Polyethylene glycol 3000 is a cationic surfactant that has antibiotic-resistant properties.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 can be used to treat cancers and bacterial infections.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is a superparamagnetic iron particles that can be used to target specific cells because of its magnetic properties.
CAS Number: 25322-68-3
EC Index Number: 500-038-2
Linear Formula: H(OCH2CH2)nOH
Molar Mass: 3000 g/mol
Applications of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Polyethylene glycol 3000 can be used as:
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is a surface-modification agent in the synthesis of monodispersed magnetite colloidal magnetic nanoparticles.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is a precipitating agent in the crystallization of oligoxyloglucan reducing-end specific cellobiohydrolase (OXG-RCBH) by the hanging-drop vapor diffusion method.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is a solvent and phase-transfer catalyst (PTC) in the application of aqueous biphasic reactive extraction.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is an additive in the preparation of polysulfone membrane to study the porometry.
Description of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Catalogue Number: 819015
Synonyms: Polyglycol, Polyethylene oxide, Polyoxy ethylene, PEG 3000
Product Information:
CAS number: 25322-68-3
EC number: 500-038-2
Molar Mass: 3000 g/mol
HS Code: 3404 20 00
What is Polyethylene glycol 3000?
Polyethylene glycol 3000, referred to as PEG, is used as an inactive ingredient in the pharmaceutical industry as a solvent, plasticizer, surfactant, ointments, and suppository base, and tablet and capsule lubricant.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 has low toxicity with systemic absorption less than 0.5%.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is also an acylation reaction with an amine group and an ester bond.
PEGylation occurs when PEGs are attached to various protein medications, allowing for greater solubility for certain drugs.
Examples of PEGylated medications include PEG-interferon alpha (Pegintron) and PEG-filgrastim (Neulasta).
PEG is also available as a bowel prep for colonoscopy procedures and as a laxative.
PEG 400 indicates the average molecular weight of the specific PEG at 400.
PEG 3350 is a laxative available over-the-counter by the name of Miralax.
In this case, PEG is considered an "active" ingredient, even though systemic absorption is less than 0.5%.
Applications of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Application Polyethylene glycol 3000 for synthesis.
CAS No. 25322-68-3, EC Number 500-038-2.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is a milled PEG excipient grade powder product, produced under IPEC GMP conditions.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 supports the homogeneous mixing with other materials within production.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is specified according to the requirements of the main international ICH guidelines and monographs.
CHEMICAL NAME:
Polyethylene glycol, average molar mass 3000 g/mol
Physicochemical Information about Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Density: 1.21 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 138.6 °C
Ignition temperature: 420 °C
Melting Point: 57.5 °C
pH value: 4 - 7 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: <0.1 hPa (20 °C)
Bulk density: 400 - 500 kg/m3
Solubility: 550 g/l
Specifications of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Hydroxyl value: 34 - 42
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 55 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 59 °C
Average molecular mass: 2700 - 3300
Identity (IR): passes test
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is a cationic surfactant that has antibiotic-resistant properties.
KEYWORDS:
25322-68-3, 500-038-2, Poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, 819015, Polyglycol, Polyethylene oxide, Polyoxy ethylene, PEG 3000, 3404 20 00
Applications of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Polyethylene glycol 3000 can be used as:
A surface-modification agent in the synthesis of monodispersed magnetite colloidal magnetic nanoparticles.
A precipitating agent in the crystallization of oligoxyloglucan reducing-end specific cellobiohydrolase (OXG-RCBH) by the hanging-drop vapor diffusion method.
A solvent and phase-transfer catalyst (PTC) in the application of aqueous biphasic reactive extraction.
An additive in the preparation of polysulfone membrane to study the porometry.
PROPERTIES of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
vapor pressure:
<0.1 hPa ( 20 °C)
Quality Level:
200
form:
liquid
autoignition temp.:
420 °C
potency:
28000 mg/kg LD50, oral (Rat)
>20000 mg/kg LD50, skin (Rabbit)
pH:
4-7 (20 °C, 100 g/L in H2O)
mp:
55-58 °C
transition temp:
flash point 270 °C
density:
1.21 g/cm3 at 20 °C
bulk density:
400‑500 kg/m3
storage temp.:
2-30°C
Polyethylene glycol (PEG; /ˌpɒliˈɛθəlˌiːn ˈɡlaɪˌkɒl, -ˈɛθɪl-, -ˌkɔːl/) is a polyether compound derived from petroleum with many applications, from industrial manufacturing to medicine.
PEG is also known as polyethylene oxide (PEO) or polyoxyethylene (POE), depending on its molecular weight.
The structure of PEG is commonly expressed as H−(O−CH2−CH2)n−OH.
Uses of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Medical uses of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Pharmaceutical-grade PEG is used as an excipient in many pharmaceutical products, in oral, topical, and parenteral dosage forms.
PEG is the basis of a number of laxatives (as MiraLax, RestoraLAX, etc.).
Whole bowel irrigation with polyethylene glycol and added electrolytes is used for bowel preparation before surgery or colonoscopy.
PEG is used in medicines for treating disimpaction and maintenance therapy for children with constipation.
When attached to various protein medications or drug carriers, polyethylene glycol of suitable length slows down their clearance from the blood.
The possibility that PEG could be used to fuse axons is being explored by researchers studying peripheral nerve and spinal cord injury.
An example of PEG hydrogels in a therapeutic has been theorized by Ma et al.
They propose using the hydrogel to address periodontitis (gum disease) by encapsulating stem cells in the gel that promote healing in the gums.
The gel and encapsulated stem cells was to be injected to the site of disease and crosslinked to create the microenvironment required for the stem cells to function.
PEGylation of adenoviruses for gene therapy can help prevent adverse reactions due to pre-existing adenovirus immunity.
A PEGylated lipid is used as an excipient in both the Moderna and Pfizer–BioNTech vaccines for SARS-CoV-2.
Both RNA vaccines consist of messenger RNA, or mRNA, encased in a bubble of oily molecules called lipids.
Proprietary lipid technology is used for each.
In both vaccines, the bubbles are coated with a stabilizing molecule of polyethylene glycol.
As of December 2020 there is some concern that PEG could trigger allergic reaction, and in fact allergic reactions are the driver for both the United Kingdom and Canadian regulators to issue an advisory, noting that: two "individuals in the U.K. ... were treated and have recovered" from anaphylactic shock.
As of 18 December, the US CDC stated that in their jurisdiction six cases of "severe allergic reaction" had been recorded from more than 250,000 vaccinations, and of those six only one person had a "history of vaccination reactions".
Chemical uses of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Because PEG is a hydrophilic molecule, it has been used to passivate microscope glass slides for avoiding non-specific sticking of proteins in single-molecule fluorescence studies.
Polyethylene glycol has a low toxicity and is used in a variety of products.
The polymer is used as a lubricating coating for various surfaces in aqueous and non-aqueous environments.
Since Polyethylene glycol 3000 is a flexible, water-soluble polymer, it can be used to create very high osmotic pressures (on the order of tens of atmospheres).
Polyethylene glycol 3000 also is unlikely to have specific interactions with biological chemicals.
These properties make PEG one of the most useful molecules for applying osmotic pressure in biochemistry and biomembranes experiments, in particular when using the osmotic stress technique.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is also commonly used as a polar stationary phase for gas chromatography, as well as a heat transfer fluid in electronic testers.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is frequently used to preserve waterlogged wood and other organic artifacts that have been salvaged from underwater archaeological contexts, as was the case with the warship Vasa in Stockholm, and similar cases.
It replaces water in wooden objects, making the wood dimensionally stable and preventing warping or shrinking of the wood when it dries.
In addition, Polyethylene glycol 3000 is used when working with green wood as a stabilizer, and to prevent shrinkage.
PEG has been used to preserve the painted colors on Terracotta Warriors unearthed at a UNESCO World Heritage site in China.
These painted artifacts were created during the Qin Shi Huang (first emperor of China) era.
Within 15 seconds of the terra-cotta pieces being unearthed during excavations, the lacquer beneath the paint begins to curl after being exposed to the dry Xi'an air.
The paint would subsequently flake off in about four minutes.
The German Bavarian State Conservation Office developed a PEG preservative that when immediately applied to unearthed artifacts has aided in preserving the colors painted on the pieces of clay soldiers.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is often used (as an internal calibration compound) in mass spectrometry experiments, with its characteristic fragmentation pattern allowing accurate and reproducible tuning.
PEG derivatives, such as narrow range ethoxylates, are used as surfactants.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 has been used as the hydrophilic block of amphiphilic block copolymers used to create some polymersomes.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is a component of the propellent used in UGM-133M Trident II Missiles, in service with the United States Navy.
Biological uses of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Polyethylene glycol 3000 can be modified and crosslinked into a hydrogel and used to mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment for cell encapsulation and studies.
An example study was done using PEG-diacrylate hydrogels to recreate vascular environments with the encapsulation of endothelial cells and macrophages.
This model furthered vascular disease modeling and isolated macrophage phenotype's effect on blood vessels.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is commonly used as a crowding agent in in vitro assays to mimic highly crowded cellular conditions.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is commonly used as a precipitant for plasmid DNA isolation and protein crystallization.
X-ray diffraction of protein crystals can reveal the atomic structure of the proteins.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is used to fuse two different types of cells, most often B-cells and myelomas in order to create hybridomas.
César Milstein and Georges J. F. Köhler originated this technique, which they used for antibody production, winning a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1984.
Polymer segments derived from PEG polyols impart flexibility to polyurethanes for applications such as elastomeric fibers (spandex) and foam cushions.
In microbiology, PEG precipitation is used to concentrate viruses.
PEG is also used to induce complete fusion (mixing of both inner and outer leaflets) in liposomes reconstituted in vitro.
Gene therapy vectors (such as viruses) can be PEG-coated to shield them from inactivation by the immune system and to de-target them from organs where they may build up and have a toxic effect.
The size of the PEG polymer has been shown to be important, with larger polymers achieving the best immune protection.
PEG is a component of stable nucleic acid lipid particles (SNALPs) used to package siRNA for use in vivo.
In blood banking, PEG is used as a potentiator to enhance detection of antigens and antibodies.
When working with phenol in a laboratory situation, PEG 300 can be used on phenol skin burns to deactivate any residual phenol.
In biophysics, polyethylene glycols are the molecules of choice for the functioning ion channels diameter studies, because in aqueous solutions they have a spherical shape and can block ion channel conductance.
Commercial uses of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is used in a number of toothpastes as a dispersant.
In this application, Polyethylene glycol 3000 binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is also under investigation for use in body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes.
In low-molecular-weight formulations (e.g. PEG 400), it is used in Hewlett-Packard designjet printers as an ink solvent and lubricant for the print heads.
PEG is also used as an anti-foaming agent in food and drinks – its INS number is 1521 or E1521 in the EU.
Industrial uses:
A nitrate ester-plasticized polyethylene glycol (NEPE-75) is used in Trident II submarine-launched ballistic missile solid rocket fuel.
Dimethyl ethers of PEG are the key ingredient of Selexol, a solvent used by coal-burning, integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants to remove carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the syngas stream.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 has been used as the gate insulator in an electric double-layer transistor to induce superconductivity in an insulator.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is also used as a polymer host for solid polymer electrolytes.
Although not yet in commercial production, many groups around the globe are engaged in research on solid polymer electrolytes involving PEG, with the aim of improving their properties, and in permitting their use in batteries, electro-chromic display systems, and other products in the future.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is injected into industrial processes to reduce foaming in separation equipment.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is used as a binder in the preparation of technical ceramics.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 was used as an additive to silver halide photographic emulsions.
Entertainment uses of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is used to extend the size and durability of very large soap bubbles.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is the main ingredient in many personal lubricants. (Not to be confused with propylene glycol.)
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is the main ingredient in the paint (known as "fill") in paintballs.
Specification Test Results of Polyethylene glycol 3000:
Solubility: 550 g/l (20 °C)
Melting Point: 55 - 58 °C
Molar Mass: 3000 g/mol
Bulk Density: 400 - 500 kg/m3
Vapor Pressure: - 0.1 hPa (20 °C)
Flash Point: 270 °C
Density: 1.21 g/cm3 (20 °C)
pH: 4 - 7 (100 g/l, H2O, 20 °C)
Ignition Point: 420 °C
Viscosity kinematic: 69 - 92 mm2/s (20 °C)
SMILES string:
C(CO)O
InChI:
1S/C2H6O2/c3-1-2-4/h3-4H,1-2H2
InChI key:
LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Synonyms:
Poly(ethylene glycol), PEG
Linear Formula:
H(OCH2CH2)nOH
CAS Number:
25322-68-3
Polyethylene glycol 3000 is widely used in various preparations, such as injection, local preparation, eye preparation, oral and rectal preparations.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 at the solid level can be added to the liquid polyethylene glycol to adjust the viscosity for local ointments.
Polyethylene glycol mixtures can be used as suppository matrix;
The aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol can be used as a suspension or to adjust the viscosity of other suspension media.
Polyethylene glycol 3000 and other emulsifiers are used to increase the stability of emulsion.
In addition, Polyethylene glycol 3000 is also used as film coating agent, tablet lubricant, controlled release material and so on.
Synonym(s):
Poly(ethylene glycol), Polyglycol, Polyethylene oxide, Polyoxy ethylene, PEG 3000, PEG
Linear Formula:
H(OCH2CH2)nOH
CAS Number:
25322-68-3
MDL number:
MFCD00081839
EC Index Number:
500-038-2