Hydrargillite is found in nature as the mineral gibbsite (also known as hydrargillite) and Hydrargillite three much rarer polymorphs: bayerite, doyleite, and nordstrandite.
Hydrargillite is amphoteric, i.e., Hydrargillite has both basic and acidic properties.
Hydrargillite is a halogen-free, environmentally friendly flame retardant and smoke suppressant filler for plastics and rubber.
CAS Number: 21645-51-2
EC Number: 244-492-7
Chemical Formula: Al(OH)3
Molar Mass: 78.003 g·mol−1
Hydrargillite is initially derived from bauxite ore, before being refined into a fine white powder.
Hydrargillite (also known as ATH and aluminium trihydroxide, chemical formula Al (OH)3) is initially derived from bauxite ore, before being refined into a fine white powder.
Annual production of Hydrargillite is around 100 million tons which is nearly all produced through the Bayer process.
The Bayer process dissolves bauxite (Aluminium Ore) in sodium hydroxide at elevated temperatures.
Hydrargillite is then separated from the solids that remain after the heating process.
The solids remaining after the Hydrargillite is removed is highly toxic and presents environmental issues.
Hydrargillite are available in different uncoated and coated grades, with average particle size varying from 2 microns to 80 microns as per application.
Hydrargillite is a common primary ingredient present in most solid surface material and accounts for as much as 70% of the total product.
Hydrargillite is used as a filler for epoxy, urethane, or polyester resins, where fire retardant properties or increased thermal conductivity are required.
Hydrargillite is white in color.
Hydrargillite is a flame retardant and smoke suppressant.
Hydrargillite thermodynamic properties, endothermic dehydration cools the plastic 6 rubber parts and dilutes the combustible gases with water vapours that is generated in case of fire.
Hydrargillite is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 000 to < 10 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Hydrargillite is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Hydrargillite is a halogen-free, environmentally friendly flame retardant and smoke suppressant filler for plastics and rubber.
Hydrargillite is suitable for a broad range of applications including solid surface, composites and electrical insulation.
Hydrargillite is a white, translucent powder that is also called aluminum hydroxide.
Hydrargillite is obtained from Bauxite.
When Hydrargillite is strongly heated, Hydrargillite will convert to Aluminum oxide with the release of water.
Hydrargillite is used as a base in the preparation of transparent lake pigments.
Hydrargillite is also used as an inert filler in paints and tends to increase the transparency of colors when dispersed in oils.
Hydrargillite is used commercially as a paper coating, flame retardant, water repellant, and as a filler in glass, ceramics, inks, detergents, cosmetics, and plastics.
Hydrargillite is found in nature as the mineral gibbsite (also known as Aluminium trihydrate) and Hydrargillite three much rarer polymorphs: bayerite, doyleite, and nordstrandite.
Hydrargillite is amphoteric, i.e., Hydrargillite has both basic and acidic properties.
Closely related are aluminium oxide hydroxide, AlO(OH), and aluminium oxide or alumina (Al2O3), the latter of which is also amphoteric.
These compounds together are the major components of the aluminium ore bauxite.
Hydrargillite also forms a gelatinous precipitate in water.
Hydrargillite is a non-halogen fire retardant and smoke suppressant.
Hydrargillite is a major mineral fire retardant being the largest selling fire retardant additive in the world.
Hydrargillite is used commercially as a paper coating, flame retardant, water repellant, and as a filler in glass, ceramics, inks, detergents, cosmetics, and plastics.
When strongly heated, Hydrargillite decomposes into aluminium oxide with release of water following an endothermic reaction.
Hydrargillite (ATH or hydrated alumina) is a non-toxic, non-corrosive, flame retardant and smoke suppressant utilized in elastomeric applications.
Hydrargillite is the most frequently used flame retardant in the world.
Hydrargillite is a very effective flame retardant due to Hydrargillite thermodynamic properties which absorb heat and release water vapor.
Hydrargillite releases its 35% water of crystallization as water vapor when heated above 205°C.
The resulting endothermic reaction cools Hydrargillite below flash point, reducing the risk of fire and acts as a vapor barrier to prevent oxygen from reaching the flame.
Typical loadings vary from 20 phr to 150 phr.
Because many polymers like polyethylene and polypropylene process above 200°C, these polyolefins should use magnesium hydroxide as a flame retardant filler since Hydrargillite water of hydration releases at approximately 325°C.
Hydrargillites are obtained by digestion of bauxite throughout the Bayer process.
Hydrargillite starts to remove constitution water above 180°C
Water removal cools the surface and eliminates entry of oxygen, which confers flame retardant properties and smoke suppressant.
Accordingly Hydrargillite is a necessary raw material for products like rubber, polyurethane, polyester, silicone, thermoplastic, cables, etc. with fire retardant properties.
Hydrargillite has a number of common names used throughout the chemical industry which include: Hydrate Alumina, Alumina Hydrate, Aluminium Tri Hydroxide, ATH, Aluminium Hydrate and Aluminium Hydroxide.
Hydrargillite is a white, odorless, powdery, solid substance.
Hydrargillite demonstrates a very low solubility in water but is considered to be amphoteric, meaning Hydrargillite will dissolve in both acids or a strong alkali.
The most common use of Hydrargillite is for the production of aluminum metal.
Hydrargillite is also used as a flame retardant and smoke suppressant filler in polymers such as rubber products and carpet backing.
Hydrargillite is a white filling material that provides flame retardant and self-extinguishing properties for polyester resins and gelcoats.
Hydrargillite exposes water molecules within the body at high temperatures to reduce flame spread and smoke formation.
Hydrargillite is used in GRP pipe applications, in acrylic applications and in other multicomponent applications.
Aluminum trihydrate (also known as aluminum hydrate, alumina hydrate, aluminum hydroxide, or ATH) is a filler, extender pigment, and bodying agent in oil- and water-borne paint that does not greatly affect the color of the paint.
This is an 8-micron median particle size extender that is a white to tan colored powder and can be added to paint to impart transparency to the paint film.
Hydrargillite is the most widely used flame retardant in commercial coatings due to Hydrargillite versatility and low cost.
Hydrargillite can be used in a wide range of paint binders at processing temperatures below 220°C.
Hydrargillite is non-toxic, halogen-free, chemically inert, and has low abrasiveness.
Additional benefits are acid resistance and smoke suppression.
At about 220°C, Hydrargillite begins to decompose endothermically releasing approximately 35% of Hydrargillite weight as water vapor.
AI2O3•3H2O + HEAT —–> AI2O3 + 3 H2O
Hydrargillite acts as a heat sink thereby retarding pyrolysis and reducing the burning rate.
The water vapor released has an added effect of diluting combustion gases and toxic fumes.
Hydrargillite is the hydrated oxide of aluminium.
Aluminium hydrate is separated from bauxite ore using the Bayer process, with average particle size ranging from 80-100 micron.
The block crystals of alumina hydrate impart good chemical reactivity.
Alumina hydrate can react with a base as well as an acid, and finds use in many applications as raw material.
After drying, alumina hydrate is ground using mechanical mills and ceramic lined ball mills to obtain finer particle sizes.
Hindalco manufactures ground hydrate with different particle size (5-15 micron) distribution.
Surface-treated fine hydrate as well as super-ground fine hydrate (1-2.5 micron) are also available.
Hydrargillite obtained in the Bayer process, is calcined at temperature above 1200°C and up to 1600°C to manufacture special grade alumina.
During calcinations, alumina hydrate crystals lose bound moisture and recrystallise to form alumina crystals.
The particle size of alumina remains at 85-100 micron.
Special alumina contains predominantly alpha phase.
The degree of calcination is a measure of the hardness of alumina – soft to hard.
Coarse alumina is classified based on the soda (Na2O) content:
Low soda alumina - Na2O <0.1%
Medium soda alumina - 0.1% < Na2O <0.2%
Normal Soda alumina - 0.20% < Na2O < 0.45%
Calcined alumina is ground in fluid energy mills or ceramic lined ball mills to meet the desired particle size required by the customers.
Hindalco manufactures fine alumina with varying particle size (0.5 to 8 micron) and distribution.
Low soda, medium soda and normal soda type are available in fine alumina also.
The global Hydrargillite market size was valued at USD 1.5 billion in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 1.9 billion by 2025, growing at a cagr 5.5% from 2020 to 2025.
The major drivers for the market include the rising consumer demand for Hydrargillite in different applications and enduse industries, such as flame retardants, and paints & coatings.
However, the substitutes present in the market, for instance, magnesium hydroxide, can restrain the market growth.
Covid-19 Impact On The Global Hydrargillite Market:
The global Hydrargillite market is expected to witness a moderate decrease in Hydrargillite growth rate in 2020-2021, as the Hydrargillite industry witness a significant decline in Hydrargillite production.
Hydrargillite has affected the market for Hydrargillite manufacturers catering to the glass and rubber industries, which were not considered essential.
Moreover, most of the global companies operating in this market are based in Asia Pacific, the US, and European countries, which are adversely affected by the pandemic.
These companies having their manufacturing units in China and other Asian countries are also severely affected.
Therefore, disruptions in the supply chain have resulted in hampering production units due to a lack of raw materials and workforce.
Hydrargillite Market Dynamics:
Driver: Increasing demand for non-halogenated flame retardants:
The growing number of residential and commercial establishments has increased the possibilities of explosions and fire-related accidents.
Therefore, several countries across North America and Europe have mandated stringent fire safety regulations and protocols.
This has led to the increased use of flame retardants in buildings to meet these government regulations.
The major application of flame retardants is in electric wire insulation in building & construction, and transportation.
Flame retardants are used in circuit boards, electronic casing, and cables & wire systems.
Stringent fire safety standards to reduce the spread of fires in residential and commercial buildings are driving the demand for halogen-free flame retardants.
Opportunities:
Use of Hydrargillite in water treatment plants Hydrargillite (alum) is the most common coagulant used in water and wastewater treatment.
The main purpose of using alum in these applications is to improve the settling of suspended solids and color removal.
Alum is also used to remove phosphate from wastewater treatment effluent.
Thus, the growing urbanization in emerging economies, such as China and India, is expected to fuel the demand for water treatment plants in residential areas.
Nevertheless, many people still lack access to safe water and suffer from preventable water-borne microbial diseases leading to the increased demand for wastewater treatment plants.
Thus, the use of aluminum hydroxide in water treatment plants in residential areas is expected to act as an opportunity for the growth of the Hydrargillite market across the globe.
Challenges:
Environmental issues related to alumina production:
Alumina production leads to bauxite residue, also known as red mud.
The disposal of bauxite residue/red mud is a challenge due to relatively large volumes, occupying land areas, and the alkalinity of the residue and the run-off water.
Only a very small proportion of the bauxite residue produced are re-used in any way.
Although the residue has a number of characteristics of environmental concern, the most immediate and apparent barrier to remediation and utilization is Hydrargillite high alkalinity and sodicity.
The high pH of the bauxite residue is a problem from both a health and safety point-of-view.
This can pose a challenge for the Hydrargillite market.
Applications of Hydrargillite:
Over 90% of all Hydrargillite produced is converted to Aluminium Oxide (alumina) that is used to manufacture aluminum.
As a flame retardant, Hydrargillite is chemically added to a polymer molecule or blended in with a polymer to suppress and reduce the spreading of a flame through a plastic.
Hydrargillite is also used as an antacid that can be ingested in order to buffer the pH within the stomach.
Hydrargillite is the hydrated oxide of aluminium.
Hydrargillite is separated from ore bauxite using Bayer process with average particle size ranging from 80-100 micron.
The blocky crystals of Hydrargillite impart good reactivity.
Hydrargillite can react with a base as well as an acid and finds many applications as raw material.
Hydrargillite is used in the manufacture of many inorganic chemicals like:
Non- ferric alum
Poly aluminium chloride
Aluminium fluoride
Sodium aluminate
Catalysts
Glass
Hydrargillite gel
Alumina hydrate is available in wet as well as dry form.
Hydrargillite is a halogen-free, environmentally friendly flame retardant and smoke suppressant filler for plastics and rubber.
KEYWORDS:
21645-51-2, 244-492-7, DTXSID20421935, MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N, Dried aluminum hydroxide gel, aluminum hyroxide, CHEMBL1200706, Di-mu-hydroxytetrahydroxydialuminum, AF-260, AKOS015904617
Fine hydrate:
Hydrargillite contain 3 molecules of water.
On exposure to heat above 220°C, alumina hydrate decomposes into aluminium oxide (alumina) and water.
This irreversible, endothermic reaction process makes alumina hydrate an effective flame retardant.
Also, the smoke generated by decomposition is non-corrosive and non-poisonous.
Ground alumina hydrate is used as fire retardant filler in applications like polymer composites, cable compounds, solid surface counter tops, etc.
Uses of Hydrargillite:
Of the Common fillers used in Plastics, Rubber, FRP, SMC, DMC moulding and other polymers only Hydrargillite has flame retarding and smoke suppressing properties as well as being an economical resin extender.
Hydrargillite is used in polyester resins.
However with increased attention being given to smoke & toxic fume emissions, Hydrargillite has found large volume application in vinyl as a low smoke, non toxic replacement for antimony and in polyurethane, latex, neoprene foam system, Rubber, wire & Cable insulation, vinyl walls & flooring coverings and epoxies.
Hydrargillite acts as a flame retardant and smoke suppressor because of Hydrargillite thermodynamic properties.
Hydrargillite endothermic dehydration cools the plastic & Rubber parts and dilute with water vapour those combustible gases that do escape.
The latter is probably the main phenomenon associated with smoke suppression other excellent performance include electrical and track resistance.
Hydrargillite widely use in Paper Industries as a whitening agent in place of titanium dioxide.
Hydrargillite is also use in Paints Industries.
Hydrargillite can replace upto 25% of the Titanium dioxide pigment & therefore is an economical extender reducing production cost.
Fire retardant filler:
Hydrargillite also finds use as a fire retardant filler for polymer applications.
Hydrargillite is selected for these applications because Hydrargillite is colorless (like most polymers), inexpensive, and has good fire retardant properties.
Magnesium hydroxide and mixtures of huntite and hydromagnesite are used similarly.
Hydrargillite decomposes at about 180 °C (356 °F), absorbing a considerable amount of heat in the process and giving off water vapour.
In addition to behaving as a fire retardant, Hydrargillite is very effective as a smoke suppressant in a wide range of polymers, most especially in polyesters, acrylics, ethylene vinyl acetate, epoxies, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and rubber.
Precursor to Al compounds:
Hydrargillite is a feedstock for the manufacture of other aluminium compounds: calcined aluminas, aluminium sulfate, polyaluminium chloride, aluminium chloride, zeolites, sodium aluminate, activated alumina, and aluminium nitrate.
Freshly precipitated Hydrargillite forms gels, which are the basis for the application of aluminium salts as flocculants in water purification.
This gel crystallizes with time.
Hydrargillite gels can be dehydrated (e.g. using water-miscible non-aqueous solvents like ethanol) to form an amorphous Hydrargillite powder, which is readily soluble in acids.
Heating converts Hydrargillite to activated aluminas, which are used as desiccants, adsorbent in gas purification, and catalyst supports.
Pharmaceutical:
Under the generic name "algeldrate", Hydrargillite is used as an antacid in humans and animals (mainly cats and dogs).
Hydrargillite is preferred over other alternatives such as sodium bicarbonate because Al(OH)3, being insoluble, does not increase the pH of stomach above 7 and hence, does not trigger secretion of excess acid by the stomach.
Brand names include Alu-Cap, Aludrox, Gaviscon or Pepsamar.
Hydrargillite reacts with excess acid in the stomach, reducing the acidity of the stomach content, which may relieve the symptoms of ulcers, heartburn or dyspepsia.
Such products can cause constipation, because the aluminium ions inhibit the contractions of smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract, slowing peristalsis and lengthening the time needed for stool to pass through the colon.
Some such products are formulated to minimize such effects through the inclusion of equal concentrations of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium carbonate, which have counterbalancing laxative effects.
Hydrargillite is also used to control hyperphosphatemia (elevated phosphate, or phosphorus, levels in the blood) in people and animals suffering from kidney failure.
Normally, the kidneys filter excess phosphate out from the blood, but kidney failure can cause phosphate to accumulate.
The aluminium salt, when ingested, binds to phosphate in the intestines and reduce the amount of phosphorus that can be absorbed.
Precipitated Hydrargillite is included as an adjuvant in some vaccines (e.g. anthrax vaccine).
One of the well-known brands of Hydrargillite adjuvant is Alhydrogel, made by Brenntag Biosector.
Since Hydrargillite absorbs protein well, Hydrargillite also functions to stabilize vaccines by preventing the proteins in the vaccine from precipitating or sticking to the walls of the container during storage.
Hydrargillite is sometimes called "alum", a term generally reserved for one of several sulfates.
Vaccine formulations containing Hydrargillite stimulate the immune system by inducing the release of uric acid, an immunological danger signal.
This strongly attracts certain types of monocytes which differentiate into dendritic cells.
The dendritic cells pick up the antigen, carry Hydrargillite to lymph nodes, and stimulate T cells and B cells.
Hydrargillite appears to contribute to induction of a good Th2 response, so is useful for immunizing against pathogens that are blocked by antibodies.
However, Hydrargillite has little capacity to stimulate cellular (Th1) immune responses, important for protection against many pathogens, nor is Hydrargillite useful when the antigen is peptide-based.
Hydrargillite is used in various industries as:
Hydrargillite is used as a raw material in the production of Aluminium chemicals
Hydrargillite is used as a raw material in the manufacture of glass and glazes
Hydrargillite is used as a raw material in catalyst production
Hydrargillite is used as a flame retardant and smoke suppressant filler in plastics (for example: Cables, rubber products and carpet backing)
Hydrargillite is used as a raw material for fertilizers, and fiber cement board products
Hydrargillite is used as an extender and a bodying agent in paper, solvent- and water-borne paints, UV-curable coatings, inks, and adhesives
Hydrargillite is used as a polishing and cleansing agent Mould wash and separating agent
Hydrargillite is used as a filler of cast polymer products such as onyx and solid surfaces
Uses at industrial sites:
Hydrargillite is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polymers and washing & cleaning products.
Hydrargillite has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Hydrargillite is used in the following areas: mining, building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Hydrargillite is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, furniture, plastic products and rubber products.
Release to the environment of Hydrargillite can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of Hydrargillite and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Hydrargillite is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).
Consumer Uses:
Hydrargillite is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, coating products, inks and toners, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, pharmaceuticals, adhesives and sealants, washing & cleaning products, lubricants and greases and polishes and waxes.
Release to the environment of Hydrargillite can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Other release to the environment of Hydrargillite is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Widespread uses by professional workers:
Hydrargillite is used in the following products: inks and toners, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, cosmetics and personal care products, lubricants and greases and polishes and waxes.
Hydrargillite is used in the following areas: building & construction work, printing and recorded media reproduction, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Hydrargillite is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur and wood and wood products.
Other release to the environment of Hydrargillite is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Hydrargillite is characterised by:
High purity
High whiteness
Relatively low density (2.4g/cm3) compared to other mineral fillers (typically 2.7g/cm3)
Medium Mohs hardness of 3
Decomposition around 180oC, releasing water (making Hydrargillite an excellent halogen-free flame retardant)
Properties of Hydrargillite:
Hydrargillite is amphoteric.
In acid, Hydrargillite acts as a Brønsted–Lowry base.
Hydrargillite neutralizes the acid, yielding a salt:
3 HCl + Al(OH)3 → AlCl3 + 3 H2O
In bases, Hydrargillite acts as a Lewis acid by binding hydroxide ions:
Al(OH)3 + OH− → [Al(OH)4]−
Physical Properties:
Powdery substance
Odorless
Non-carcinogenic
Hydrargillite adds thermal properties that provide translucency and whiteness
Solid surface material
Non-smoking
Low-toxicity
Halogen-free
Flame retardant
Performance Benefits of Hydrargillite:
Flame retardant / smoke suppressant
Ultra-white / translucent
High purity – blush resistance
Faster gel time
Low viscosity / higher loadings
Higher mechanical properties
Production of Hydrargillite:
Virtually all the Hydrargillite used commercially is manufactured by the Bayer process which involves dissolving bauxite in sodium hydroxide at temperatures up to 270 °C (518 °F).
The waste solid, bauxite tailings, is removed and Hydrargillite is precipitated from the remaining solution of sodium aluminate.
This Hydrargillite can be converted to aluminium oxide or alumina by calcination.
The residue or bauxite tailings, which is mostly iron oxide, is highly caustic due to residual sodium hydroxide.
Hydrargillite was historically stored in lagoons; this led to the Ajka alumina plant accident in 2010 in Hungary, where a dam bursting led to the drowning of nine people.
An additional 122 sought treatment for chemical burns.
The mud contaminated 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi) of land and reached the Danube.
While the mud was considered non-toxic due to low levels of heavy metals, the associated slurry had a pH of 13.
Structure of Hydrargillite:
Al(OH)3 is built up of double layers of hydroxyl groups with aluminium ions occupying two-thirds of the octahedral holes between the two layers.
Four polymorphs are recognized.
All feature layers of octahedral Hydrargillite units, with hydrogen bonds between the layers.
The polymorphs differ in terms of the stacking of the layers.
All forms of Al(OH)3 crystals are hexagonal:
Gibbsite is also known as γ-Al(OH)3 or α-Al(OH)3
Bayerite is also known as α-Al(OH)3 or β-Hydrargillite
Nordstrandite is also known as Al(OH)3
Doyleite
Aluminium trihydrate, once thought to be Hydrargillite, is an aluminium phosphate.
Nonetheless, both gibbsite and Aluminium trihydrate refer to the same polymorphism of Hydrargillite, with gibbsite used most commonly in the United States and hydrargillite used more often in Europe.
Hydrargillite is named after the Greek words for water (hydra) and clay (argylles).
Safety of Hydrargillite:
In the 1960s and 1970s Hydrargillite was speculated that aluminium was related to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease.
Since then, multiple epidemiological studies have found no connection between exposure to environmental or swallowed aluminium and neurological disorders, though injected aluminium was not looked at in these studies.
Neural disorders were found in experiments on mice motivated by Gulf War illness (GWI).
Hydrargillite injected in doses equivalent to those administered to the United States military, showed increased reactive astrocytes, increased apoptosis of motor neurons and microglial proliferation within the spinal cord and cortex.
Identifiers of Hydrargillite:
CAS Number: 21645-51-2
ChEBI: CHEBI:33130
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1200706
ChemSpider: 8351587
DrugBank: DB06723
ECHA InfoCard: 100.040.433
KEGG: D02416
PubChem CID: 10176082
RTECS number: BD0940000
UNII: 5QB0T2IUN0
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2036405
InChI: InChI=1S/Al.3H2O/h;3*1H2/q+3;;;/p-3
Key: WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K
A02AB02 (WHO) (algeldrate)
InChI=1/Al.3H2O/h;3*1H2/q+3;;;/p-3
Key: WNROFYMDJYEPJX-DFZHHIFOAJ
SMILES: [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3]
CAS number: 21645-51-2
EC number: 244-492-7
Hill Formula: AlH₃O₃
Chemical formula: Al(OH)₃ * x H₂O
Molar Mass: 78 g/mol
HS Code: 2818 30 00
Quality Level: MQ200
Properties of Hydrargillite:
Chemical formula: Al(OH)3
Molar mass: 78.003 g·mol−1
Appearance: White amorphous powder
Density: 2.42 g/cm3, solid
Melting point: 300 °C (572 °F; 573 K)
Solubility in water: 0.0001 g/(100 mL)
Solubility product (Ksp): 3×10−34
Solubility: soluble in acids and alkalis
Acidity (pKa): >7
Isoelectric point: 7.7
Density: 2.42 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 300 °C Elimination of water of crystallisation
pH value: 8 - 9 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C) (slurry)
Vapor pressure: <0.1 hPa (20 °C)
Molecular Weight: 81.028 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 81.0132325 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 81.0132325 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Complexity: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 4
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Thermochemistry of Hydrargillite:
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −1277 kJ·mol−1
Specifications of Hydrargillite:
Identity: conforms
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.01 %
Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 0.05 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.01 %
Na (Sodium): ≤ 0.3 %
Loss on ignition (700 °C): 30.0 - 35.0 %
Bulk density: about 90
Particle size (< 150 µm): about 90
Related compounds of Hydrargillite:
Boric acid
Gallium(III) hydroxide
Indium(III) hydroxide
Thallium(III) hydroxide
Scandium(III) hydroxide
Sodium oxide
Aluminium oxide hydroxide
Names of Hydrargillite:
Regulatory process names:
Aluminium hydroxide
aluminium hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide, dried
IUPAC names:
Alumina hydrate
ALUMINA TRIHYDRATE
Alumina trihydrate
ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE
Aluminium Hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide
aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium Hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide
aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide, Alumina hydrate
Aluminium hydroxide_JS
Aluminium hydroxyde
aluminium trihydrate
Aluminium trihydrate
Aluminium trihydroxide
aluminium trihydroxide
aluminium(3+) ion trihydroxide
Aluminium(3+) trihydroxide
aluminium(3+) trihydroxide
aluminium(III) hydroxide
Aluminiumhydroxid
aluminuim hydroxide
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE
Aluminum Hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide
aluminum hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3)
Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3)
Aluminum Trihydrate
Aluminum trihydrate
aluminum trihydrate
Aluminum trihydroxide
aluminum trihydroxide
ATH
Hydrate
Sulcabai
Preferred IUPAC name:
Aluminium hydroxide
Systematic IUPAC name:
Trihydroxidoaluminium
Trade names:
AB H-Series Alumina Trihydrate
Actilox
ALH-……
ALOLT-……….
Alumina Hydrate
Alumina hydrate
Aluminium hydrate
Aluminium Hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide
aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium trihydroxide
Aluminiumhydroxid
Aluminum hydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide highly dispersed precipitated
aluminum trihydrate
Apyral
BARIACE
BARIFINE
Bayerit
Geloxal
Hidróxido de aluminio
Hydrate
Hydrated alumina
hydroxid hlinitý
HYMOD® Surface-Treated Alumina Trihydrate
JR-800, MT-500SA etc.
KB-30, HS , HC, Hydrate, Aluminium hydroxide
MARTIFILL®
MARTIFIN®
MARTINAL®
MICRAL® Alumina Trihydrate
MOLDX® Optimized Alumina Trihydrate
ONYX ELITE® Alumina Trihydrate
R-11P
SB Alumina Trihydrate
Sigunit
SSP
STR
T-Lite
VOGA
Other names:
Aluminium oxide, hydrate
Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3)
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), hydrate
Aluminic acid
Aluminic hydroxide
Alumanetriol
Aluminium(III) hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium trihydroxide
Hydrated alumina
Orthoaluminic acid
Other identifiers:
106152-09-4
1071843-34-9
12040-59-4
12252-70-9
128083-27-2
1302-29-0
1333-84-2
13783-16-9
151393-94-1
156259-59-5
159704-77-5
16657-47-9
1847408-13-2
21645-51-2
227961-51-5
51330-22-4
546141-62-2
546141-68-8
8012-63-3
8064-00-4
Synonyms of Hydrargillite:
Aluminium trihydrate
Aluminum, trihydrate
DTXSID20421935
MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
aluminum;trihydroxide
Dried aluminum hydroxide gel
Aluminium hydroxide gel, dried
aluminium trihydroxide
aluminum hyroxide
Hydroxyde d' aluminium
Dried aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium hydroxide, dried
Aluminum hydroxide gel, dried
CHEMBL1200706
DTXSID2036405
NIOSH/BD0708000
Di-mu-hydroxytetrahydroxydialuminum
AF-260
AKOS015904617
Aluminum, di-mu-hydroxytetrahydroxydi-
DB06723
BD07080000
Aluminium trihydrate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Aluminium, trihydrate [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Aluminiumtrihydrat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
106152-09-4 [RN]
12252-70-9 [RN]
128083-27-2 [RN]
1302-29-0 [RN]
13783-16-9 [RN]
14762-49-3 [RN]
151393-94-1 [RN]
159704-77-5 [RN]
21645-51-2 [RN]
51330-22-4 [RN]
8012-63-3 [RN]
8064-00-4 [RN]
AC 714KC
AKP-DA
Al(OH)3
Alcoa A 325
Alcoa AS 301
Alcoa C 30BF
Alcoa C 31
Alcoa C 33
Alcoa C 330
Alcoa C 331
Alcoa C 333
Alcoa C 385
Alcoa H 65
Alhydrogel [Wiki]
Alolt 8
ALterna GEL [Trade name]
ALternaGEL
Alu-Cap
Alugel
Alugelibye
Alumigel
Alumina trihydrate
Aluminic acid (H3AlO3)
Aluminium hydroxide [Wiki]
aluminium(3+) hydroxide
aluminium(III) hydroxide
Aluminiumhydroxid
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE [USP]
Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3)
Aluminum Hydroxide Gel
Aluminum hydroxide, dried [JAN]
Aluminum oxide trihydrate
Aluminum trihydroxide
Aluminum(III) hydroxide
Alusal
Amberol ST 140F
Amorphous alumina
Amphogel
Amphojel
Antipollon HT
Apyral
Apyral 120
Apyral 120VAW
Apyral 15
Apyral 2
Apyral 24
Apyral 25
Apyral 4
Apyral 40
Apyral 60
Apyral 8
Apyral 90
Apyral B
Arthritis Pain Formula Maximum Strength
Ascriptin
BACO AF 260
Boehmite
British aluminum AF 260
C 31C
C 31F
C 4D
C-31-F
Calcitrel
Calmogastrin
Camalox
Dialume [Trade name]
Di-Gel Liquid
Gelusil
Gibbsite (Al(OH)3)
Higilite
Higilite H 31S
Higilite H 32
Higilite H 42
Hychol 705
Hydrafil
Hydral 705
Hydral 710
Hydrated Alumina
Hydrated aluminum oxide
Kudrox
Liquigel
Maalox [Wiki]
Maalox HRF
Maalox Plus
Martinal
Martinal A
Martinal A/S
Martinal F-A
Mylanta [Wiki]
P 30BF
Reheis F 1000
Simeco Suspension
Tricreamalate
Trihydrated alumina
trihydroxidoaluminium
Trihydroxyaluminum
Trisogel
WinGel