Polyaluminium Chloride = PAC
Product name POLYALUMINIUM CHLORIDE ( PAC 17 )
Chemical name Polyaluminium chloride
Product number DD.44.264
CAS number 1327-41-9
EC number 215-477-2
Polyaluminium Chloride is an acidic solution.
Classified as corrosive at higher concentrations, Polyaluminium Chloride is typically yellow in colour.
Polyaluminium Chloride is miscible with water at all concentrations although dilute solutions hydrolyse to precipitate Aluminium Hydroxide (Al(OH)3).
Polyaluminium Chloride is not a single product, but a spectrum of polymers which are characterised by their strength (usually in % Al2O3) and basicity – the latter gives an indication of the polymeric composition of PAC.
What Is Polyaluminium Chloride?
Polyaluminium Chloride is a water chemical made up of the elements aluminium, oxygen, hydrogen, and chlorine.
Polyaluminium Chloride is also known as Aluminium Chloride Hydroxide and is abbreviated as PAC.
Polyaluminium Chloride is a yellow colored, water soluble solid with the chemical formula [Al2(OH)nCl6-n]m.
The chemical comes in the forms Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) 28% and Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) 30%.
Polyaluminium Chloride has many industrial uses but primarily it is used in the processes of flocculation in water treatment industries.
Polyaluminium Chloride Feathures:
Using Polyaluminium Chloride as flocculant, the speed of flocs forming and settling is quick.
Flocs formed is easy to filter
Comparing to aluminium sulfate flocculant, the quality of water treated with PAC is better; the total cost reduced by 15%~30%, and the solubility is better.
Polyaluminium Chloride can be applied to water with broad pH range.
The floc function valid in water of pH 5 to pH 9
Comparing to inorganic flocculants, Polyaluminium Chloride is suitable for water of broad temperature, and is functional in low temperature water.
Polyaluminium Chloride reduces less basicity less, so less or no basifier needed.
There is fewer salts in water treated with Polyaluminium Chloride, this is good for high purity water purifying and ion-exchange treatment
The corrosivity of Polyaluminium Chloride is lower, easy to transfer, handle and operate.
Polyaluminium Chloride Applications:
-Drinking water and sanitary sewage.
-Industrial water, industrial waste water, mine and water for oilfield injection, chemical waste water in industry of paper-making, metallurgy, washed coal and leather.
-Industry and makes waste water recyclable: paper-making glue, printing and dying, concrete hardener, precision casting hardener, glycerine refinement, crease-resistant for fabric, medicine, cosmetics and etc.
-Oil-water separation and has good effects in the oil refining industry.
The main use of Polyaluminium Chloride is in water treatment:
Drinking water treatment – coagulant
Waste water treatment – coagulant and precipitant
Process water treatment – coagulant
Effluent treatment – coagulant
Swimming pool water treatment – clarification and filtration aid
Manufacture of paper
Polyaluminium chloride(aluminium chlorohydrate) also simply called PAC, is used in deodorants and as a coagulant in water purification.
This compound is preferred in some cases because of its high charge, which makes it more effective at destabilizing and removing suspended materials than other aluminium salts.
CAS No.: 1327-41-9
Polyaluminium Chloride Uses:
Polyaluminium Chloride is an extremely useful chemical.
Polyaluminium Chloride is a water chemical most popularly used for water treatment.
Introduction of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Polyaluminium Chloride is a water purification material, inorganic polymer coagulant, also referred to as Poly aluminum, abbreviated as PAC, an inorganic polymer water treatment agent having a relatively large molecular weight and a relatively high charge is produced due to bridging action of hydroxide ions and polymerization of polyvalent anions.
In the form can be divided into two kinds of solid and liquid.
Solid according to different colors are divided into Tan, beige, golden yellow and white, liquid can appear as colorless transparent, yellowish, light yellow to yellow brown.
Different colors of Polyaluminium Chloride in the application and production technology are also quite different.
Polyaluminium Chloride is an inorganic polymer coagulant, also referred to as Poly aluminum, abbreviated as PAC, an inorganic polymer water treatment agent having a relatively large molecular weight and a relatively high charge is produced due to bridging action of hydroxide ions and polymerization of polyvalent anions.
In the form can be divided into two kinds of solid and liquid, and solid according to different colors are divided into brown, yellow and white, different colors of Polyaluminium Chloride in the application and production technology are also quite different.
White polymeric aluminum chloride is also known as a polymer coagulant.
Is by aluminum hydroxide powder and high purity hydrochloric acid by spray drying processing of a white or milky white milk powder like fine powder, exposed in the air is very easy to melt.
White polyaluminum chloride has replaced aluminum sulfate as a neutral sizing precipitant in the paper industry.
Nature of Polyaluminium Chloride:
The liquid product of polyaluminum chloride is a light yellow to brown yellow suspension, and the solid product is a light yellow or orange yellow crystalline powder.
Polyaluminium Chloride is composed of a series of inorganic polymer compounds with different degrees of polymerization, and has the best morphological distribution.
The content of alumina in the transition product is more than 8%, and the content of alumina in the solid product is 20% ~ 40%.
Strong removal of organic toxicants and heavy metal ions, stable traits.
Polyaluminium Chloride is soluble in water, the hydrolysis process is accompanied by electrochemical, coagulation, adsorption and precipitation and other physical and chemical processes.
Preparation Method of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Using industrial aluminum chips to make water purification agent polyaluminum chloride is a simple and economical method, because the main components of industrial aluminum chips are aluminum (94%), aluminum oxide (0.5%), impurities (5.5%), the purity of the water purifying agent after polymerization is relatively high, the production process is relatively simple, and the product after reaction can be cured.
Polyaluminum chloride can also be obtained by acid dissolution of aluminum ash.
Uses of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Basic aluminum chloride is a new type of inorganic polymer flocculant, which is an efficient, fast and low consumption water treatment agent.
In the water and the negative charge of the colloidal particles with the instant neutralization, so that the colloidal de-stable, colloidal particles quickly flocculate, and further bridge the formation of large flocs and rapid precipitation.
The turbidity removal effect is 1. 5~3 times of aluminum sulfate according to the comparison of effective components.
The flocculation effect of low temperature turbidity water and high turbidity water is incomparable to ordinary inorganic coagulant.
Widely Polyaluminium Chloride is used in urban water treatment, water reuse treatment, urban sewage treatment, oilfield reinjection water treatment, circulating cooling water treatment, industrial water treatment and papermaking, printing and dyeing, leather, ceramics, metallurgy, mining, oil, fluoride, coal washing and other industrial wastewater treatment.
The effective dosage of the product is 20~50mg/L.
The liquid product can be directly metered and added, and the solid product needs to be prepared into 10% ~ 15% solution in the dissolution tank before it is metered and added according to the required concentration.
Polyaluminum chloride can also be used in papermaking sizing, casting molding, pharmaceutical refining, cosmetics manufacturing, Catalyst Carrier, sludge dewatering, cement quick setting, fabric wrinkle prevention, sugar liquid, glycerin refining and so on.
Uses of Polyaluminium Chloride:
-urban water supply and drainage purification: river water, reservoir water, groundwater.
-Industrial water purification.
-municipal wastewater treatment.
-the recovery of useful substances in industrial waste water and waste residue, the promotion of coal dust sedimentation in coal washing wastewater, and the recovery of starch in starch manufacturing industry.
-various industrial wastewater treatment: printing and dyeing wastewater, leather wastewater, fluoride wastewater, heavy metal wastewater, oily wastewater, paper wastewater, coal washing wastewater, mine wastewater, brewing wastewater, metallurgical wastewater, meat processing wastewater, sewage treatment.
-paper sizing.
-refined sugar solution.
-casting molding.
-fabric anti-wrinkle.
-catalyst support.
-pharmaceutical refining
-rapid setting of cement.
-cosmetic raw materials.
Polyaluminium Chloride forms [Al12(OH)24AlO4 (H2O)12]+7 in aqueous solutions features the material with unique coagulation characteristics that makes it suitable for many hygienic and environmental applications.
Polyaluminium Chloride is similar to alum, with several important differences:
– Partially pre-neutralized (Higher basicity than alum). Basicity (OH/Al ratio) is the unit for measuring the degree of acid neutralization. Basicity can varied from 0% (aluminum chloride solution) to 83% (aluminum chlorohydrate solution). Typically available Polyaluminium Chloride solution products have basicities ranging from 10% – 70%.
– Contain Cl instead of SO4.
– Contain up to 3 times the Aluminium (Al2O3) content.
– The aluminum part of the product becomes more polymerized, ensuing in higher cationic charge and improved performance capabilities.
Generally, Polyaluminium Chloride presents higher hygienic properties, economic advantage, and usage convenience that all together put this material on increase demand rate, globally.
Golgah, as one of the main providers of Polyaluminium Chloride in Iran, offers quality PAC in solid or liquid form using its own production lines and/or its international supply network, as well.
Synonyms:
– PACI
– PAC Solid
– Polyaluminium Chloride Solid
Uses of Polyaluminium Chloride:
-Municipal, Industrial, and Agricultural Waste Water Treatment Plants
-Pulp & Paper Mills
-Oil, Gas, and Petrochemical Industries
-Oil Drilling and Transportation
-Textile and Tanning
-Ceramic and Tile Factories
-Food and Drug
-Power Plants
-Automotive and Down Stream Industries
-Slaughterhouses
Applications of Polyaluminium Chloride:
-Municipal and Industrial Waste Water Treatment
-Turbidity, Color, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Removal
-Increase Filter Life
-Sludge Reduction
-Retention and Drainage Aid
-Recycling paper pulp from white water
-Declorization
Features of Polyaluminium Chloride:
-Strong Flocculant
-High Cationic Charge
-High Effective pH Range
-Effective in Low to High Temperatures
-Removes Turbidity of Wide Range (Small and Large Particles)
Advantages of Polyaluminium Chloride:
-Effective
-Hygienic
-Economical
-Ease of Use
Method of use of Polyaluminium Chloride:
The solid product is dissolved into liquid by adding water at 1:3, and then diluted with 10-30 times of clear water to the required concentration before use.
The optimal pH value is 3.5-5.0, and the maximum benefit of coagulation can be obtained by selecting the optimal pH value.
The dosage can be determined according to the different turbidity of raw water, the best dosage, the general raw water turbidity in 100-500mg/L, the dosage of 10-20kg per thousand tons.
When the turbidity of raw water is high, the dosage is appropriately increased, and when the turbidity is low, the dosage can be appropriately decreased.
For use in rural areas, the medicament can be put into a water tank, stirred evenly, and allowed to stand.
The supernatant can be used, and about 1g of the medicament is added per 50kg.
If this medicine is used in combination with the high molecular flocculant produced by the company, the effect will be better.
Dosing can be the company's production of anionic polyacrylamide or cationic polyacrylamide with PAC dissolved into a composite flocculant after use or the PAC is added to the treated water to form aggregates, after the addition of the company's production of anionic polyacrylamide adsorption bridging into large flocs.
The dosage of Polyaluminium Chloride in different water quality:
1. In low turbidity water, dilute the solid polyaluminum chloride product with tap water at a ratio of 1:3 (weight ratio) and stir until completely dissolved
Second, in the life, production of sewage, with reference to each ton of sewage to add about 30g of polymeric aluminum chloride products.
Then add the diluted polyacrylamide product, (if the effect is not obvious, please reduce or increase the dosage of the product as appropriate.)
Third, in the paper mill sewage treatment, the proportion of low turbidity water is used, if the effect is not obvious, it can be added at discretion.
Four, the raw water turbidity in 100-500mg/L, the dosage of 5-10mg per thousand tons of water dosage of 5-10kg, before use is best according to the water quality characteristics of small test, select the best value, and then put into use.
Advantages of Polyaluminium Chloride:
PAC polyaluminum chloride has good spray drying stability, wide adaptability to water area, fast hydrolysis speed, strong adsorption ability, large alum flower formation, dense precipitation and low effluent turbidity, dehydration performance and other advantages, in the case of the same water quality, spray drying polyaluminum chloride dosage is reduced, especially in the case of poor water quality, spray drying product dosage compared with drum drying polyaluminum chloride, can be reduced by half, not only reduce the labor intensity of workers, and more important is to reduce the cost of water production.
In addition, the use of spray drying products can ensure safety, reduce water accidents, and is very safe and reliable for drinking water.
Polymeric aluminum chloride, referred to as high-efficiency Polyaluminium Chloride, or high-efficiency PAC.
The use of the most advanced production technology, the use of high-efficiency reaction polymerization of high-quality raw materials.
Zhuqing all quality indicators have reached or even more than the national standard GB15892-2009 requirements.
Polyaluminium Chloride is processed by spray drying process.
Therefore, Polyaluminium Chloride can also be called high efficiency spray drying Polyaluminium Chloride.
Polyaluminium Chloride PAC product characteristics: kaibiyuan brand PAC products with fine powder, uniform particles, soluble in water, flocculation effect is good, high efficiency and stability, less dosage, low cost.
Suitable for drinking water purification, urban water purification and industrial water purification and other aspects; Suitable for all kinds of turbidity of the source water, PH wide range of application, alum flower formation, fast, fast settling speed.
PAC Polyaluminium Chloride water insoluble: the use of plate and frame filter technology, the solid water insoluble mass fraction of 0.3% or less, liquid water insoluble mass fraction of 0.1% or less, to ensure the smooth flow of the user's pipeline, while improving the use of drugs, and the natural sedimentation method is not up to.
Polyaluminium chloride PAC-01 (light yellow powder, spray-dried): used for drinking water treatment and wastewater treatment.
Polyaluminium Chloride-is one of the star products in the water treatment medicament series.
Polyaluminium Chloride combines the advantages of ordinary Polyaluminium Chloride, spray type Polyaluminium Chloride, paper-making special high efficiency Polyaluminium Chloride and many other advantages.
All water treatment pharmaceutical products to the latest national standard for the inspection standard, water treatment agents to GB15892-2009 for the detection standard.
Water treatment agent-efficient polymeric aluminum chloride is the best inorganic polymer water treatment agent in China, the treatment of various concentrations of water effect is quite good, and the dosage is small, its dosage is 50% less than the same concentration of ferrous sulfate, 10% less than the same concentration of polymeric aluminum chloride.
High effect, low energy is mainly the high degree of polymerization of PAFC, because the general Iron Salt, aluminum salt water treatment agent in the hydrolysis process can only produce AL(OH)2 +, AL(OH)+2, fe (OH)2 +, Fe(OH)+2 and other simple hydrolysis of hydroxyl ions, and PAEC itself is AL3 +, Fe3 + Pre-aqueous intermediate product, it in the hydrolysis process in addition to the formation of the above hydroxyl ions, it can mainly generate a large number of degree of polymerization, positive charge from: AL4(OH)4+8, Fe4(OH)4+8
Isopolyhydroxy cations are used to neutralize the charge of colloidal particles in water and compress the electric double layer, and a series of reactions such as hydroxyl bridging, cross-linking and surface adsorption occur at the same time.
Under the corresponding collision, large alum flowers are condensed, rapid precipitation.
Other uses of Polyaluminium Chloride are:
Polyaluminium Chloride is widely used in the treatment of drinking water because of its high antibacterial effects.
Polyaluminium Chloride is used in the process of flocculation for wastewater treatment.
Polyaluminium Chloride is used as a coagulant in paper and pulp industries.
Polyaluminium Chloride is used in the cosmetic and personal care industries as an ingredient in deodorants and anti-perspirants.
Polyaluminium Chloride is also used in oil and gas industries because of its destabilizing oil-water emulsion properties and phase separation efficiency.
Product Benefits of Polyaluminium Chloride:
-Superior quality poly-aluminium chloride (PAC)
-Highly efficient coagulant
-Low generation of waste sludge
-Versatile, can be used in a wide range of applications
Product Properties of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Appearance: Yellow/brown liquid
Al2O3: 17% (w/w)
Aluminum (Al3+)+: 9,0 ± 0,3 %
SG: 1.37g/ml
Charge Density: +1500 μeq/kg
Basicity: 42 ± 3 %
Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) is a new water purification material, inorganic polymer coagulant, with adsorption, coagulation, precipitation and other properties.
Although Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) has some shortcomings, it has many advantages, such as less dosage, less sludge, high turbidity removal, little impact on the effluent pH and so on.
Polyaluminium Chloride is an ideal flocculant in sewage treatment.
Polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is used as water treatment material.
In order to achieve better use effect and economic benefits, users can determine the appropriate dosage according to different turbidity of raw water, different seasons and different pool types.
The liquid and solid products can be directly added water to form 3-5% water solution (calculated by the content of AL2O3), and the general dosage is 10-20PPm.
For polyaluminium chloride (PAC) used in paper sizing, the dosage is one of three parts of aluminium sulfate, which is calculated as 2-3% according to absolute dry paper, and is used in decolorization and clarification of sugar industry.
Firstly, the product was prepared into 3-5% aqueous solution (calculated according to the content of AL2O3), and then added to the decolorized sugarcane juice with the dosage of 5-10PPm.
Preparation Method of Polyaluminium Chloride:
There are many synthetic methods of Polyaluminium Chloride, which can be divided into metal aluminum method, active aluminum hydroxide method, aluminum oxide method, aluminum chloride method and so on according to different raw materials.
Metal aluminum method:
The raw materials for the synthesis of Polyaluminium Chloride by metal aluminum method are mainly the waste materials of aluminum processing, such as aluminum dust, aluminum ash and aluminum slag.
The aluminum ash is reacted by slowly adding hydrochloric acid at a certain ratio under stirring, and the liquid polymeric aluminum chloride is prepared by aging polymerization and sedimentation, and then diluted, filtered, concentrated and dried. In the process can be divided into acid method, alkali method, neutralization method 3.
The acid method mainly uses HCl, the product quality is not easy to control; The production process of alkali method is difficult, the equipment investment is large, the amount of alkali is large, the pH control cost of raw materials, the cost is high; the most used is the neutralization method, as long as the control ratio, generally can reach the national standard.
Aluminum hydroxide method:
The purity of aluminum hydroxide powder is relatively high, and the content of toxic substances such as heavy metals in the synthesized polyaluminum chloride is low.
The production process of heating and pressure acid dissolution is generally adopted.
This process is relatively simple, but the production of polymeric aluminum chloride base degree is low, so the general use of aluminum hydroxide heating pressure acid dissolution plus calcium aluminate ore powder neutralization two steps.
Three alumina method:
The raw materials containing aluminum oxide mainly include gibbsite, alumina clay, kaolin, coal gangue and so on.
The production process can be divided into two steps: the first step is to obtain crystalline aluminum chloride, the second step is to obtain polymeric aluminum chloride by pyrolysis or neutralization method;
Aluminum chloride method:
Using aluminum chloride powder as raw material, the processing of Polyaluminium Chloride.
This method is most commonly used.
Can be used for boiling pyrolysis of crystalline aluminum chloride at 170 deg C, add water aging polymerization, and then cured, dried.
Alkali dissolution method:
First, the aluminum ash is reacted with sodium hydroxide to obtain a sodium aluminate solution, and then the pH value is adjusted by hydrochloric acid to prepare a polymeric aluminum chloride solution.
The product prepared by this method has good color appearance, less water insoluble matter, but high sodium chloride content, high consumption of raw materials, low alumina content in solution, and high industrial production cost.
Is Polyaluminium Chloride Safe?
Consuming Polyaluminium Chloride can be hazardous.
Polyaluminium Chloride is corrosive.
Inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact may cause injury.
PRODUCT:
Polyaluminium Chloride
CAS #:
1327-41-9
SYNONYM:
Aluminum chlorhydroxide; Aluminum chloride basic; Aluminum chloride hydroxide; Aluminum chlorohydrate; Aluminum chlorohydroxide Aluminum hydroxychloride; Basic aluminum chloride; PAC; Polyaluminum hydroxychloride; Polyhydroxoaluminum chloride; Aluminum chloride, basic
FORMULA:
[AL2(OH )nCL6-n]m
Product Description:
Synonyms: PAC; Aluminum chlorohydrate;
Aluminum chlorhydroxide; Aluminum chloride basic; Aluminum hydroxychloride; Polyaluminium Chloride; Polyaluminum Chloride
CAS No.: 1327-41-9
Molecular formula: Aln(OH)mCl3n-m (0 ＜ m ＜3n)
Technical standard: GB15892-2003
Poly aluminium chloride (PAC) is a new type high efficiency inorganic polymer coagulant, adopting advanced manufacturing technique and quality raw material, show the features of low impurity, high molecula weight, and superior coagulating effect.
Products Types:
1. Poly aluminium Chloride 30% – PAC S
1) Colour: White or Milk White colour softer powder
2) Produce process: Spray dry process
3) Basicity: at 30-70 %
4) Water insoluble matter: lowest at 0.1%max
5) Iron content (Fe+) : None
6) lowest heavy metal content, health
7) The solution: is colourless liquid
8) Used for drinking water treatment and paper mills as retention agent, and paper remove electric charge and cosmetic industry.
Polyaluminium Chloride 30% – PAC V
1)Colour: Slight / Light yellow colour softer powder
2) Produce process: Spray dry process
3) Basicity: lowest basicity, at 40-80 %
4) Water insoluble matter: lowest at 0.1%max
5) Iron content (Fe+) : low iron content at 0.1%max
6) lowest heavy metal content, health
7) The solution: is light yellow liquid
8) Used for drinking water treatment, waste water treatment, and paper mills as retention agent.
Polyaluminium Chloride 30% – PAC R
1) Colour: Yellow colour small flake form
2) Produce process: Drum dry process
3) Basicity: at 80-90 %
4) Water insoluble matter: at 1.0 %max
5) Iron content (Fe+) : at 1%max
6) The solution: yellow liquid
7) Used for waste water treatment.
Applications of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Poly aluminium chloride (PAC) is a kind of inorganic macromolecule flocculant.
Through the hydroxyl ion bridging function and the polyvalent anion polymeric function, it produces large molecular and high electricity inorganic macromolecule.
Polyaluminium Chloride adapts a wide PH range of 5.0~9.0, and the best is between 6.5~7.6.
1) Purification of river water, lake water and underground water
2) Purification of industry water and industry recycling water.
3) Purification of waster water
4) Reclaiming coal from coal-washing waste water and kaolin in ceramic industry
5) Purification of the waste water in printing and dyeing industry, leather industry, brewage industry, meat-processing industry, coal-washing, metallurgy industry, mine, pharmacy, paper-making, and purification of the waste water containing fluorine, oil and heavy metals
6) Tannage and cloth cockling-prevent
7) Cement Solidifying, and moulding
8) Refining of pharmaceuticals, glycerine and sugar
9) Catalyzer carrier
10) Paper-making glue
TYPICAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS of Polyaluminium Chloride:
ALUMINUM AS AL2O3:
>= 27.0 (Solid)
ALUMINUM AS AL2O3:
>= 9.0% (Liquid)
BASICITY:
45.0 - 85.0
PH (1% SOLUTION):
3.5 - 5.0
WATER INSOLUBLES:
<= 3.0% (Solid)
WATER INSOLUBLES:
<= 1.0%
RELATIVE DENSITY:
1.18 g/cm^3 (Liquid)
CLASS:
Water Treatment Chemicals
INDUSTRY:
Water Treatment
How Is Polyaluminium Chloride Made?
Commercially, Polyaluminium Chloride is made by reacting aluminium with hydrochloric acid.
Industrially, a solution of aluminium chlorohydrate is prepared and reacted with hydrochloric acid.
The high basicity product of Polyaluminium Chloride.
It is much more effective than low and mid basicity PACs.
Higher basicity means higher charge neutralization capacity.
Polimeric species in higher basicity products are dominant to monomeric and oligomeric species.
Alum, the predominant coagulant in conventional drinking water treatment schemes, has various disadvantages including the production of large volumes of sludge, lowering water pH (requiring pH adjustment using lime), limited coagulation pH range of 6.5 to 8.0, etc.
At the Barekese Water Treatment Plant in Ghana, an alternative, the polyelectrolyte – polyaluminium chloride (PAC) is also used in coagulation but limited information is available on the operating conditions required to achieve better performance than alum-based coagulation.
The aim of this study was to determine the optimal coagulant dose, mixing speed and operating pH for enhanced performance in water treatment.
The effects on the treatment process of three different sets of mixing speed pairs – 180/40, 180/25 and 150/25 revolutions per minute (fast/slow) – in a pH range of 6.5 to 8.0 were investigated.
The mixing speed and PAC dose yielding the best coagulation were 150/25 rpm and 15 mg/L respectively.
The optimal pH range for PAC coagulation performance was 7.5 to 8.0.
According to the MSDS of PAC 28% and MSDS of PAC 30%, inhalation can cause irritation to mucous membrane.
Polyaluminium Chloride can cause skin and eye irritation with redness and swelling.
Furthermore, ingestion of PAC can cause irritation of the mouth and stomach.
Proper storage and disposal of Polyaluminium Chloride needs to be taken into consideration in order to avoid any unwanted effects.
Polyaluminium Chloride’s uses: coagulant, water treatment chemical & deodorant ingredient
Polyaluminium Chloride is one of the most efficient water treatment chemicals we know of today, enhancing flocculation and coagulation — promoting the clumping of fine particles — even at low temperatures.
Polyaluminium Chloride works to remove trace organic compounds, heavy metals, colour and water turbidity.
Because of these properties, Polyaluminium Chloride’s useful for a wide range of industry applications and water treatment processes: whether that’s purifying drinking water, in industrial water purification (including wastewater) as well as in sewage.
In the oil refinery industry, Polyaluminium Chloride holds use in oil and water separation.
Polyaluminium Chloride is also used in the manufacture of paper for fibre and filler retention, helping with sizing.
Polyaluminium Chloride’s also used to accelerate the hardening of cements, as well as in sugar refining.
About Polyaluminium Chloride Helpful information:
Polyaluminium Chloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Polyaluminium Chloride is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Consumer Uses of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Polyaluminium Chloride is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products.
Other release to the environment of Polyaluminium Chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Article service life of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Release to the environment of Polyaluminium Chloride can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release and industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles Polyaluminium Chloride might have been processed.
Widespread uses by professional workers of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Polyaluminium Chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, leather treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, paper chemicals and dyes, water treatment chemicals, washing & cleaning products, coating products and water softeners.
Polyaluminium Chloride is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction and mining.
Polyaluminium Chloride is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, pulp, paper and paper products and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Polyaluminium Chloride can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Polyaluminium Chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Formulation or re-packing of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Polyaluminium Chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes, coating products, leather treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
Polyaluminium Chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Polyaluminium Chloride can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and formulation in materials.
Other release to the environment of Polyaluminium Chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Uses at industrial sites of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Polyaluminium Chloride is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes, leather treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, coating products, washing & cleaning products and water treatment chemicals.
Polyaluminium Chloride has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Polyaluminium Chloride is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction, mining and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Polyaluminium Chloride is used for the manufacture of: pulp, paper and paper products, chemicals, textile, leather or fur and metals.
Release to the environment of Polyaluminium Chloride can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and in the production of articles.
Other release to the environment of Polyaluminium Chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Manufacture of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Release to the environment of Polyaluminium Chloride can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other release to the environment of Polyaluminium Chloride is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Proportioning method of Polyaluminium Chloride:
According to the daily use of solid polymeric aluminum chloride PAC, diluted into liquid, summarizes and shares several commonly used polymeric aluminum chloride PAC concentration ratio method, I hope to help you!
In the first step, according to the raw water condition, a small test is made before use to obtain the optimal dosage.
Test Solution Configuration according to the weight ratio (W/W), generally with 2 ~ 5%. For example, prepare 3% solution: weigh 3g of polyaluminum chloride PAC solid, put it in a 200ml measuring cylinder, add about 50ml of clear water, dilute it to 100ml scale after it is dissolved, and shake it well.
In the second step, when the polyaluminum chloride PAC is used for production, the polyaluminum chloride PAC solid: Water = 1:9 to 1:15 weight ratio may be mixed and dissolved.
Alumina content of less than 1% of the solution is easy to hydrolysis, will reduce the use effect, the concentration is too high to add uniform.
In the third step, the dosage is added according to the optimal dosage obtained by small-scale test.
If the amount of alum in the sedimentation tank is small and the remaining turbidity is large, the dosage is too small; If the amount of alum in the sedimentation tank is large and turned up and the remaining turbidity is high, the dosage is too large and should be adjusted appropriately.
Safety of Polyaluminium Chloride:
If it is corrosive, Polyaluminium Chloride should be immediately rinsed with water if it is accidentally spattered on the skin.
Production personnel to do a good job of protection, production equipment to be sealed, found that the leakage should be promptly washed with a large amount of water.
The polyaluminum chloride liquid product may be stored in a cement tank.
Solid products are easy to absorb moisture, but the use effect is not affected by moisture absorption.
It shall not be stored in combination with a mixture of toxic and hazardous substances.
There is no risk of explosion and combustion.
Degree of basicity of Polyaluminium Chloride:
The basicity of Polyaluminium Chloride is a relatively important indicator of Poly aluminum, especially for drinking water grade poly aluminum products, this standard is one of the important indicators of Poly aluminum production line control production.
The lower the salt base degree, the higher the price, the purchaser can operate according to the actual situation of the factory.
In addition, different raw materials, different processes for the production of polymeric aluminum chloride products are also different, which requires the manufacturer to adjust.
Increasing the basicity of polyaluminum chloride products can greatly improve the economic benefits of production and use.
When the basicity is increased from 65% to 92%, the cost of raw materials can be reduced by 20% and the cost of use can be reduced by 40%.
Polyaluminium Chloride features:
-The floc has fast forming, good activity and good filterability.
-no need to add alkaline additives, in case of deliquescence, the effect is unchanged.
-adapt to wide pH value, strong adaptability, wide range of uses.
-the treated water was low in salt.
-can remove heavy metals and radioactive substances on water pollution.
-the active ingredient is high, easy to store and transport.
Product Specifications of Polyaluminium Chloride:
-Highly concentrated chemical
-High strenght floc formation
-Rapid floc formation
-Fast reaction at lower water temperatures
-Direct dosing, no need to prepare solution
-Less sludge formation than alum or ferric salts
-Less chemical dosing than alum or ferric salts
-High COD removal rate
-High heavy metal removal rate
-High turbidity and suspended solid removal rate
-Less Residual Aluminium (Al+3)
-Little effect on pH
-Stable product. No AlOH formation
Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and aluminum sulfate make use of agglutinative properties in the treatment of water for municipal water supplies, sewage wastewater, and industrial wastewater to adsorb(flocculate) and precipitate the fine particles and suspended solids in the processing of suspensions.
Three different coagulating agents, Iraqi-produced alum, Swedish-produced alum, and laboratory-produced polyaluminum chloride (PAC) were used to clarify samples taken from Iraqi river water. A laboratory rig was built to produce PAC from the reaction between hydrochloric acid and aluminum powder.
The results after raw water treatment showed that the dosage of PAC required for treatment was 98% less than that of alum when it was applied to water at a low turbidity and almost 90% less in the case of much higher turbidity.
The application of PAC produced rapidly forming flocs and more compact sludge compared to that of alum.
However, there were no significant changes in the pH of the solution.
From the results obtained, the PAC agent performed better compared to alum and might be considered a good alternative to alum for raw water and waste water treatment.
Technical Data:
Appearance: Clear Liquid
Al2O3: 7-23 %
Basicity: 75 – 85 %
Density: 1,1 – 1,4 g/cm3
pH (%5 Sol.): 3,5-6,5
Viscosity: 10 – 25 cps
Color:
There are several kinds of colors, the market sales of Polyaluminium Chloride is more mixed, because each manufacturer's production process and raw materials are different, the color of the production is also somewhat different, generally white, yellow, yellow brown these three colors of Polyaluminium Chloride, the following to illustrate the use of three different colors under the difference.
Within the scope of the national standard of aluminum dioxide content between 27-30 Polyaluminium Chloride is mostly yellow to yellow light yellow solid powder.
These types of Polyaluminium Chloride water soluble better, in the dissolution process accompanied by electrochemical, coagulation, adsorption and precipitation and other physical and chemical changes in the final formation of [Al2(OH)3(OH)3]& prop;↓, so as to achieve the purpose of purification.
Therefore, in the use of Polyaluminium Chloride, without the addition of other additives, floc formation is fast and coarse, high activity, rapid precipitation, the purification effect of high turbidity water is obvious
White polyaluminum chloride is called high-purity iron-free white polyaluminum chloride, or food grade white polyaluminum chloride.
Compared with other polyaluminum chloride, it is the highest quality product, hydrochloric acid, the use of the production process is the most advanced technology spray drying method.
White polyaluminum chloride is used in many fields such as papermaking sizing agent, sugar decolorizing and clarifying agent, tanning, medicine, cosmetics, precision casting and water treatment.
The raw materials of yellow polyaluminum chloride are calcium aluminate powder, hydrochloric acid and bauxite, which are mainly used in sewage treatment and drinking water treatment.
If the raw materials for drinking water treatment are aluminum hydroxide powder, hydrochloric acid and slightly calcium aluminate powder, to take the process is the plate and frame pressure filtration process or spray drying process, due to the treatment of drinking water in the country has strict requirements on heavy metals, therefore, both the raw materials and the production process are better than the brown Polyaluminium Chloride.
Yellow polymeric aluminum chloride is generally produced by drum drying or spray tower drying, and there are two solid forms of flaky and powdery.
Brown polymeric aluminum chloride raw materials are calcium aluminate powder, hydrochloric acid, bauxite and iron powder.
The production process is the use of drum drying method, generally used for sewage treatment, because the inside added iron powder so the color is brown, iron powder added more color, iron powder if more than a certain amount in some times also known as poly aluminum ferric chloride, in the sewage treatment has excellent effect.
Polyaluminium Chloride – DESCRIPTION:
Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) is used as a flocculent in water treatment applications including drinking water and wastewater treatment.
PAC can perform over a wide pH range (5.0 – 8.0) but is most effective when the pH is close to 7.0, this can be achieved with the use of Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate) or Sodium Bicarbonate.
The flocculant produced from the PAC gradually settles (2-12 hr) to the bottom (depending on amount of PAC used and water volume), after which it can be removed by filtration.
Advantages compared to other coagulants like Alum:
Effective over a broader pH range compared to alum
Reduced chemical costs – can perform just as effectively, even when at a lower dose compared to alum (at a higher dose)
Low levels of residual aluminium in the treated water can be achieved, typically around 0.01 to 0.05 ppm.
PAC works well at low water temperatures – flocs formed from PAC tend to settle equally well at low and normal water temperatures compared to Alum (aluminium sulphate) flocs that settle slowly at lower temperatures.
Lower sludge production – low amount of sludge is produced compared to alum at an equivalent dose
Improved treated water quality – increase in chloride from PAC in is lower than the increase in sulphate from Alum in the treated water i.e. lower overall water TDS.
STRENGTHS & GRADES:
Standard product available at 10% or 18% Al2O3
High Basicity product (70%) available at concentration of 13% Al2O3
Product available to meet BS EN 17034: 2018 – Treatment of Water Intended for Human Consumption
POLYALUMINIUM CHLORIDE does not flocculate until the pH of the water has been returned to 7.
This is commonly achieved with Soda Ash (Sodium Carbonate) or Pool Buffer (Sodium Bicarbonate).
The flocculant gradually settles to the bottom (2-12 h), depending on the amounts used and the volume of water.
The flocculant is removed by either filtration or vacuuming to waste.
POLYALUMINIUM CHLORIDE is particularly effective with iron contamination in bore water.
The light green colour of the bore water commonly indicates ferrous ion which, on exposure to air, turns brown as the ferrous ion is converted to ferric ion.
The brown staining on walls etc. is usually due to iron staining.
Suspended solids in the water are dramatically reduced during flocculation.
Identified uses of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Potable water treatment ,Industrial water treatment , Paper Industry
FORMULA: {Aln(OH)mCl(3n-m)}x
CAS: 39290-78-3
UN: 1760 (only applies to 18%)
COMMODITY: 28274990
SYNONYMS: PAC, PACl, Polyaluminium Chloride Hydroxide Sulphate, Aluminium chloride hydroxide sulphate, Aluminium hydroxychlorosulphate
CAS Number:
1327-41-9
EC Number:
254-400-7
Other names:
PAC
Appearance:
Pale yellowish solution
Strength:
10%, 18%
Polyaluminium Chloride is introduced as a combined flocculant and coagulant.
Polyaluminium Chloride converts several dissolved substances into undissolved condition and removes different kinds of suspended substances.
Effect:
The flocculation effect of poly (aluminum chloride) is as follows:
-Strong electro-neutralization of colloidal substances in water.
-hydrolysis products of suspended solids in water excellent bridging adsorption.
-selective adsorption of soluble substances.
-Polyaluminium Chloride is a kind of inorganic polymer coagulant, due to the bridging effect of hydroxide ions and the polymerization of polyvalent anions and the production of large molecular weight, high charge inorganic polymer water treatment agent) the characteristics are mainly determined by the working principle of the pressure atomizer.
Performance:
-the purified water quality is better than that of aluminum sulfate flocculant, and the cost of water purification is 15-30% lower than that.
-The floc formation is fast and the settling speed is fast, which is larger than that of traditional products such as aluminum sulfate.
-the alkalinity of the consumed water is lower than that of various inorganic flocculants, and thus no or less alkali agent may be administered.
-to adapt to the source water PH5.0-9.0 range can be condensed.
-the corrosion is small and the operating conditions are good.
-The solubility is better than that of aluminum sulfate.
-the increase of salt in the treated water is less, which is beneficial to ion exchange treatment and high purity water preparation.
-has better adaptability to source water temperature than inorganic flocculants such as aluminum sulfate.
Typical Applications of Polyaluminium Chloride:
-Treatment of municipal, commercial, and industrial water
-Dairy and food processing
-Paper and pulp processing industries
-Effluent treatment
Classification of Polyaluminium Chloride:
morphological classification
polyaluminum chloride forms are divided into two types:
1- liquid polyaluminum chloride is an undried form, which has the advantages of no dilution, convenient handling and use, and relatively cheap price.
The disadvantage is that the transportation requires a tank truck, unit transport costs increase (per ton of solid equivalent to 2-3 tons of liquid), more suitable for users within 100.
2- solid polymeric aluminum chloride is the form of liquid polymeric aluminum chloride after drying.
It has the advantages of convenient transportation and does not need a tank truck.
Process Classification of Polyaluminium Chloride:
1- roller Poly (aluminum chloride) aluminum content in general, high water insoluble, mostly used for sewage treatment.
2- plate-and-frame Poly (aluminum) chloride has high aluminum content and low water-insoluble content, and is used for sewage treatment and drinking water treatment.
3- spray dried Poly (aluminum) chloride aluminum content is high, water insoluble matter is low, dissolution speed is fast, used for drinking water and higher standard water treatment.
Paper industry:
-Improves drainage especially in neutral and alkaline environment
-Supports retention due to anionic trash removal
-Establishes anchoring points for anionic retention aids
-Neutralises excess of anionic charges
-Assists sizing especially with rosin-based products
-Cleans the white water and waste water circles
The general application fields are:
-Treatment of industrial and communal waste water
-Treatment of drinking water
-Sludge conditioning & relief flocculation
-Elimination of phosphates & hydrogen sulphide
-Abatement of bulking sludge
-Emulsion cracking
PolyAluminium Chloride production is one of the most exigent process for glass-lined equipement due to its high corrosive and abrasive effect.
That's why, the experience and the qualification of De Dietrich Process Systems allow to meet qualitatively those process requirements.
Over 30 years, we have ever supplied hundreds of glass-lined reactors running for PAC production, which represent the heart and the main critical point of the PAC process.
Through this great experience, we have acquired deep knowledge and compétences concerning the PAC process requirements and its characteristics.
The PAC synthesis occurs under high pressure and high temperature.
Polyaluminium Chloride is the product of the batch reaction between solid Aluminium Hydroxide (AL(OH)3) and liquid Hydrochloric acid (HCI).
The De Dietrich Process Systems enamel is completely dedicated to the highly corrosive and abrasive process and we have also developped specific solutions for the PAC reactor:
De Dietrich enamel 3009 HA - Visual signal with a great resistance against acid environment (HCI)
Visual detection of the corrosion through different colors of enamel layers
Adapted Impeller agitator with a special geometry
Description of first aid measures:
General information Get medical attention immediately.
Show this Safety Data Sheet to the medical personnel.
Inhalation of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Remove affected person from source of contamination.
Move affected person to fresh air and keep warm and at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
Maintain an open airway.
Loosen tight clothing such as collar, tie or belt.
When breathing is difficult, properly trained personnel may assist affected person by administering oxygen.
Place unconscious person on their side in the recovery position and ensure breathing can take place.
Ingestion of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Rinse mouth thoroughly with water.
Remove any dentures.
Give a few small glasses of water or milk to drink.
Stop if the affected person feels sick as vomiting may be dangerous.
Do not induce vomiting unless under the direction of medical personnel.
If vomiting occurs, the head should be kept low so that vomit does not enter the lungs.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Move affected person to fresh air and keep warm and at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
Place unconscious person on their side in the recovery position and ensure breathing can take place.
Maintain an open airway.
Loosen tight clothing such as collar, tie or belt.
Skin contact of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Rinse with water.
Eye contact of Polyaluminium Chloride:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water.
Remove any contact lenses and open eyelids wide apart.
Continue to rinse for at least 10 minutes.
Synonyms:
Aluminum chlorohydrate (anhydrous)
Aluminum hydroxychloride
Aluminum oxychloride
ACH 325
ACH 331
ACH 7-321
Aloxicoll
Aluminol ACH
Aluminum chlorhydrate
Aluminum chlorhydroxide
Aluminum chloride hydroxide
Aluminum chloride hydroxide oxide, basic
Aluminum chloride oxide
Aluminum chlorohydrol
Aluminum chlorohydroxide
Aluminum hydroxide chloride
Aquarhone 18
Astringen
Astringen 10
Banoltan White
Basic aluminum chloride
Basic aluminum chloride, hydrate
Berukotan AC-P
Cartafix LA
Cawood 5025
Chlorhydrol
Chlorhydrol Micro-Dry
Chlorhydrol Micro-Dry SUF
Dialuminium-chlorid-pentahydroxid
E 200
E 200 (coagulant)
Gelsica
HPB 5025
Hessidrex WT
Hydral
Hydrofugal
Kempac 10
Kempac 20
Kemwater PAX 14
Locron
Locron P
Locron S
Nalco 8676
OCAL
Oulupac 180
PAC
PAC (salt)
PAC 250A
PAC 250AD
PACK 300M
PALC
Paho 2S
Sansudor
UNII-HPN8MZW13M
Wickenol cps 325
Aluminum chloride, basic
[AL2(OH)nCL6-n]m
aluminum trichloride
Polyaluminum chloride
Poly-Aluminium Chloride(PAC)
Regulatory process names:
Aluminium chloride basic
Aluminum chloride, basic
Aluminum chloride, basic
CAS names:
Aluminum chloride, basic
IUPAC names:
ACH, PAC, Aluminium chloride hydroxide, Polyaluminium chloride.
Aluminium chloride
Aluminium Chloride, Basic
Aluminium chloride, basic
aluminium chloride, basic
Aluminium chloride, basic
Aluminium chlorohydrate
Aluminium Hydroxy Chloride
Aluminium hydroxy chloride
Aluminium Trichloride
aluminium trichloride
Aluminium trichloride
aluminium(3+) dichloride hydroxide
aluminium(3+) ion trichloride
Aluminium(3+)ion dichloride hydroxide
Aluminum Chloride Basic
Aluminum chloride basic
Aluminum Chloride, basic
Aluminum chloride, basic
Aluminum chloride, basic
Aluminum chlorohydrate
Aluminum trichloride
aluminum trichloride
chlorure d'aluminium
MO-PAC 18S, MO-PAC 14 HBL
not applicable
PAC
Polialumínium-klorid oldat
Policloruro de Aluminio
Poly aluminium chloride (PAC)
Polyaluminium chloride, PAC
Polyaluminiumchloride
POLYALUMINUM CHLORIDE HYDROXIDE
Polyaluminum chloride, PAC
Steinfloc PAC
trichloroalumane
Trade names:
Aluminium chloride, aqueous solution
AQUAFLOC P18
DKFLOC 1018
Ekofix
EPOCA18
FLOQUAT™ PAC 18
not applicable
Polyaluminium Chloride
Polyaluminium chloride
Povimal
Sachpur
Sachtoklar
Steinfloc PAC
Substance only available in mixtures
Unipac W2
Other identifiers:
101707-17-9
11097-68-0
1123762-30-0
114442-10-3
1327-41-9
135864-70-9
143230-54-0
144388-28-3
162535-15-1
167140-05-8
1709832-51-8
245064-40-8
32056-15-8
37226-46-3
39380-80-8
56803-01-1
56831-66-4
64441-77-6
672263-85-3
745062-58-2
79586-02-0
8012-66-6
808739-25-5
84861-98-3
851541-97-4
929897-91-6
929897-93-8
929898-03-3
929898-04-4