possible to increase the amount and alter the composition of monoterpenoids produced in those plants.
To determine whether the accumulation of limonene in fruits has a defensive function in planta, we manipulated the terpene content in oil glands with an antisense (AS) down-regulation of the (+)-limonene synthase gene in mature sweet orange plants (cv Navelina).
Unexpectedly, transgenic fruits were resistant to economically important fungal and bacterial citrus pathogens and showed the repulsion of a major citrus insect pest.
LIMONENE
Dipentene
138-86-3
Cinene
Cajeputene
DL-Limonene
Kautschin
p-Mentha-1,8-diene
Dipenten
Eulimen
Nesol
1,8-p-Menthadiene
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-
Cajeputen
Limonen
Cinen
Inactive limonene
Acintene DP dipentene
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
Polylimonene
Dipanol
Unitene
alpha-Limonene
Flavor orange
Orange flavor
Goldflush II
Acintene DP
Di-p-mentha-1,8-diene
1,8(9)-p-Menthadiene
4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene
4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
(+/-)-Limonene
1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, dl-
DL-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
1-Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene
MENTHA-1,8-DIENE (DL)
Dipentene, technical grade
.alpha.-Limonene
NSC 21446
PC 560
1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene
.delta.-1,8-Terpodiene
7705-14-8
CHEBI:15384
1-Methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohexene
Limonene, dl-
65996-98-7
NCGC00163742-03
Polydipentene
Limonene polymer
DSSTox_CID_9612
d,l-Limonene
Dipentene polymer
DSSTox_RID_78787
DSSTox_GSID_29612
Dipentene 200
Terpenes and Terpenoids, limonene fraction
(+-)-Dipentene
(+-)-Linonene
Caswell No. 526
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (.+/-.)-
delta-1,8-Terpodiene
(+-)-alpha-Limonene
d-Limonene (JAN)
Dipentene, crude
CAS-138-86-3
HSDB 1809
NSC 844
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (+-)-
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-
EINECS 205-341-0
EINECS 231-732-0
UN2052
1-Methyl-p-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene
DIPENTENE (+-)
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079701
NSC-844
Terpodiene
Ciene
Cyclil decene
AI3-00739
NSC-21446
Achilles dipentene
NSC-757069
Dipentene, tech.
4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene
Dipentene, technical, for use as solvent (for the paint industry), mixture of various terpenes
c0626
Mentha-1,8-diene
p-Mentha-1, dl-
Dipentene, homopolymer
d(R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
(.+-.)-Limonene
(.+-.)-Dipentene
(.+/-.)-Dipentene
(.+/-.)-Limonene
DIPENTENE 38 PF
Limonene, (+/-)-
ESSENCE DE PIN PF
(1)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylvinyl)cyclohexene
DL-p-mentha-1,8-diene
Mentha-1,8-diene, DL
(+-)-(RS)-limonene
Cyclohexene, (.+-.)-
Dipentene, p.a., 95%
p-Mentha-1,8(9)-diene
Dipentene, mixture of isomers
CHEMBL15799
Monocyclic terpene hydrocarbons
Methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohexene
NSC844
(.+/-.)-.alpha.-Limonene
DTXSID2029612
(+/-)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene
p-Mentha-1, (.+-.)-
HMS3264E05
Pharmakon1600-00307080
Methyl-4-isopropenyl-1-cyclohexene
HY-N0544
NSC21446
Tox21_112068
Tox21_201818
Tox21_303409
MFCD00062992
NSC757069
STK801934
1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene
AKOS009031280
Cyclohexene, 4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-
Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
WLN: L6UTJ A1 DY1 & U1
CCG-214016
MCULE-2462317444
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (.+/-.)-
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, polymers (8CI)
SB44847
UN 2052
(+/-)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene homopolymer
Limonene 1000 microg/mL in Isopropanol
NCGC00163742-01
NCGC00163742-02
NCGC00163742-04
NCGC00163742-05
NCGC00257291-01
NCGC00259367-01
Terpenes andTerpenoids, limonene fraction
8050-32-6
NCI60_041856
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, homopolymer (7CI)
1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl) cylcohexene
1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene
4-(1-methylethenyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexene
Dipentene [UN2052] [Flammable liquid]
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethynyl)
DB-053490
DB-072716
CS-0009072
FT-0600409
FT-0603053
FT-0605227
L0046
EN300-21627
C06078
D00194
1-METHYL-4-PROP-1-EN-2-YL-CYCLOHEXENE
AB01563249_01
Q278809
SR-01000872759
J-007186
J-520048
SR-01000872759-1
4B4F06FC-8293-455D-8FD5-C970CDB001EE
Dipentene, mixt. of limonene, 56-64%, and terpinolene, 20-25%
555-08-8
8022-90-0
D-Limonene
(+)-Limonene
5989-27-5
(R)-(+)-Limonene
(D)-Limonene
(+)-(4R)-Limonene
(+)-carvene
(4R)-Limonene
D-(+)-Limonene
D-Limonen
(R)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene
Citrene
(+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene
(R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene
(R)-Limonene
Limonene, D-
(+)-R-Limonene
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (4R)-
d-p-Mentha-1,8-diene
(+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
(4R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
(R)-(+)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene
FEMA No. 2633
(R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
(+)-(R)-Limonene
UNII-GFD7C86Q1W
r-(+)-limonene
(R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene
(4R)-1-methyl-4-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexene
MFCD00062991
GFD7C86Q1W
4betaH-p-mentha-1,8-diene
CHEBI:15382
(+) Limonene
(+)-Dipentene
Carvene
Glidesafe
Glidsafe
Kautschiin
Refchole
(4R)-1-methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene
(4R)-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene
Biogenic SE 374
(+)-alpha-Limonene
d-Limonene (natural)
d-Limoneno [Spanish]
Limonene, (+)-
Limonene, dl-
d-Limoneno
Hemo-sol
(4R)-(+)-Limonene
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (R)-
D-limonene [JAN]
(4R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methyl-cyclohexene
Citrus stripper oil
CCRIS 671
Terpenes and Terpenoids, limonene fraction
EC 7
HSDB 4186
D-1,8-p-Menthadiene
NCI-C55572
EINECS 227-813-5
p-Mentha-1,8-diene, (R)-(+)-
NSC-844
Sulfate turpentine, distilled
(+)-1,8-para-Menthadiene
Dextro-limonene
d limonene
AI3-15191
NSC-21446
Orange x
NSC-757069
1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene, (R)-
EINECS 266-034-5
(4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene
Dipentene no. 122
D-Limonene Reagent Grade
DSSTox_CID_778
EC 227-813-5
DSSTox_RID_75785
(+)-Limonene, stabilized with 0.03% tocopherol
DSSTox_GSID_20778
CHEMBL449062
Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (theta)-
DTXSID1020778
(R)-(+)-Limonene, 95%
(R)-(+)-Limonene, 97%
ZINC967513
CS-M3273
(R)-(+)-Limonene, >=93%
Tox21_200400
6458AE
AKOS015899935
CCG-266134
DB08921
LMPR0102090013
NSC 757069
(R)-(+)-Limonene, analytical standard
NCGC00248591-01
NCGC00248591-02
NCGC00257954-01
BS-22387
CAS-5989-27-5
(R)-(+)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
L0047
L0105
(R)-Limonene 2000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
C06099
D91245
(4R)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene
J-502148
W-105295
Q27888324
(R)-(+)-Limonene, primary pharmaceutical reference standard
UNII-9MC3I34447 component XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-JTQLQIEISA-N
(R)-(+)-Limonene, purum, >=96.0% (sum of enantiomers, GC)
(R)-(+)-Limonene, technical, ~90% (sum of enantiomers, GC)
Aceite d-Limoneno de Naranja
CLEARON M105
CLEARON P105
CLEARON P125
Citrus Terpenes
Citrusterpene
Cold Pressed Peel Oil
D'Limonene
D-LIMONENE BRAZIL
D-Limonen
D-Limonene
NANOLET R1050-CH
ORANGE TERPENES
Orange Terpenes
Orange terpenes
Piccolyte C115
Piccolyte C125
Piccolyte C85
Piccolyte HM106 ULTR
Piccolyte S115
YS RESIN PX1150
YS RESIN TO-L
YS RESIN TO105
YS RESIN TO115
YS RESIN TO125
YS RESIN TR105
d-Limonene
Orange, sweet, ext.
Orange, sweet, ext.
(2E,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-10-methylidenedodeca-2,6,11-trienal; (2E,6E,9E)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraenal; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol; 7-methyl-3-methylideneocta-1,6-diene; octanal
(R)-4-isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene
1,8(9)-p-menthadiene
1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene
2E,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-10-methylidenedodeca-2,6,11-trienal; (2E,6E,9E)-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,9,11-tetraenal; (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene; 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol; 7-methyl-3-methylideneocta-1,6-diene; octanal
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Flower Oil
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck (Rutaceae)
Citrus sinensis ext
Citrus sinensis ext
citrus sinensis extract
Citrus sinensis L.
citrus sinensis l. osbeck peel oil cold pressed
Citrus sinensis oil
Citrus Sinensis Peel oil expressed
Citrus sinensis Peel oil expressed
Citrus sinensis, ext.
d-Limonene
Essential oil extract of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) peel
Essential oil of orange obtained from the peel of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) by expression and/or distillation, including cold pressed, distilled, terpenes and essence qualities
Essential oil of orange obtained from the peel of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) by expression and/or distillation, including cold pressed, distilled, terpenes and essence qualities
Essential oil of orange obtained from the peel of Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) by expression and/or distillation, including cold pressed, distilled, terpenes and essence qualities_excluding manufacturing and refinement.Orange Oil
Essential oil of orange obtained from the peel ofCitrus sinensis (Rutaceae) by expression and/ordistillation, including cold pressed, distilled,terpenes and essence qualities
Extract, orange, sweet
HE Orange
Huile essentielle d'Orange douce
NOT APPLICABLE
Not available; Orange oil
orange 10X
ORANGE BLOSSOM EXTRACT
Orange Essential Oil
Orange ext.
Orange Oil
Orange oil
orange oil
Orange Oil
Orange oil
Orange Oil Sweet
orange oil sweet
Orange oil sweet extract
ORANGE OIL, ORANGE OIL FOLDED, ORANGE OIL CP, ORANGE OIL DECOLOURISED, ORANGE OIL MID SEASON, ORANGE OIL VALENCIA, ORANGE TERPENES
Orange oil, Orange terpenes, Orange sweet extr.
Orange Oil, sweet
Orange oil, sweet
orange oil, sweet
Orange oils
Orange sweet Essential Oil
Orange Sweet Ext
Orange Sweet Oil
Orange sweet oil
Orange terpene
Orange Terpener
Orange Terpenes
orange terpenes
Orange, citrus sinensis, ext
Orange, Citrus sinensis, ext
Orange, Citrus sinensis, ext.
Orange, sweet
Orange, sweet, ect:
Orange, sweet, essential oil
Orange, Sweet, Ext.
Orange, sweet, ext.
Orange, Sweet, ext. EC 232-433-8
Orange, sweet, ext. Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, o
Orange, sweet, extr.
Orange, sweet, extract - Extractives and their physically modified derivatives such as tinctures, concretes, absolutes, essential oils, oleoresins, terpenes, terpene-free fractions, distillates, residues, etc., obtained from citrus sinensis, rutaceae.
Orange, sweet, oil
Orangenöl
Orangenöl süss
Reaction mass of citral and (S)-p-mentha-1,8-diene
Sweet Orange Essential Oil
Sweet Orange oil
68647-72-3
8028-48-6
84650-37-3
orangenöl
Mandora oil
Oange oil CO2 5X
OILPHASE
Oils, orange, sweet
Oils, orange, sweet, psoralen-free
Oils, Orange, sweet, terpene-free
Oils, orange, sweet, terpene-free
Oils, orange-juice
Oils, orange-juice, Citrus sinensis
Orage Oil Guinea
Orange 10x
Orange 5x
Orange Colourless
ORANGE DOUCE ITALIE DEFUROCOUMARINIZEE H.E.
ORANGE DOUCE ITALIE H.E.
Orange Essence Oil
Orange essence oil
Orange Essence Oil Braz
Orange essential oil
ORANGE EXTRACT
ORANGE FLOWER EXTRACT
ORANGE FLOWER OIL
ORANGE FLOWER WATER
Orange Folded
ORANGE OIL
Orange Oil
Orange oil
Orange Oil 1 fold
Orange Oil 1-fold
Orange oil 10-fold
ORANGE OIL 10X
ORANGE OIL 5 FOLD
Orange Oil 5 fold
Orange oil 5-fold
Orange oil 5fold
Orange Oil 5X
Orange Oil 5x
ORANGE OIL 7-FOLD OWN DIST
Orange Oil Braz. 3X Top Dist.
ORANGE OIL BRAZIL
Orange Oil Brazil
ORANGE OIL C.P BRAZILIAN
ORANGE OIL CALABIRAN
Orange Oil Calif. Cold Pressed
Orange Oil California distilled
Orange Oil california distilled
Orange Oil California key brand
Orange Oil CO2 5X
ORANGE OIL COLD PRESSED
Orange Oil Cold Pressed
Orange Oil cold pressed
Orange oil cold pressed
ORANGE OIL COLD PRESSED 1-FOLD
ORANGE OIL COLD PRESSED 10 FOLD
ORANGE OIL COLORLESS
Orange Oil Colourless Dmc
Orange Oil Colourless N.S.
Orange oil concentrate