Glutaraldehyde is a chemical that destroys or inhibits the growth or activity of microorganisms.
Glutaraldehyde is used to control unwanted organisms that are harmful to human or animal health or to the environment or that cause damage to human activities.
Glutaraldehyde is a chemical substance intended to destroy, deter, render harmless, or exert a controlling effect on any harmful microorganism.
Glutaraldehyde is a highly effective, broad-spectrum disinfectant, which typically achieves sterilization in soaking applications by denaturing proteins and disrupting nucleic acids.
Glutaraldehyde is effective against bacteria, fungi, viruses, mycobacteria, and spores.
Glutaraldehyde is non-corrosive to metals, rubber, plastic, and cement.
Glutaraldehyde or 1,5-pentane-dial is one the most commonly used disinfectant ingredients from the family of aldehydes.
Glutaraldehyde is a biocide with a broad spectrum of activity including sporicidal activity.
Glutaraldehyde is also a protein fixative, therefore the surfaces soiled with protein-based soils like blood must be pre-cleaned with a detergent solution prior to their exposure to glutaraldehyde; otherwise, the blood soils will be fixed on the instrument.
Glutaraldehyde achieves disinfection against all microorganisms; bacteria, viruses, fungi, mycobacteria, and spores
Glutaraldehyde shows antimicrobial efficacy against bacteria, mold, and yeast even at low use concentrations(0.01-0.1% active ingredient).
Glutaraldehyde has no detergent properties; in fact due to its fixative nature, it can stain proteins to the surface and act as a staining agent.
High-Level Disinfection and Chemical Sterilization with Glutaraldehyde require instruments to be cleaned prior to moving to the disinfection or sterilization process.
Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize medical and dental equipment and is found in industrial water treatments as a chemical preservative.
CAS No. 111-30-8
CAS Number: 111-30-8
Synonyms: Pentanedial; glutaric dialdehyde; 1,3-diformylpropane; 1,5-pentanedial; glutaric aldehyde; glutaric acid dialdehyde; dioxopentane; glutardialdehyde; gluteraldehyde; 1,5-pentanedione; potentiated acid glutaraldehyde
Preferred IUPAC name
Pentanedial
Other names
Glutaraldehyde
Glutardialdehyde
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
Glutaric aldehyde
Glutaric dialdehyde
1,5-Pentanedial
Chemical formula: C5H8O2
Molar mass: 100.117
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: pungent
Density: 1.06 g/mL
Melting point: −14 °C (7 °F; 259 K)
Boiling point: 187 °C (369 °F; 460 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible, reacts
Vapor pressure: 17 mmHg (20°C)
Glutaraldehyde-based antimicrobial products have found widespread use in a variety of preservative applications.
Glutaraldehyde is a preservative with a biological spectrum including gram +/- bacteria – aerobic, anaerobic, and sulfate-reducing, yeast, and some fungi.
Glutaraldehyde Antimicrobial is a broad-spectrum biocide that is easily dissolved in water.
Glutaraldehyde's biocidal activity is due to the ability to react with the primary amines of the microbial cell wall, which prevents normal metabolic functions and results in cell death.
Glutaraldehyde is effective in both acidic and basic systems.
However, Glutaraldehyde's rate of antimicrobial activity is dependent on several factors, including pH, time, temperature, and concentration.
Aldehydes such as glutaraldehyde have been used as crosslinking agents to improve the mechanical and barrier properties of protein films
Features & Benefits of Glutaraldehyde
Excellent compatibility with anionic, non-ionic, and cationic surfactants
Biocidal activity over a broad pH and temperature range
No odor at end-use concentrations
Good chemical compatibility with many other antimicrobials
High salt tolerance
Complete solubility in water
Glutaraldehyde, C5H8O2 or OCH(CH₂)₃CHO, is a transparent oily, liquid with a pungent odor.
Glutaraldehyde is a biocide used in disinfectants for surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized.
Glutaraldehyde, also called glutaric dialdehyde or 1,5-pentane diol, is a cross-linking, tanning agent, biocide, antimicrobial, slimicide, and preservative in various applications including water treatment, metalworking fluids, oil and gas pipelines, and animal housing.
Glutaraldehyde is a colorless, oily liquid with a sharp, pungent odor.
Glutaraldehyde is used for industrial, laboratory, agricultural, medical, and some household purposes, primarily for disinfecting and sterilization of surfaces and equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is used in oil and gas recovery operations and pipelines, wastewater treatment, x-ray processing, embalming fluid, leather tanning, paper industry, in fogging and cleaning of poultry houses, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of various materials.
It may be used in select goods, such as paint and laundry detergent.
Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5. It has a role as a cross-linking reagent, a disinfectant, and a fixative.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a cold sterilizer to disinfect and clean heat-sensitive equipment such as dialysis instruments, surgical instruments, suction bottles, bronchoscopes, endoscopes, and ear, nose, and throat instruments.
This chemical is also used as a tissue fixative in histology and pathology labs and as a hardening agent in the development of x-rays.
Glutaraldehyde is a colorless, oily liquid with a pungent odor.
Hospital workers use it most often in a diluted form mixed with water.
The strength of glutaraldehyde and water solutions typically ranges from 1% to 50%, but other formulations are available.
Trade names include Cidex®, Sonacide®, Sporicidin®, Hospex®, Omnicide®, Metricide®, and Wavicide®.
Glutaraldehyde is a saturated dialdehyde that has gained wide acceptance as a high-level disinfectant and chemical sterilant.
Aqueous solutions of glutaraldehyde are acidic and generally in this state are not sporicidal.
Only when the solution is “activated” (made alkaline) by the use of alkalinizing agents to pH 7.5 to 8.5 does the solution become sporicidal.
Once activated, these solutions have a shelf-life of minimally 14 days because of the polymerization of the glutaraldehyde molecules at alkaline pH levels.
This polymerization blocks the active sites (aldehyde groups) of the glutaraldehyde molecules that are responsible for their biocidal activity.
Novel glutaraldehyde formulations (e.g., glutaraldehyde-phenol-sodium phenate, potentiated acid glutaraldehyde, stabilized alkaline glutaraldehyde) produced in the past 50 years have overcome the problem of rapid loss of activity (e.g., current use life, 28–30 days) while generally maintaining excellent microbicidal activity.90,91 However, it should be recognized that antimicrobial activity is dependent not only on age but also on use conditions such as dilution and organic stress. The use of glutaraldehyde-based solutions in health care facilities is common because of their advantages, including excellent biocidal properties; activity in the presence of organic matter (20% bovine serum); and noncorrosive action when used on endoscopic equipment, thermometers, or rubber or plastic equipment
Glutaraldehyde-based products are typically used in hospitals and clinics as cold sterilizers, to disinfect and clean heat-sensitive medical devices.
Glutaraldehyde is a potent sensitizer and respiratory irritant, and it has been implicated as a cause of asthma in healthcare workers.
However, glutaral continues to be used as a disinfectant and sterilizer, particularly in developing countries.
Glutaraldehyde is the agent most commonly used to disinfect endoscopic equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is used widely as a cold sterilant to disinfect a variety of heat-sensitive instruments, such as endoscopes, bronchoscopes, and dialysis equipment (NIOSH, 2001
Glutaraldehyde is a colorless glass-like crystal that is usually in a 2% to 50% water solution.
Glutaraldehyde is used for cold sterilization of dental and medical equipment and as a preservative, biocide, hardener, and tanning agent.
Glutaraldehyde is used for a number of applications:
Disinfectant for surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized
A cross-linking and tanning agent
A biocide in metalworking fluids and in oil and gas pipelines
An antimicrobial in water-treatment systems
A slimicide in paper manufacturing
A preservative in cosmetics
A disinfectant in animal housing
A tissue fixative in histology and pathology labs
A hardening agent in the development of X-rays
In embalming solutions
In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses
In various clinical applications
Related Applications of Glutaraldehyde:
Agriculture
Animal House Sanitation
Art supplies
Automotive sealers
Building & Construction
Care Chemicals
Concrete Admixtures
Dish Wash, Soap
Dishwashing Detergent
Embalming fluid
Facial creams/cleansers
Finished paper
Hard Surface Cleaner
Industrial disinfectants and sterilizers
Laundry Detergent
Long-term preservatives
Paints
Treated leather goods
X-Ray film developer
Glutaraldehyde is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)3(CHO)2.
The molecule of Glutaraldehyde consists of a five-carbon chain doubly terminated with formyl (CHO) groups.
Glutaraldehyde is usually used as a solution in water, and such solutions exist as a collection of hydrates, cyclic derivatives, and condensation products, several of which interconvert.
Because the molecule has two carbonyl groups is reactive to primary amine groups (even as its hydrates), Glutaraldehyde can function as a crosslinking agent for any substance with primary amine groups and develop imine-connected links.
Crosslinking rigidifies and deactivates many biological functions, so in this way, glutaraldehyde solutions are used as biocides and as fixatives.
Glutaraldehyde is sold under the brand name Cidex and Glutaral.
As a disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize surgical instruments.
Uses
Biochemistry
Glutaraldehyde is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homo bifunctional crosslinker and fixative.
Glutaraldehyde kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins.
Glutaraldehyde is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells.
A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilize cell and organelle membrane lipids.
Another application for the treatment of proteins with glutaraldehyde is the inactivation of bacterial toxins to generate toxoid vaccines, e.g., pertussis (whooping cough) toxoid component in the Boostrix Tdap vaccine produced by GlaxoSmithKline.
Material Science
In material science, glutaraldehyde application areas range from polymers to metals and biomaterials.
Glutaraldehyde is commonly used as a fixing agent before the characterization of biomaterials for microscopy.
Glutaraldehyde is a powerful crosslinking agent for many polymers containing primer amine groups.
Glutaraldehyde also can be used as an interlinking agent to improve the adhesion force between two polymeric coatings.
Glutaraldehyde is also used to protect against the corrosion of undersea pipes.
Medical
Clinical uses
Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant and medication.
Usually applied as a solution, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas.
Dermatological uses
As a medication, it is used to treat plantar warts.
For this purpose, a 10% w/v solution is used.
It dries the skin, facilitating the physical removal of the wart.
Glutaraldehyde is also used in the treatment of hyperhidrosis under the control of dermatologists.
In people who have frequent sweating but do not respond to aluminum chloride.
Glutaraldehyde solution is an effective agent to treat palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis as an alternative to tannic acid and formaldehyde.
Safety
Side effects include skin irritation.
If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur.
Protective equipment is recommended when used, especially in high concentrations.
Glutaraldehyde is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores.
Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde.
It works by a number of mechanisms.
As a strong sterilant, glutaraldehyde is toxic and a strong irritant.
There is no strong evidence of carcinogenic activity, However, some occupations that work with this chemical have an increased risk of some cancers.
Production and reactions
Production
Glutaraldehyde is produced industrially by the catalytic oxidation of cyclopentene by hydrogen peroxide, which can be achieved in the presence of various tungstic acid-based heteropoly acid catalysts.
This reaction essentially mimics ozonolysis.
Alternatively, it can be made by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and vinyl ethers followed by hydrolysis.
Glutaraldehyde has undoubtedly found the widest application in various fields such as histochemistry, microscopy, cytochemistry, the leather tanning industry, enzyme technology, chemical sterilization, and biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences among the many available protein crosslinking agents.
Glutaraldehyde, a linear, 5-carbon dialdehyde, is a clear, colorless to pale straw-colored, pungent oily liquid that is soluble in all proportions in water and alcohol, as well as in organic solvents.
Glutaraldehyde is mainly available as acidic aqueous solutions (pH 3.0–4.0), ranging in concentration from less than 2% to 70% (w/v).
Glutaraldehyde has had great success because of its commercial availability and low cost in addition to its high reactivity.
Glutaraldehyde reacts rapidly with amine groups at around neutral pH and is more efficient than other aldehydes in generating thermally and chemically stable crosslinks.
In fact, studies of collagen crosslinking reactions with monoaldehyde (formaldehyde) and dialdehydes having chain lengths of two to six carbon atoms (glyoxal, malonaldehyde, succinaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and adipaldehyde) demonstrated that the reactivity in this series is maximized at five carbons; thus glutaraldehyde is the most effective crosslinking agent.
Glutaraldehyde has found widespread use for enzyme immobilization.
The largest single use of glutaraldehyde is as an antimicrobial, bactericide, fungicide, and virucide.
Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize hospital and veterinary equipment, and to disinfect surfaces in hospitals, veterinary hospitals, nursing homes, and food processing plants.
Glutaraldehyde is used to prevent bacterial growth in water supplies for washing air, cooler systems, logging ponds, and pulp and paper water systems.
Smaller uses of Glutaraldehyde are as an embalming fluid, as a fixative for tissues, for film processing, and as leather tanning.
Substance Name: Glutaraldehyde
CASR number: 111-30-8
Molecular formula: C7H8 O2
A high degree of microbiological activity was demonstrated when aqueous glutaraldehyde solutions were alkalinized with the appropriate buffer.
The potent bactericidal, tuberculocidal, fungicidal, sporicidal, and virucidal activity of alkalinized glutaraldehyde was not affected by the presence of serum and retained activity for a minimum of 2 weeks.
Acidic glutaraldehyde solutions, stored at room temperature, are highly stable.
Alkalinized glutaraldehyde solutions show a significant change in pH and loss of glutaraldehyde after 2 weeks.
They have a mild odor and exhibit a relatively low order of toxicity as they are only slightly irritating to the skin when not removed.
No damage to lensed instruments was observed with 2 percent solutions.
Glutaraldehyde is an aldehyde organic compound that has a particularly high affinity for proteins, reacting specifically with amine, amide, and thiol groups.
Because of this property, glutaraldehyde can be a fixative in laboratory procedures.
Glutaraldehyde is more expensive but less toxic than formaldehyde, and it is broadly used in countries where regulatory restrictions prevent the use of formaldehyde.
Glutaraldehyde is usually applied successfully in the field and commonly shows a broad range of microbial kills.
Glutaraldehyde is highly water soluble, partitioning more than 80% in the water phase.
From a thermal stability standpoint, glutaraldehyde loses efficacy in temperatures above 50°C (122°F), but this loss seems to be highly dependent on pH and water chemistry.
Although glutaraldehyde works well with most other production chemicals such as scale and corrosion inhibitors and fracturing chemical packages, some incompatibilities are well known.
Common compounds that can interfere with glutaraldehyde are primary amines, ammonia, and bisulfite-based oxygen scavengers.
However, changes in field application (e.g., staggering applications or injection in different locations in the system) can be done to mitigate potential compatibilities problems.
Nonetheless, studies have shown the limited efficiency of glutaraldehyde to penetrate and control organisms in biofilms
Glutaraldehyde has seen extensive use as a cross-linking agent for biomedical applications such as enzyme and cell immobilization as well as hydrogel synthesis.
Glutaraldehyde is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor at room temperature.
Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde whose aldehydic groups are highly reactive and can form covalent bonds with functional groups such as amines, thiols, phenols, hydroxyl, and imidazoles.
Glutaraldehyde is a versatile, high-performing biocide used for a number of applications including disinfection and sanitation of medical equipment, pulp and paper manufacturing, water treatment systems, as a preservative to various water-based products, and oilfield operations.
Glutaraldehyde is readily biodegradable, formaldehyde-free, and non-bioaccumulative.
Glutaraldehyde is fast-acting, non-ionic, non-foaming, and effective over a wide pH range (typically pH 6.5 to 9.0).
Glutaraldehyde enables a broad spectrum of protection against bacteria, algae, and biofilm formation found in oilfield operations including water flood injection water, drilling, drilling muds, completion, workover, fracturing fluids, produced waters, oil and gas pipelines transmission, and production wells.
Glutaraldehyde improves the efficiency of recirculating cooling and closed-loop water systems by preventing slime build-up bacteria in the heat transfer systems and other surfaces.
Glutaraldehyde is also used for the treatment of water in air washers and other recirculating systems to prevent corrosion and the buildup of microbial growth.
Glutaraldehyde can also control slime-forming bacteria, fungi, and algae in service and auxiliary water systems such as fire protection systems; wastewater and waste material disposal; in recovery systems such as storage tanks, storage piles and in disposal wells.
Glutaraldehyde can be used as a preservative in water-based formulations such as paints, adhesives, and sealants, household cleaning products and laundry detergents, and building materials as concrete admixtures.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a slimicide in paper mill process water systems where various types of microorganisms such as bacteria, mold, and yeast can lead to corrosion of equipment and spots and breaks in the paper.
Glutaraldehyde is especially effective in controlling bacterial growth in aqueous pigments and fillers for paper and paperboard making.
Glutaraldehyde is a broad-spectrum biocide that is effective at treating bacteria, yeast, and mold.
The use of Glutaraldehyde in industrial process systems can eliminate the need for formaldehyde-based biocides in process streams and provide overall cost savings.
Glutaraldehyde does not contain any formaldehyde, halogens, or heavy metals, and is biodegradable.
End-use applications of Glutaraldehyde include paints, coatings, adhesives, inks, pulp, and paper applications.
Glutaraldehyde offers compatibility with charged-, and uncharged surfactants and other preservatives.
Glutaraldehyde is one of the most widely used reagents in the design of biocatalysts.
Glutaraldehyde is a powerful crosslinker, able to react with itself, with the advantages that this may bring forth
• 1,3-Diformylpropane
• 1,5-Pentanedial
• 4-01-00-03659 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
• Aldehyd glutarowy
• Aldehyd glutarowy [Polish]
• Aldesan
• Aldesen
• Alhydex
• BRN 0605390
• CCRIS 3800
• Caswell No. 468
• Cidex
• EINECS 203-856-5
• EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 43901
• Glutaral
• Glutaraldehyd
• Glutaraldehyd [Czech]
• Glutaraldehyde
• Glutaralum
• Glutaralum [INN-Latin]
• Glutardialdehyde
• Glutaric acid dialdehyde
• Glutaric aldehyde
• Glutaric dialdehyde
• Glutarol
• HSDB 949
• Hospex
• NCI-C55425
• NSC 13392
• Pentanedial
• Sonacide
• Ucarcide
Trade names
Actisan
Aidal, Aidal Plus
Aldecyde 28
Aldespray 15
Aqucar 545
Biomate 733, Biomate 5792
Cidex, Cidex Long-Life
Cronex, Cronex HSD/R
Derugan 2000, Derugan 2020
DSD (Dodge sterilant & disinfectant)
Duraflo RT Developer Replenisher
Formula 936N, Formula 9365N, Formula 9465N
G135 Developer Part C
Germ-Out
Glutaral l GPC 8
Ilfotec RT Developer Replenisher
Industrex Developer Replenisher
Keymix Glutacide
Microcide
Nalco 7338
Neoquat LA
Parvocide
Piror Slimicide 825
Protectol GDA, Protectol GDA 25%
Protosan
Relugan GT 25, Relugan GT 50
RD III Developer/Replenisher
RP X-Omat Developer/Replenisher
Safeguard
Sepacid GA 50
Sonacide
Ucarcide 125, 225, 250
Ucarsan
Ucar Tanning Agent G50 Uconex 350
Glutaraldehyde is an aliphatic dialdehyde that undergoes most of the typical aldehyde reactions to form acetals, cyanohydrins, oximes, hydrazones, and bisulfite complexes.
Glutaraldehyde in solutions is susceptible to aerial oxidation to give the corresponding carboxylic acid.
Glutaraldehyde reacts with proteins by a cross-linking reaction which is mainly between the NH2 groups and depends upon time, pH, and temperature.
The reaction is less efficient under alkaline conditions.
Glutaraldehyde polymerizes in water to a glassy form which regenerates the dialdehyde on vacuum distillation.
In solution, glutaraldehyde partially polymerizes into oligomers to give a mixture of variable compositions.
The degree of polymerization increases with pH and temperature.
Above pH 9, polymerization proceeds comparatively rapidly and solutions eventually lose their sporicidal activity.
When heated to elevated temperatures (> 400°C), glutaraldehyde in an aqueous solution will decompose thermally to form carbon oxides and hydrocarbons.
In standard thermal stability tests in the laboratory, aqueous glutaraldehyde showed no exothermic decomposition when heated to 340°
Glutaraldehyde has a wide variety of uses throughout the world with its use spread over a number of different industries.
Glutaraldehyde is used primarily as a biocide but it also has wide use as a fixative and some use as a therapeutic agent.
The main uses of glutaraldehyde are:
• as a cold disinfectant in the health care industry;
• as a hardener in x-ray film processing;
• in tanning as a fixative;
• as a biocide in water treatment;
• in animal housing for disinfection; • as a preservative in industrial oils;
• as a biocide in sanitary solutions for aircraft and portable toilets;
• in small quantities as a disinfectant for air ducts;
• as a tissue fixative in electron and light microscopy and in histochemistry;
• as a biocide in aquaculture;
• in small quantities as an embalming agent; and
• as a therapeutic agent
• an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and crop protection agents;
• as a water-resistant in the manufacture of wallpaper and paper toweling;
• as a cross-linking agent for microencapsulation; and
• as a preservative in cosmetics.
Cold disinfectant
Aqueous glutaraldehyde solutions are used throughout the healthcare industry to disinfect instruments such as endoscopes, surgical instruments, and dental equipment.
For proper effect, the solutions are made alkaline, for example, with sodium bicarbonate at approximately 0.3% w/v.
Normally the 1% or 2% solutions are used, although in recent years the trend throughout the industry has been towards the 1% solution, due to the increased occupational hazard associated with higher concentrations of glutaraldehyde.
Disinfection is usually carried out by soaking the instruments in glutaraldehyde solution for a fixed period and then rinsing the equipment with clean water.
The advantages of buffered glutaraldehyde as a disinfectant are:
• its broad spectrum of activity;
• its rapid microbiocidal action; and
• its non-corrosivity (at lower concentrations) to most materials, including metals, rubbers, and lenses.
The main disadvantages are its adverse health effects and its irritating odor.
X-ray film processing
Glutaraldehyde is incorporated into developing solutions for black-and-white x-ray photography as a hardening (or cross-linking) agent to shorten the drying cycle in film processing.
The developers containing glutaraldehyde are generally used in high-temperature, automated film processing, mainly in the medical x-ray processing field and, to a lesser extent, in engineering applications such as the non-destructive testing of welds.
X-ray developers are usually supplied as a concentrate containing up to 50% w/w glutaraldehyde, and are diluted to working solutions containing glutaraldehyde at less than 2%.
Tanning
Aqueous solutions of glutaraldehyde are used to soften leathers and improve their resistance to water, alkalis, and mold.
Depending on the type of leather or pelt to be treated, an amount of 25% or 50% w/w glutaraldehyde solution is added to a mixing vessel to soak the leather, giving a final concentration of approximately 0.5 to 2% in the mixing vessel.
Tanning with glutaraldehyde can be achieved over a wide pH range, but the amount of glutaraldehyde bound by collagen and the rate of fixation increase with pH.
Glutaraldehyde is bound irreversibly to the collagen molecule and severe acid hydrolysis is required to release it by the breaking of peptide bonds within the collagen rather than the actual glutaraldehyde binding site.1
Water treatment
Aqueous glutaraldehyde solutions at 45-50% w/w are used as microbicides for the treatment of water in evaporative recirculating cooling towers such as those in industry, shopping malls, and large air-conditioned commercial buildings.
The glutaraldehyde solutions are also used in air washers and brewery pasteurizers. In some cases, glutaraldehyde is fed to the water treatment system in a more dilute form, for example, at less than 10%.
Glutaraldehyde helps to control the slime and algae deposits which tend to cause fouling of cooling equipment, adverse health effects, metal corrosion, and poor heat transfer.
Microbicides are usually administered in slugs as shock kill doses for maximum effect.
This can be done manually or by the use of automatic dosing equipment.
The final concentration of glutaraldehyde in cooling tower water after dosing is approximately 50 to 100 ppm w/v.
Animal housing
Aqueous glutaraldehyde solutions are used to disinfect animal and birdhouses such as pig and poultry sheds, aviaries, hatcheries, kennels, catteries, stables, and veterinary hospitals.
Dilute solutions at approximately 0.1 to 0.3% w/v glutaraldehyde are sprayed, washed, or foamed onto the walls, floors, and other surfaces to clean and disinfect.
In the fogging of sheds, usually with automatic or semi-automatic equipment, a more dilute solution of approximately 400 ppm is used.
Glutaraldehyde solutions at approximately 750 ppm are also used to sanitize egg shells to assist in the removal of dirt and debris.
Sanitizing is followed by rinsing with clean water.
Preservative/biocide
Glutaraldehyde is used as a preservative or general biocide in a number of applications.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a 5% w/v aqueous solution as a biocidal additive in conveyor chain lubricants.
The solution is fed continuously from a 25 L container to the lubricant via an automatic feed system.
Glutaraldehyde is also used as a 2% w/v disinfectant in sanitary solutions used in aircraft and portable toilet systems.
It is also used as a disinfectant for air ducts.
A 2% w/v solution can be sprayed or fogged directly into the air ducts; if the level of contamination in the duct is low, the solution can be diluted to approximately 0.2%.
After application, the ventilating system is run at maximum flow rates to disperse the solution.
The solution may also be mixed with a sealing solution before spraying or fogging, but this procedure is not recommended in heavily contaminated ductwork.
Dentistry
Glutaraldehyde is used in dentistry as a disinfectant for dental instruments as a 1% or 2% solution.
Glutaraldehyde has also been used therapeutically in dentistry as a pulpotomy medicament and in dentin bonding.
The use of glutaraldehyde in dentistry has been gradually reduced in recent years, to the extent that in some regions it is not used at all, for example, the South Australian Dental Service has reported that they discontinued use in 1992.
Electron and light microscopy
Glutaraldehyde is used in electron and light microscopy and in histology as a tissue fixative, generally as a 3% to 6% aqueous solution.
Glutaraldehyde is an effective cross-linking agent for proteins and polyhydroxy compounds.
Experiments showed that tissues fixed in glutaraldehyde had excellent morphological preservation, superior to that obtained with formaldehyde since swelling and disruption were regularly absent.
Glutaraldehyde gave the best general preservation of the cellular fine structure.
Aquaculture
Glutaraldehyde is used, generally in conjunction with wetting agents, to control viruses and other micro-organisms in the aquaculture industry
Farming of finfish rather than crustacea consumes most of the chemicals used in aquaculture.
Therapeutic agent
Glutaraldehyde has been used as a therapeutic agent as follows:
• the topical treatment of hyperhidrosis (sweating);
• the topical treatment of onychomycosis (fungal nail infection);
• in friction blister prevention in soldiers, athletes, and ballet dancers; and • in dentistry, for example, in pulpotomy and dentin bonding.
Other uses
A 2% aqueous solution of glutaraldehyde has been used in embalming, but it is believed that usage for this purpose is low
In overseas countries, glutaraldehyde has been used as a preservative in cosmetics, for example, in hair conditioners
Glutaraldehyde is disinfectant, medication, preservative, and fixative. As a disinfectant, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas of hospitals. As a medication, it is used to treat warts on the bottom of the feet. Glutaraldehyde is applied as a liquid.
Side effects include skin irritation. If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur. Protective equipment is recommended when used, especially in high concentrations. Glutaraldehyde is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores. Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde. It works by a number of mechanisms.
Glutaraldehyde came into medical use in the 1960s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. There are a number of other commercial uses such as leather tanning.
Glutaraldehyde is a colorless, oily liquid with a sharp, pungent odor. Glutaraldehyde is used for industrial, laboratory, agricultural, medical, and some household purposes, primarily for disinfecting and sterilization of surfaces and equipment. For example, it is used in oil and gas recovery operations and pipelines, wastewater treatment, x-ray processing, embalming fluid, leather tanning, paper industry, fogging and cleaning of poultry houses, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of various materials. It may be used in select goods, such as paint and laundry detergent.
Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5. It has a role as a cross-linking reagent, a disinfectant, and a fixative.
Glutaraldehyde solution is a light yellow liquid. Mixes with water.
Preferred IUPAC name: Pentanedial. Other names: Glutaraldehyde; Glutardialdehyde; Glutaric acid dialdehyde; Glutaric aldehyde; Glutaric dialdehyde; 1,5-Pentanedial
Other names: Pentanedial; Glutaral; Aldesan; Alhydex; Cidex; Glutardialdehyde; Glutaric acid dialdehyde; Glutaric aldehyde; Glutaric dialdehyde; Hospex; Sonacide; 1,5-Pentanedial; 1,5-Pentanedione; component of Cidex; Glutaraldehyd; Glutarol; NCI-C55425; Ucarcide; Aqucar; Glutarex 28; Relugan GT; Relugan GT 50; Sporicidin; Cidex 7; Ucarcide 250; Relugan GTW; Glutaclean; Sterihyde; 1,3-Diformylpropane; Coldcide-25 microbiocide; Glutaralum; Gluteraldehyde; Novaruca; Pentane-1,5-dial; Potentiated acid glutaraldehyde; Veruca-sep; NSC 13392
CAS No. 111-30-8
EC / List no.: 203-856-5
Mol. formula: C5H8O2
Glutaraldehyde, C5H8O2 or OCH(CH₂)₃CHO, is a transparent oily, liquid with a pungent odor. Exposure to glutaraldehyde may cause the following symptoms: throat and lung irritation, asthma and difficulty breathing, dermatitis, nasal irritation, sneezing, wheezing, burning eyes, and conjunctivitis. Workers may be harmed from exposure to glutaraldehyde. Workers can be exposed to glutaraldehyde through inhalation or skin contact.
Glutaraldehyde is used for a number of applications:
Disinfectant for surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized
A cross-linking and tanning agent
A biocide in metalworking fluids and in oil and gas pipelines
An antimicrobial in water-treatment systems
A slimicide in paper manufacturing
A preservative in cosmetics
A disinfectant in animal housing
A tissue fixative in histology and pathology labs
A hardening agent in the development of X-rays
In embalming solutions
In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses
In various clinical applications
Chemical formula: C5H8O2
Molar mass: 100.117
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: pungent
Density: 1.06 g/mL
Melting point: −14 °C (7 °F; 259 K)
Boiling point: 187 °C (369 °F; 460 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible, reacts
Vapor pressure: 17 mmHg (20°C)
Uses
Disinfection
Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant and medication.
Usually applied as a solution, it is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas.
Fixative
Glutaraldehyde is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and fixative prior to SDS-PAGE, staining, or electron microscopy. It kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins. It is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells. A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilize cell and organelle membrane lipids. Fixation is usually followed by dehydration of the tissue in ethanol or acetone, followed by embedding in an epoxy resin or acrylic resin.
Another application for the treatment of proteins with glutaraldehyde is the inactivation of bacterial toxins to generate toxoid vaccines, e.g., the pertussis (whooping cough) toxoid component in the Boostrix Tdap vaccine produced by GlaxoSmithKline.
In a related application, glutaraldehyde is sometimes employed in the tanning of leather and in embalming.
Wart treatment
As a medication, it is used to treat plantar warts. For this purpose, a 10% w/v solution is used. It dries the skin, facilitating the physical removal of the wart. Trade names include Diswart Solution and Glutarol.
Safety
Side effects include skin irritation. If exposed to large amounts, nausea, headache, and shortness of breath may occur. Protective equipment is recommended when used, especially in high concentrations. Glutaraldehyde is effective against a range of microorganisms including spores.
As a strong sterilant, glutaraldehyde is toxic and a strong irritant. There is no strong evidence of carcinogenic activity. Some occupations that work with this chemical have an increased risk of some cancers.
Mechanism of action
A number of mechanisms have been invoked to explain the biocidal properties of glutaraldehyde. Like many other aldehydes, it reacts with amines and thiol groups, which are common functional groups in proteins. Being bi-function, it is also a potential crosslinker.
Production and reactions
Synthesis of glutaraldehyde via the Diels-Alder reaction.
Glutaraldehyde is produced industrially by the oxidation of cyclopentene. Alternatively, it can be made by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and vinyl ethers followed by hydrolysis.
Like many other dialdehydes, (e.g., glyoxal) and simple aldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde), glutaraldehyde converts in aqueous solution to various hydrates that in turn convert to other equilibrating species
History and Culture
Glutaraldehyde came into medical use in the 1960s. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system. There are a number of other commercial uses such as leather tanning.
A glutaraldehyde solution of 0.1% to 1.0% concentration may be used as a biocide for system disinfection and as a preservative for long-term storage. It is a sterilant, killing endospores in addition to many microorganisms and viruses.
As a biocide, glutaraldehyde is a component of hydraulic fracturing ("fracking") fluid. It is included in the additive called Alpha 1427. Bacterial growth impairs the extraction of oil and gas from these wells. Glutaraldehyde is pumped as a component of the fracturing fluid to inhibit microbial growth
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO.:111-30-8
GLUTARALDEHYDE EINECS NO.: 203-856-5
FORMULA: OHC(CH2)3CHO
MOL WT.: 100.12
HS Code: 2912.19.5000
TOXICITY: Oral rat LD50: > 90 ml/kg
SYNONYMS: Glutaric acid dialdehyde; Glutardialdehyde; Glutaral;1,3-Diformylpropane; 1,5-Pentanedial; 1,5-Pentanedione; Glutaric aldehyde; Glutarol; Gluteraldehyde; Pentanedial; Sonacide; Aldehyd glutarowy; Aldesan; Ucarcide; Other RN: 37245-61-7, 79215-57-9, 107950-89-0
Disinfectant, Anti-Infective agent, Fixative
One of the protein cross-linking reagents that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (50% SOLUTION)
PHYSICAL STATE: Clear to yellowish liquid
MELTING POINT: -14 C
BOILING POINT: 187 C
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
SOLUBILITY IN WATER: soluble
SOLVENT SOLUBILITY: Soluble in alcohol
pH: 3.2 - 4.2
VAPOR DENSITY
log P: -0.18 (Octanol-water)
VAPOR PRESSURE 0.6 (mmHg at 25 C)
HENRY LAW CONSTANT: 1.10E-07 (atm-m3/mole at 25 C)
OH RATE CONSTANT: 2.38E-11 (cm3/molecule-sec at 25 C Atmospheric)
AUTOIGNITION
Drug Information Portal (U.S. National Library of Medicine) - GLUTARALDEHYDE
Glutaraldehyde is a chemical frequently used as a disinfectant and sterilizing agent against bacteria and viruses (2% solution), an embalming fluid and tissue fixative, a component of leather tanning solutions, and an intermediate in the production of certain sealants, resins, dyes, and electrical products (HSDB, 1996). For commercial purposes, solutions of 99%, 50%, and 20% are available. Glutaraldehyde is also an atmospheric reaction product of cyclohexene. The annual statewide industrial emissions from facilities reporting under the Air Toxics Hot Spots Act in California based on the most recent inventory were estimated to be 29,603 pounds of glutaraldehyde
Glutaraldehyde is a colorless, oily, liquid-chemical with a pungent odor. It is used for a number of applications such as the following:
A cold sterilant in the healthcare industry
A cross-linking and tanning agent
A biocide in metalworking fluids and in oil and gas pipelines
An antimicrobial in water-treatment systems
A slimicide in paper manufacturing
A preservative in cosmetics
A disinfectant in animal housing
A tissue fixative in histology and pathology labs
A hardening agent in the development of X-rays
In embalming solutions
In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses
In various clinical applications
In the health care industry, glutaraldehyde is most often used to disinfect equipment that cannot be heat sterilized such as dialysis instruments, surgical instruments, suction bottles, bronchoscopes, endoscopes, and ear, nose, and throat instruments.
Local: Glutaraldehyde containing two aldehyde groups, is used as a disinfectant. It is used in sterilizing medical and dental equipment which cannot be heat sterilized. It is used as a fixative for biological tissues and for leather tanning. It is used as a chemical intermediate to produce other compounds.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF DISINFECTANT: A disinfectant is an agent applied to inanimate objects to destroy, neutralize, or inhibit the growth of disease-carrying microorganisms, (whereas antiseptics are applied primarily to living things). Heat and radiation are also disinfectants. Common ingredients of chemical disinfectant are:
Mercuric Chlorides
Formaldehyde
8-Hydroxyquinoline
Copper Hydroxide
Cresol
Alcohols (Ethyl Alcohol; Isopropyl Alcohol)
Iodines / Iodophors
Chlorine releasing compounds
Gluteraldehyde
Phenolics
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
glutaraldehyde
Pentanedial
Glutaral
111-30-8
Glutaric dialdehyde
Cidex
Glutardialdehyde
1,5-Pentanedial
Sonacide
Pentane-1,5-dial
Glutaric aldehyde
Glutaraldehyd
Glutaralum
Glutarol
Ucarcide
Aldesan
Alhydex
Hospex
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
1,3-Diformylpropane
Gluteraldehyde
1,5-Pentanedione
Aldesen
Novaruca
Sporicidin
Aldehyd glutarowy
Polyglutaraldehyde
Poly(glutaraldehyde)
NCI-C55425
Caswell No. 468
Glutaraldehyd [Czech]
Glutaraldehyde solution
Glutaclean
Sterihyde
Aqucar
Glutaralum [INN-Latin]
Veruca-sep
Relugan GT
Relugan GTW
Aldehyd glutarowy [Polish]
component of Cidex
Glutarex 28
NSC 13392
Glutaral [USAN:INN:JAN]
Sonacide (TN)
Cidex 7
Ucarcide 250
UNII-T3C89M417N
Relugan GT 50
Sterihyde L (TN)
Pentanedial, homopolymer
Coldcide-25 microbiocide
EINECS 203-856-5
Glutaral (JAN/USP/INN)
BRN 0605390
Potentiated acid glutaraldehyde
1, 5-Pentanedial
Glutaraldehyde Solution, 25%
1,3-Diformyl propane
Diswart
Gludesin
Glutarol-1,5-pentanedial
CAS-111-30-8
Glutaric dialdehyde
pentandial
Dioxopentane
Glutural
Ucarset
Cidex
Diswart
Gludesin
Glutaral
Glutaraldehyde
Glutardialdehyde
Glutarol
Korsolex
Novaruca
Sekumatic
Sonacide
Sporicidin
111-30-8 [RN]
203-856-5 [EINECS]
glutaral [Wiki]
Glutaraldehyd [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Glutaraldehyde [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Glutaraldéhyde [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
glutaralum
Glutardialdehyde
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
Glutaric aldehyde
glutaric dialdehyde
Gluteraldehyde
MFCD00007025 [MDL number]
PENTANE-1,5-DIAL
Pentanedial [ACD/Index Name]
[111-30-8]
1,3-Diformyl propane
1,3-Diformylpropane
1,5-Pentanedial
5-Pentanedial
Aldehyd glutarowy [Polish]
Aldehyd glutarowy [Polish]
Aldesan
Aldesen
Alhydex
Aqucar
Bactron K31
Cidex
Cidex 7
Coldcide-25 microbiocide
Dioxopentane
Diswart
GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT
Gludesin
Glutaclean
Glutaral [USAN:INN:JAN] [INN] [JAN] [USAN]
Glutaraldehyd [Czech]
Glutaraldehyde (50per cent in water)
Glutaraldehyde solution, 50% in water
GLUTARALDEHYDE[3H(G)]
Glutaralum [Latin]
Glutaralum [INN-Latin]
Glutarex 28
Glutaricdialdehyde
Glutarol
Glutarol-1,5-pentanedial
Glutural
Hospex
Novaruca
PTD
Relugan GT
Relugan GT 50
Relugan GTW
Sonacide
Sporicidin
Sterihyde
Sterihyde L
STR01121
Ucarcide
Ucarcide 225
Ucarcide 250
Ucarset
Verucasep
Veruca-sep
Virsal
WLN: VH3VH
глутарал
غلوتارال
戊二醛 [Chinese]
戊二醛
1,3-Diformylpropane
Aldehyd glutarowy
Aldesan
Aldesen
Alhydex
Cidex
glutaral; glutaraldehyde; 1,5-pentanedial
Glutaraldehyde
Glutaralum
Glutardialdehyde
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
Glutaric aldehyde
Glutaric dialdehyde
Glutarol
Hospex
Pentane-1,5-dial
Sonacide
Translated names
1,5-pentaandiaal (et)
1,5-pentandial (hr)
1,5-pentandiale (it)
1,5-pentandialis (lt)
1,5-pentanedial (fr)
1,5-pentanodial (es)
1,5-pentándial (hu)
1,5-pentāndiāls (lv)
1,5-пентандиал (bg)
gluraraldeide (it)
Glutaaral (glutaaraldehyde) (nl)
glutaaraldehyd (nl)
glutaaraldehüüd (et)
Glutaraal (et)
Glutaraal (glutaaraldehüüd) (et)
Glutaraali (glutaarialdehydi) (fi)
glutaral (cs)
Glutaral (aldehyd glutarowy) (pl)
Glutaral (glutaraldehid) (hr)
Glutaral (Glutaraldehidă) (ro)
glutaral (glutaraldehyd) (cs)
Glutaral (Glutaraldehyde) (mt)
Glutaral (glutaraldehído) (es)
Glutaral (glutaraldeído) (pt)
Glutaral (glutaraldéhyde) (fr)
glutaraldehid (hr)
glutaraldehida (ro)
glutaraldehyd (cs)
glutaraldehydi (fi)
glutaraldehído (es)
glutaraldeído (pt)
glutaraldéhyde (fr)
glutarale (it)
Glutarale (Glutaraldeide) (it)
glutaralis (lt)
Glutaralis (glutaraldehidas) (lt)
Glutardialdehyd (de)
glutaro aldehidas (lt)
glutarál (sk)
Glutarál (Glutáraldehid) (hu)
glutarāls (lv)
Glutarāls (glutāraldehīds) (lv)
glutáraldehid (hu)
glutáraldehyd (sk)
glutāraldehīds (lv)
pentaanidiaali (fi)
pentandial (cs)
pentano-1,5-dial (pl)
pentándiál (sk)
pentándiál (glutáraldehyd) (sk)
Γλουταράλη (γλουταραλδεΰδη) (el)
γλουταραλδεΰδη (el)
глутарал (bg)
Глутарал (глутаралдехид) (bg)
глутаралалдехид (bg)
CAS names: Pentanedial
Other IUPAC names: 1,5-Pentandiol; Glutar aldehyde; glutaral; glutaraldehyde; 1,5-pentanedial; Glutaraldehyde - Solution (50 %);pentane 1,5 dial
Trade names
1,5-pentanedial (IUPAC and CTPA name)
1,5-Pentanedione
1,5-pentanedione (alternative chemical name)
AQUCAR™ GA 50 MUP Antimicrobial
AQUCAR™ GA 50 Water Treatment Microbiocide
Basolon GDA 50
BIOBAN™ GA 50 Antimicrobial
Common name: glutaraldehyde
Glutaclean
Glutaral (INCI name)
Glutaraldehyde
GLUTARALDEHYDE 50%
Glutarex 28
IUPAC name: 1,5-Pentanedial
Pentanedial (9CI)
Protectol GA 50 (trade name)
Protectol GDA (trade name)
Relugan 50 GT
Sepacid GA 50
Synonyms: glutardialdehyde, glutaric dialdehyde, glutaral
Tradenames: UCARCIDE(TM) 50 Antimicrobial
UCARCIDE(TM) 250 Antimicrobial
Other identifiers
107950-89-0
CAS number
111-30-8
CAS number
1428979-54-7
CAS number
1497435-71-8
CAS number
37245-61-7
CAS number
605-022-00-X