ROPAQUE Ultra expands the boundaries of light scattering technology, providing the most efficient dry hiding in interior and exterior coatings.
Additionally, ROPAQUE Ultra non-film-forming synthetic pigment is specially engineered to improve the economics of waterborne coatings while maintaining coating performance.
Like its predecessors, ROPAQUE Ultra is a hollow-sphere polymeric pigment that allows paint manufacturers to reduce the raw material cost of their formulations with no performance penalties.
CAS Number: 1336-21-6
EC Number: 215-647-6
Molecular Formula: H5NO
Molecular Weight: 35.05
Synonyms: Ammonium hydroxide solution, 25% NH3, 99.99% trace metals basis, Ammonium hydroxide solution, 20-22% NH3, Environmental, Ammonium hydroxide solution, 28.0-30.0% NH3, ACS, Ammonium hydroxide solution, volumetric, 5.0N in water, 1mol/l-Ammonia Solution, Ammonia concentrate, AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION, 1 M IN, AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, 28% NH3 IN WATER, 99, ammonium hydroxide, 1336-21-6, Ammonia aqueous, Ammonia water, Aquammonia, Aqua ammonia, Ammonia, aqua, Household ammonia, Ammonia, monohydrate, Ammonia water 29%, Ammoniumhydroxid, Caswell No. 044, Ammonium hydroxide ((NH4)(OH)), SX 1 (ammonia water), ammoniaque, SX 1, NH4OH, HSDB 5125, agua de amoniaco, EINECS 215-647-6, hidroxido de amonio, hydroxyde d'ammonium, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 005301, DTXSID4020080, CHEBI:18219, EC 215-647-6, E527, ammoniumhydroxide, MFCD00066650, Ammonia, aqueous, Hydroxide, Ammonium, Ammonia water [JAN], UN2672, UN3318, NH(4)OH, ammonia hydrate, water ammonia, ammonium hydoxide, ammonium hydroxid, ammonium hyroxide, amonium hydroxide, ammonium hydorxide, amrnonium hydroxide, NH3 water, water NH3, UN2073, Ammonia water (TN), Ammonium aqueous (28% or less NH3), AMINE HYDRATE, Ammonium hydroxide (28% or less ammonia), Ammonia water (JP17), DTXCID8080, NH3 H2O, NH3-H2O, NH3.H2O, Ammonium hydroxide, 25% NH3, AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE (II)
, Ammonia (ammonium hydroxide) 28% by weight or more NH3, VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N, AKOS015903971, AKOS030228272, NS00075653, C01358, D04594, J-006420
ROPAQUE Ultra are the most efficient products in the ROPAQUE Opaque Polymer product family.
The only difference between ROPAQUE Ultra is the neutralizer.
ROPAQUE Ultra is neutralized with ammonia, and ROPAQUE Ultra is neutralized with sodium hydroxide.
In addition to providing the most efficient dry-hiding properties, ROPAQUE Ultra offers wide range benefits in interior and exterior paint formulations.
ROPAQUE Ultra is a non-film forming, acrylic polymer hollow-sphere opaque pigment allowing manufactures to reduce formulation costs without sacrificing properties by being one of the most efficient dry hiding capabilities for interior and exterior coatings.
ROPAQUE Ultra is neutralized with sodium hydroxide.
ROPAQUE Ultra, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water.
ROPAQUE Ultra can be denoted by the symbols NH3(aq).
Although the name ROPAQUE Ultra suggests an alkali with the composition [NH+4][OH−], it is actually impossible to isolate samples of NH4OH.
The ions NH+4 and OH− do not account for a significant fraction of the total amount of ammonia except in extremely dilute solutions.
ROPAQUE Ultra is a chemical compound that is used to remove sodium salts from water in the treatment of wastewater.
ROPAQUE Ultra is also an analytical reagent for the determination of ammonium ions by titration, and is used as a polymerization catalyst.
ROPAQUE Ultra can be used to produce glycol ethers, which are solvents with low toxicity and high boiling points.
The reaction mechanism involves the conversion of hydrogen fluoride (HF) to hydrofluoric acid (HF), which reacts with ammonia to form ammonium fluoride (NH4F).
This reaction produces heat and gives off water vapor.
ROPAQUE Ultra is a weak base, so it will react with any strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, but not with weak acids such as acetic acid or phosphoric acid.
Uses of ROPAQUE Ultra:
In contrast to anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia finds few non-niche uses outside of cleaning agents.
Household cleaner:
ROPAQUE Ultra is also an ingredient of numerous cleaning agents, including many window cleaning formulas.
Because ROPAQUE Ultra is a gas dissolved in water, as the water evaporates from a window, the gas evaporates also, leaving the window streak-free.
In addition to use as an ingredient in cleansers with other cleansing ingredients, ammonia in water is also sold as a cleaning agent by itself, usually labeled as simply "ammonia".
ROPAQUE Ultra may be sold plain, lemon-scented (and typically colored yellow), or pine-scented (green).
Commonly available ammonia with soap added is known as "cloudy ammonia".
Alkyl amine precursor:
In industry, ROPAQUE Ultra can be used as a precursor to some alkyl amines, although anhydrous ammonia is usually preferred.
Hexamethylenetetramine forms readily from ROPAQUE Ultra and formaldehyde.
Ethylenediamine forms from 1,2-dichloroethane and ROPAQUE Ultra.
Absorption refrigeration:
In the early years of the twentieth century, the vapor absorption cycle using water-ammonia systems was popular and widely used, but after the development of the vapor compression cycle ROPAQUE Ultra lost much of its importance because of its low coefficient of performance (about one fifth of that of the vapor compression cycle).
Both the Electrolux refrigerator and the Einstein refrigerator are well known examples of this application of the ammonia solution.
Water treatment:
ROPAQUE Ultra is used to produce chloramine, which may be utilised as a disinfectant.
In drinking water, chloramine is preferred over direct chlorination for its ability to remain active in stagnant water pipes longer, thereby reducing the risk of waterborne infections.
ROPAQUE Ultra is used by aquarists for the purposes of setting up a new fish tank using an ammonia process called fishless cycling.
This application requires that the ammonia contain no additives.
Food production:
Baking ROPAQUE Ultra (ammonium carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate) was one of the original chemical leavening agents.
ROPAQUE Ultra was obtained from deer antlers.
ROPAQUE Ultra is useful as a leavening agent, because ammonium carbonate is heat activated.
ROPAQUE Ultra characteristic allows bakers to avoid both yeast's long proofing time and the quick CO2 dissipation of baking soda in making breads and cookies rise.
ROPAQUE Ultra is still used to make ammonia cookies and other crisp baked goods, but its popularity has waned because of ammonia's off-putting smell and concerns over its use as a food ingredient compared to modern-day baking powder formulations.
ROPAQUE Ultra has been assigned E number E527 for use as a food additive in the European Union.
ROPAQUE Ultra is used as an acidity regulator to bring down the acid levels in food.
ROPAQUE Ultra is classified in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when using the food grade version.
ROPAQUE Ultra's pH control abilities make it an effective antimicrobial agent.
Furniture darkening:
In furniture-making, ROPAQUE Ultra fuming was traditionally used to darken or stain wood containing tannic acid.
After being sealed inside a container with the wood, fumes from the ROPAQUE Ultra solution react with the tannic acid and iron salts naturally found in wood, creating a rich, dark stained look to the wood.
This technique was commonly used during the arts and crafts movement in furniture – a furniture style which was primarily constructed of oak and stained using these methods.
Treatment of straw for cattle:
ROPAQUE Ultra is used to treat straw, producing "ammoniated straw" making it more edible for cattle.
Laboratory use:
ROPAQUE Ultra is used in traditional qualitative inorganic analysis as a complexant and base.
Like many amines, ROPAQUE Ultra gives a deep blue coloration with copper(II) solutions.
Ammonia solution can dissolve silver oxide residues, such as those formed from Tollens' reagent.
ROPAQUE Ultra is often found in solutions used to clean gold, silver, and platinum jewelry, but may have adverse effects on porous gem stones like opals and pearls.
Basicity of ROPAQUE Ultra in water:
In aqueous solution, ammonia deprotonates a small fraction of the water to give ammonium and hydroxide according to the following equilibrium:
NH3 + H2O ↽⇀ NH+4 + OH
In a 1 M ROPAQUE Ultra, about 0.42% of the ammonia is converted to ammonium, equivalent to pH = 11.63 because [NH+4] = 0.0042 M, [OH−] = 0.0042 M, [NH3] = 0.9958 M, and pH = 14 + log10[OH−] = 11.62.
The base ionization constant is:
Kb = [NH+4][OH−]/[NH3] = 1.77×10−5.
Saturated Solutions of ROPAQUE Ultra:
Like other gases, ammonia exhibits decreasing solubility in solvent liquids as the temperature of the solvent increases.
ROPAQUE Ultra decrease in density as the concentration of dissolved ammonia increases.
At 15.6 °C (60.1 °F), the density of a saturated solution is 0.88 g/ml and contains 35.6% ammonia by mass, 308 grams of ammonia per litre of solution, and has a molarity of approximately 18 mol/L.
At higher temperatures, the molarity of the saturated solution decreases and the density increases.
Upon warming of saturated solutions, ROPAQUE Ultra is released.
ROPAQUE Ultra offers wide-ranging benefits in interior and exterior paint formulations, providing one of the most efficient dry hiding capabilities for coatings.
Keywords: Ammonium hydroxide solution, 25% NH3, 99.99% trace metals basis, hydroxide solution, volumetric, 5.0N in water, 1mol/l-Ammonia Solution, Ammonia concentrate, 1 M IN, AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE, 28% NH3 IN WATER
Properties of ROPAQUE Ultra:
Melting point: -77°C
Boiling point: 36°C
Density: 0.91 g/mL at 20 °C
Vapor density: 1.2 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 115 mmHg at 20 °C for 29% solution
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Water (Soluble)
Form: Liquid, Single Sub-Boiling Quartz Distillation
pka: 9.3(at 25℃)
Color: Colorless
Specific Gravity: approximate 0.96 (10%, 15℃)
PH: 10.09(1 mM solution), 10.61(10 mM solution), 11.12(100 mM solution)
Odor: Strong pungent ammonia odor detectable at 17 ppm
Explosive limit: 27%
Water Solubility: Miscible with water.
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck: 14,494
BRN: 3587154
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with copper, copper alloys, acids, galvanised iron, zinc, aluminium, bronze, dimethyl sulphate, mercury, alkali metals.
InChIKey: VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 1336-21-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: ROPAQUE Ultra (1336-21-6)