Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate = Sodium Percarbonate
CAS-No 15630-89-4
EC-No. 239-707-6
Chemical Formula: 2Na2CO3.3H2O2
Molecular Weight: 314.06
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is a granular chemical which is the active ingredient in certain algaecide and fungicide products.
The end product containing this active ingredient acts as an oxidizing agent and thus kills the target algal and fungal pests.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used outdoors for treating ornamental plants, turf grasses, and terrestrial landscapes.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used, as well, for treatments in commercial greenhouses, garden centers and plant nurseries, including their storage areas.
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate is the chemical name for an addition product produced by drying hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sodium carbonate (CAS No. 497-19-8).
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate contains 32.5 % hydrogen peroxide and 67.5 % sodium carbonate (based on weight).
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate combines dual properties of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide, providing significant benefits when alkalinity and bleaching is required.
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate is a white crystalline powder with a purity of > 85 %.
Both shipment and storage are facilitated by this solid form when compared to requirements for liquid hydrogen peroxide solutions.
Description of the Active Ingredient:
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is a granular substance made by combining sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide.
The following is Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrates mode of action: When water is present, the compound breaks down into hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate.
The hydrogen peroxide oxidizes and thus kills the target pests.
After contact, the hydrogen peroxide breaks down harmlessly into water and oxygen. (CAS No. 15630-89-4)
Properties of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate is a white granular, crystalline powder.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is an oxidizing agent containing an equivalent available peroxygen content of ca. 28% hydrogen peroxide, combined with sodium carbonate as a source of alkalinity.
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate rapidly dissolves in water and dissociates into hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate decomposes to leave only water, oxygen, and soda ash.
Specific Uses of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
For applications where the use of liquid hydrogen peroxide is impractical, sodium carbonateperoxyhydrate provides the same oxidative/reductive action of hydrogen peroxide in a solid form making it an easy to use source of hydrogen peroxide for environmental control.
Upon contact with water sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate breaks down into sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide.
Hydrogen peroxide acts as both a chemical oxidant and reducing agent, as a supplier of molecular oxygen and acts to inhibit undesirable microbial growth including algae, bacteria, mosses, molds, slime molds and liverworts.
Most sodium percarbonate is used in eco-friendly bleach products, including home and industrial laundry detergents.
Some sodium percarbonate is used in toothpastes.
Additionally, a relatively small amount is registered with the EPA for use as an algaecide or fungicide.
Consumers may be exposed to sodium percarbonate in any of these consumer product applications.
Sodium percarbonate is an addition salt of hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate that provides a solid source of hydrogen peroxide.
When dissolved in water, sodium percarbonate liberates hydrogen peroxide.
Sodium percarbonate is a white, granular or powdered solid oxidizer.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used primarily as a bleaching agent in cleaning products.
Exposure to sodium percarbonate can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
Ingestion should be avoided at all concentrations.
Sodium percarbonate is not persistent in the environment and readily decomposes to soda ash (sodium carbonate) and hydrogen peroxide which will subsequently decompose to water and oxygen when exposed to soils, sediments, and surface or ground waters.
Product Uses of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
The majority of sodium percarbonate produced in the United States is used by the detergent industry for consumer products.
Other uses include algaecides, fungicides, chemical synthesis and environmental applications such as control of odor at waste treatment facilities.
A small amount is used in denture cleaners and toothpaste.
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate is also used as a bleaching chemical in laundry detergents, laundry additives and machine dishwashing products.
The pure product is also available for consumers as a laundry additive.
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate may also be used in products for drain cleaning, multipurpose cleaning or for denture cleansing.
Approved Legal Uses of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
In Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrates primary registration by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a biopesticide, use sites for sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate include ornamental plants, turf grasses, terrestrial landscapes, commercial greenhouses, garden centers, nurseries and storage areas.
Target pests included algae, moss, liverworts, slime molds and their spores.
There was no food use authorized.
The granular product is applied by a lawn spreader or other application method to ensure uniform coverage.
The proposed rule by the USDA National Organic Program, published June 3, 2009 accepting NOSB’s recommendation to add sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate to the National List stated the EPA had registered products containing the technical grade of the active ingredient sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate for applications in aquaculture, rice/wild rice fields and paddies, turf grasses, terrestrial landscapes, as well as commercial greenhouses, nurseries and garden centers.
The rule also described consultations between NOP and EPA leading to EPA’s explanation and NOP’s restriction requiring applications in organic food crop production to be consistent with the approved food uses that are identified on the EPA approved product labels for algaecides containing sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate.
Recently, the product label for sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate was updated and directed its use for control of blue-green algae in lakes, ponds, drinking water reservoirs, irrigation, drainage and conveyance ditches, canals, laterals, estuaries, bayous, lagoons, water gardens and water features, impounded water and waste water, and aquaculture.
Both the consultation endeavored by NOP and recent label update provide additional evidence that use of this product in rice/wild rice fields and paddies is consistent with EPA approved label instructions.
Action of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate is a solid peroxygen compound with excellent storage stability and no shock sensitivity serving as a source of H2O2 in solution.
Hydrogen peroxide produces a reactive oxygen species or free radical characterized by the production of unpaired valence electrons.
Oxygen radicals are highly reactive and have the ability to damage cellular macromolecules including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
For example in lipid peroxidation, oxygen radicals react with unsaturated fatty acids in cell membrane phospholipids, sequentially damaging them and killing the cell in a chain reaction process.
Oxygen radicals also react with other fatty acids, nucleic acids, and proteins in a similar manner.
Combinations of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Most preparations of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate are prepared with additional sodium carbonate (13%) and can be coated with sodium silicate (CAS No. 1344-09-8) at a concentration of 1.5%.
Other chemicals may be present as contaminants.
Inert chemical may be added to stabilize this product for specific purposes such as its use in detergents and cleaning products including sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, lithium sulfate, sodium hexametaphosphate and borate.
According to the EPA, disclosure of these inert substances in pesticides is not required.
Combinations of product are generally not recommended by the manufacturers.
Combinations should be evaluated for safety and effectiveness prior to use.
Historic Uses of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate has been used in organic production as an algaecide, sanitizer and disinfectant since its addition to the National List in 2010.
There are no food uses for Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate.
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate is manufactured by reacting sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide:
Na2CO3 + 1.5 H2O2 --> Na2CO3·1.5H2O2 by the following processes:
1) The dry process involves spraying an aqueous stabilized hydrogen peroxide solution on solid sodium carbonate with continuous agitation.
A solid-liquid reaction yields sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate.
Completion of the reaction is followed by cooling and after which a dry, free flowing powder is obtained.
2) In the spray granulation process, solutions of sodium carbonate and aqueous stabilized hydrogen peroxide are sprayed onto a bed of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate nuclei in a fluid-bed granulator.
The product bed is kept in movement by a stream of heated air.
Product is continuously withdrawn from the dryer and the desired grain-size fraction is obtained by classification.
The fines and ground oversize are recycled to the fluid-bed granulator as nuclei.
3) The crystallization process takes advantage of the high solubility of sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate.
In this method, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate is salted out of aqueous solutions with sodium chloride.
A sodium carbonate/NaCl suspension is reacted with stabilized hydrogen peroxide under stirring and cooling.
The crystallized sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate is separated from the mother liquor by centrifugation, and drying in a fluid-bed dryer.
Because they are subject to free radical formation when exposed to moisture, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate products are often coated with single or multiple layers of hydrophobic substances in order to improve stability and increase storage time.
Examples of these coatings are fats, waxes, or phosphatides; surfactants dissolved in a hydrophobic liquid; disilicate combined with a chelating agent, such as glutaric acid, pimelic acid, citric acid, or dicarboxylic acid, and inorganic compounds selected from alkalai, and alkaline earth metal carbonates, sulphates, chlorides and nitrates.
Chemical Formula: 2Na2CO3.3H2O2
Molecular Weight: 314.06
Available Oxygen min.: 13 %
Bulk Density: 900 -1200 kg/m3
Mean Diameter (grade dependent): 300 - 900 µm
Solubility at 20oC ca.: 150 g/l
Solubility at 30oC ca.: 175 g/l
pH (1.5% solution): 10.4 - 10.6
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is a granular chemical which is the active ingredient in certain algaecide and fungicide products.
KEYWORDS:
15630-89-4, 239-707-6, Sodium Percarbonate, disodium carbonate compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3), ECOX , FB400 Sodium Percarbonate, NaPC, Oxyper, OXYPER 131, OXYPER 131/222
Names.
-Sodium percarbonate
-PCS (Percarbonate de soude)
-Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide
-Carbonic acid disodium salt (1:2), compd. with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2:3)
-Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate (SCP)
-Solid hydrogen peroxide
Use Sites, Target Pests, and Application Methods of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Use Sites:
Ornamental plants, turf grasses, terrestrial landscapes, in commercial greenhouses, garden centers, nurseries and storage areas.
There are no food uses of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate.
Target pests:
Examples include: Algae, moss, liver worts, slime molds and their spores.
Application Methods of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
The granular product is applied by a lawn spreader or other application method that will ensure uniform coverage.
For plants in small pots, spreading is done by hand.
All applications must be made under wet conditions.
For use on turf grasses, application is immediately followed by watering for 8-10 minutes by sprinkler irrigation to a depth of1/8 to 1/10 of an inch.
Source or Origin of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Hydrogen peroxide is a natural photochemical product formed in waters under sunlight.
Hydrogen peroxide is also available as a synthetic product manufactured internationally by a number ofcompanies using the Riedl-Pfleiderer or anthraquinone process.
This process was formalized in 1936 and patented in 1939, and involves the autoxidation of a 2-alkyl anthrahydroquinone (or 2-alkyl-9,10- dihydroxyanthracene) to the corresponding 2-alkyl anthraquinone.
Sodium percarbonate appears as a colorless, crystalline solid.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is denser than water.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate may combust in contact with organic materials.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate may be toxic by ingestion.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used to make other chemicals.
Uses of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
As an oxidizing agent, sodium percarbonate is an ingredient in a number of home and laundry cleaning products, including non-chlorine bleach products such as Oxygen, OxiClean, Tide laundry detergent and Vanish.
Many commercial products mix a percentage of sodium percarbonate with sodium carbonate.
The average percentage of an "Oxy" product in the supermarket is 65% sodium percarbonate and 35% sodium carbonate.
The "ultra boosters" seen on infomercials may contain as much as 80% sodium percarbonate.
However, sodium percarbonate is less expensive in its pure form and can be adjusted to any percentage the user desires.
Percarbonate as a bleach component in heavy-duty laundry detergents is being increasingly substituted by percarbonate.
In the wash process, sodium percarbonate does form hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate.
Sodium carbonate is a water-soluble mineral and ubiquitously present in the aqueous environment as there is an equilibrium with carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and with other dissolved mineral carbonates.
While Na-percarbonate expectedly displays some aquatic toxicity due to the formation of unstable hydrogen peroxide.
Assessing Risks to Human Health:
Tests with sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate show minimal to mild toxicity for oral and dermal exposure.
Dermal irritation also occurred.
There was severe irreversible eye damage.
The substance is not considered a dermal sensitizer.
Exposure to the general population would be minimal.
Workers are required to wear appropriate protective equipment to protect themselves, especially their eyes, from exposure to this corrosive substance.
Sodium percarbonate (sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide) – (Na2CO3 * 1.5H2O2), sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound that is easily soluble in water.
Used as a whitening agent having so-called “active oxygen” for detergents, in household chemistry products, dishwasher cubes, also as a component of bleaching additives in washing powders.
In the form of a solution intended for disinfecting and disinfecting surfaces.
Benefits of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
-No environmental hazards - breaks down to oxygen, water and sodium carbonate (soda ash) in your wash water.
-Color safe and fabric safe. It brightens colors
-Continual use will not cause yellowing or graying of cotton fabric
-Effective stain removal in a broad range of water temperatures
-Lengthens time between linen replacement
-Prevents fabric from becoming yellowed or darkened
-Does not weaken the strength of fabrics like chlorine bleach
-In the laundry Sodium Percarbonate is used to destain, deodorize, and whiten. It is very effective as a laundry presoak for heavily stained articles.
Applications of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
-Laundry
-Making Solutions
-Carpet & Upholstery
-Carpet Machines
-Curtains & Sheers
-Wedding Dresses
-Kitchen Uses
-Coffee Pots
-Refrigerators
-Cutting Boards
-Bathroom
-Mildew Removal
-Wood Decks
-Brick
-Yard
-Household Cleaning
-Camping Equipment
Exposure Potential:
-Workplace Exposure
Exposures can occur at a sodium percarbonate manufacturing facility or a manufacturing, packaging or storage facility that handles percarbonate.
Exposure may also occur in the event of a transportation incident.
Persons involved in maintenance, sampling and testing activities, or in the loading and unloading of sodium percarbonate containers are at greater risk of exposure.
Following good industrial hygiene practices will minimize the likelihood of exposure; however, persons involved in higher risk activities should always wear proper personal protective equipment such as protective gloves, goggles and a hard hat.
In instances where the potential for dusting is high, proper respiratory protection should also be worn.
-Consumer Exposure to Products Containing Sodium Percarbonate
The user should always use these products in strict compliance with the manufacturer’s use and/or label instructions.
-Environmental Releases:
Spills of sodium percarbonate should be contained and isolated from waterways, sewer drains, and any flammable or combustible materials.
Small spills should be swept up, and placed in a compatible container.
Never replace any spilled or contaminated sodium percarbonate back in the original container.
Any remaining residues should be diluted with large amounts of water.
Dispose of waste, rinsate or residues in accordance with applicable local, state or federal regulations.
Do not use adsorbents to soak up sodium percarbonate washings.
Absorbents and adsorbents may contain chemicals that can react with sodium percarbonate.
Rinse sodium percarbonate contaminated cloth or paper towels with water until they are free of residual sodium percarbonate.
Sodium percarbonate is a chemical substance with formula Na2H3CO6.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is an adduct of sodium carbonate ("soda ash" or "washing soda") and hydrogen peroxide (that is, a perhydrate) whose formula is more properly written as 2 Na2CO3 · 3 H2O2.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is a colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic and water-soluble solid.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is sometimes abbreviated as SPC.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate contains 32.5% by weight of hydrogen peroxide.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used in some eco-friendly bleaches and other cleaning products.
History:
Sodium percarbonate was first prepared in 1899 by Russian chemist Sebastian Moiseevich Tanatar.
Structure of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
At room temperature, solid sodium percarbonate has the orthorhombic crystal structure, with the Cmca crystallographic space group.
The structure changes to Pbca as the crystals are cooled below about −30 °C.
Chemistry of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Dissolved in water, sodium percarbonate yields a mixture of hydrogen peroxide (which eventually decomposes to water and oxygen), sodium cations Na+, and carbonate CO2−3.
What Is Sodium Percarbonate?
Sodium percarbonate (also called sodium carbonate peroxide) is a salt and moderately-strong oxidizer.
When Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate’s dissolved in water, it breaks down into hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate.
Most typically, Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate appears as a colorless, crystalline solid.
How to Make Sodium Percarbonate
Commercially, manufacturing sodium percarbonate involves reacting sodium carbonate with hydrogen peroxide and then crystallizing and drying the mixture.
Alternatively, the crystallized mixture can be evaporated in a spray dryer.
Sodium Percarbonate Uses
Sodium percarbonate is primarily used as a bleaching and oxidizing agent in household cleaning products.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is often used in toothpaste and tooth whitening products, as well as in crop production to inhibit algae and moss.
What Is Sodium Percarbonate Used for in Puracy Products?
Thanks to Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate being a moderately-strong oxidizer, we use sodium percarbonate as an effective dishwashing detergent booster.
Purity/Impurities/Additives:
Sodium percarbonate is an addition compound of hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate.
Based on the molecular formula, the pure substance sodium percarbonate contains 32.5 % hydrogen peroxide and 67.5 % sodium carbonate (based on weight).
Sodium percarbonate is a white crystalline powder with a purity of > 85 %.
Typical impurities are sodium carbonate (< 15 %), sodium sulphate (< 10 %) and sodium chloride (< 5 %).
Benefits of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
No environmental hazards - breaks down to oxygen, water and sodium carbonate (soda ash) in your wash water.
Effectively kills wide range of bacteria, mildew, algae, viruses, fungi
Colour safe and fabric safe.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate brightens colours and prevents fabrics from becoming yellowed or darkened
Effective stain removal on a multitude of surfaces
In the laundry Sodium Percarbonate is used to destain, deodorize, and whiten. It is very effective as a laundry presoak for heavily stained articles.
Where to use:
Laundry cleaner & bleach
Spot cleaning fabrics
Carpet & Upholstery cleaning and prespotting
Kitchen surfaces and utensils
Destaining cups, Coffee Pots etc
Fridges & freezers
Chopping Boards
Bathroom surfaces
Mildew Removal tiles, grouting and walls
Wood Decks and wooden garden furniture
Plastic garden furniture
Kills algae and moss on driveways, patios, brickwork and roofs.
General household Cleaning
Sterilizing utensils in hairdressers and barbers
How to use oxygen bleach for Laundry Applications:
For light soils add 30g of Sodium Percarbonate / oxygen bleach with your laundry detergent per load.
For moderate soils use 60g (1/2 cupful) and for heavily soiled articles use 120g.
In the laundry Sodium Percarbonate is used to destain, deodorize, and whiten.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is very effective as a laundry presoak for heavily stained articles.
Soak in hot water for at least 30 minutes, or overnight, then complete wash cycle.
For whitening old linens and yellowed window shears, deodorizing and cleaning tennis shoes, or to get rid of yellow armpit stains on shirts: soak in a solution containing 60g of Sodium Percarbonate in 5 litres of water for at least one hour, or overnight, then rinse.
How to use oxygen bleach for For general cleaning: Dissolve 25g per litre of warm/hot water For Heavy cleaning: Dissolve 60g per litre of warm/hot water Soaking: Dissolve between 15g and 60g per litre of warm/hot water To make a paste mix 30g of powder with just enough warm water that the paste forms.
How to use oxygen bleach as a Carpet Prespotter / stain remover: Add 30g per litre of water. apply to stain ensuring that it is well soaked.
Leave for up to 10 minutes.
Lift residue with white paper towelling.
Repeat cleaning if necessary.
After carpet has been cleaned rinse with clean water and absorb with towelling. repeat rinsing.
How to use oxygen bleach for Kitchen Cleaning:
For general cleaning and deodorising of work surfaces, fridges, floors, walls etc use 25g per litre of water.
Apply to surface by spraying, mopping or wiping.
Allow to remain on surface for 5-10 minutes and rinse off.
How to use oxygen bleach for Cleaning Decks: Dissolve 50-60g of sodium percarbonate / oxygen bleach per litre of warm/hot water.
Each litre will clean approx 5m2 of surface.
Brush decking first to remove all loose debris, leaves, rubbish etc.
Apply solution to the surface and allow to work for 30-60 minutes, scrub with stiff brush and rinse off.
For stubborn stains futher applications will be necessary.
How to use oxygen bleach for Destaining:
Soak items in a solution containg 60g per litre of water.
Leave for 15-20 mins.
Remove and rinse thoroughly.
How to use oxygen bleach for Cleaning Machines: make up a solution of 25g dissolved in 1 litre water.
Switch on Machine and pour in the solution and allow it to circulate. drain off solution.
Rinse thoroughly by circulating clean water through the machine.
Pre-mixed solutions Of Sodium Percarbonate / oxygen bleach will remain active for 5 to 6 hours, after which they should be discarded.
Unused material may be poured down the drain or into a septic tank.
It will actually help clean and deodorize your pipes, drains, toilets etc.
Sodium percarbonate solutions are most effective when mixed and used in warm to hot solutions (30o to 60o C).
Water Treatment using Sodium Percarbonate:
Sodium percarbonate is a quick oxygen-releasing agent, it can release a large of oxygen into water and increase the oxygen concentration of water for a long period of time.
At the same time, it can improve the water quality and degrade the organic matter of water to reduce the toxicity of ammonia, nitrogen, H2S and algae.
Applications for sodium percarbonate include treatment of biological upsets in ponds, treatment of sludges, municipal sewage treatment, dechlorination and water softening.
In sewage treatment SPC helps to reduce the chemical oxygen demand and improve biodegradability.
It neutralises pollutants such as sulphides, nitrosamines, amides, chlorine and thiosulphate.
NB. Not for use in drinking water.
Uses of Sodium Percarbonate in the Textile Industry:
Sodium Percarbonate is used as a method of adding hydrogen peroxide to dye oxidation baths in order to fix the dye onto the fabric.
SPC is used as the bleaching agent to improve fabric whiteness.when a solid bleach is desirable.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate also offers a system for the fixation of sulphur dyes on fabrics.
Sodium Percarbonate is not suitable for use with silk or wool.
Sodium Percarbonate in the laboratory:
Sodium percarbonate is a source of highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide in non aqueous systems.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is useful for solvents that cannot dissolve the carbonate but leech out the hydrogen peroxide from it.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate behaves as an electrophile, because the driving force is the formation of carbonate.
At room temperature solid SPC has the orthorhombic crystal structure.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate allows the convenient preparation of peroxyacids from acid chlorides, and even from the acids themselves.
Thus, Sodium percarbonate can be used in epoxidations and Baeyer-Villiger oxidations in the presence of an acylating agent.
Sodium percarbonate in trifluoroacetic acid is an effective reagent for the Baeyer-Villiger oxidation of ketones to esters.
The oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols by sodium percarbonate in the presence of catalytic amounts of both molybdenyl acetylacetonate and Adogen 464 gave fair to high yields of the corresponding carbonyl compounds.
Sodium percarbonate is an ideal and efficient oxygen source for the oxidation of tertiary nitrogen compounds to N-oxides in excellent yields in the presence of various rhenium-based catalysts under mild reaction conditions.
Properties of Sodium Percarbonate:
Molecular Formula: Na2CO3 1.5H2O2
HS Code: 2836999000
Purity: >88%
Appearance: white solid
Molar Mass: 157.01 g/mol
Solubility: 150 g/l
Available oxygen: approx 13%
pH: 10.4 - 10.6
Other Names: PCS, sodium percarbonate, solid hydrogen peroxide, Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, oxygen bleach
Appearance of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Sodium carbonate appears as a crystalline substance that, when brought into contact with air, becomes a white powder.
Sodium percarbonate appears as a white crystalline powder.
Chemistry of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Sodium carbonate has the chemical formula Na2CO3 and thus contains carbon, oxygen and sodium.
Sodium percarbonate has the chemical formula Na2CO3·1.5H2O2 and contains sodium, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.
Sodium Percarbonate Safety:
Whole Foods has deemed the ingredient acceptable in its body care and cleaning product quality standards.
Studies show that the ingredient is a slight skin irritant but not a sensitizer.
Production of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Sodium carbonate occurs naturally in deposits and in trona, and can also be manufactured with the Solvay process.
Sodium percarbonate does not occur naturally and is created from sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide.
Uses of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Sodium carbonate is used in glass-making, food additives, degreasers and other industrial applications.
Sodium percarbonate is used in eco-friendly cleaners such as OxiClean.
Names:
Sodium carbonate is also known as soda ash or soda crystals.
Sodium percarbonate is also known as sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate.
Production of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Sodium percarbonate is produced industrially by crystallization of a solution of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide, with proper control of the pH and concentrations.
This is also a convenient laboratory method.
Alternatively, dry sodium carbonate may be treated directly with concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate may also be formed from a process starting from sodium peroxide; when absolute ethyl alcohol reacts with sodium peroxide at 0 °C, a perhydroxide is produced.
C2H5OH + Na2O2 → O:NaOH + C2H5ONa.
Carbon dioxide converts it into sodium hydrogen percarbonate.
World production capacity of this compound was estimated at several hundred thousand tons for 2004.
Uses of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
As an oxidizing agent, sodium percarbonate is an ingredient in a number of home and laundry cleaning products, including non-chlorine bleach products such as Oxyper, OxiClean, Tide laundry detergent, and Vanish.
Many commercial products mix a percentage of sodium percarbonate with sodium carbonate.
The average percentage of an "Oxy" product in the supermarket contains 35–40% sodium percarbonate with about 5% active oxygen when titrated.
Sodium percarbonate is also used as a cleaning agent in homebrewing.
Sodium percarbonate can be used in organic synthesis as a convenient source of anhydrous H2O2, in particular in solvents that cannot dissolve the carbonate but can leach the H2O2 out of it.
A method for generating trifluoroperacetic acid in situ for use in Baeyer–Villiger oxidations from sodium percarbonate and trifluoroacetic anhydride has been reported; it provides a convenient and cheap approach to this reagent without the need to obtain highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide.
Sodium carbonate peroxide is a mineral-derived salt that usually appears in the form of a white crystalline powder.
We use this ingredient as an oxidizing agent in some of our high-performance products for stain removal and improved cleaning.
Sodium carbonate peroxide can be produced by reacting sodium carbonate (washing soda) with hydrogen peroxide.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate's commonly used in cleaning products as a bleach activator, contributing oxygen to help remove colour pigments, soils and stains from dirty dishes or laundry, restoring them to their normal oxidized state.
A risk assessment by the Human & Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA) Project reviewed the health and environmental impact of sodium carbonate peroxide in household detergents, and found it to have no adverse effects on human health or the aquatic ecosystem.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate can be an irritant if exposed to skin or eyes in high concentrations, and appropriate care should be taken when handling.
Assessments show this ingredient breaks down into components during the wash (sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide) which are then effectively neutralised and degraded during wastewater treatment processes.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate's also listed by the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) as having low potential to enter the environment from household cleaning products, with no evidence of bioaccumulation or environmental persistence from this use.
Other names: C2H6Na4O12, Sodium Percarbonate, Peroxy Sodium Carbonate
What is Sodium Percarbonate? - In the UK Sodium percarbonate, also known as Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate, or oxygen bleach powder is a free-flowing, white powder.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is an addition compound of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide.
Percarbonate has an active available oxygen content (13%) which is equivalent to 27.5% Hydrogen peroxide.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate breaks down to oxygen, water and sodium carbonate upon decomposition.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is an environmentally safe bleaching agent.
Sodium Percarbonate / oxygen bleach offers many of the same functional benefits as liquid hydrogen peroxide.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate dissolves into water rapidly to release oxygen and provides powerful cleaning, bleaching, stain removal and deodorizing capabilities in addition to being effective at killing bacteria, fungus, viruses and algae.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate has the added advantage of having no odour.
About Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate Helpful information
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Consumer Uses of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), water softeners and water treatment chemicals.
Other release to the environment of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Article service life
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed.
Widespread uses of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate by professional workers:
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, pH regulators and water treatment products, water treatment chemicals, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, metal working fluids, textile treatment products and dyes and water softeners.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur.
Other release to the environment of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as reactive substance.
Formulation or re-packing:
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used in the following products: biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, metal working fluids, textile treatment products and dyes, washing & cleaning products, water softeners, water treatment chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Release to the environment of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, as processing aid and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Uses of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate at industrial sites:
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, metal working fluids, textile treatment products and dyes, water softeners, water treatment chemicals and cosmetics and personal care products.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and scientific research and development.
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products.
Release to the environment of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and formulation of mixtures.
Manufacture of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate:
Release to the environment of Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhydrate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate (SCP), a granular algaecide containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is used to mitigate risks associated with noxious algae.
Episodic exposures of SCP algaecides in aquatic systems prompt the need for a fundamental understanding of exposure-response relationships for aquatic organisms, both target and non-target, exposed to H2O2 as SCP.
In the first experiment, influences of organic carbon on exposures of H2O2 as SCP and consequent responses of a frequent problematic alga (cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa) were measured.
Results indicate that the exposure of H2O2 as SCP necessary to control growth of a noxious alga is proportional to the density of the population.
Using both density and the concentration of algal derived DOC to scale laboratory results to an in situ treatment could improve exposure predictions, which could decrease the chance of applying an ineffective concentration and maintain margins of safety for non-target organisms.
In the second experiment, innate sensitivities of M. aeruginosa and non-target organisms including a eukaryotic alga (chlorophyte Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), a microcrustacean (Ceriodaphnia dubia), a benthic amphipod (Hyalella azteca), and a fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) were measured in relatively unconfounded, 96-h laboratory exposures of H2O2 as SCP.
Results were used to interpret potential risks from SCP applications in aquatic environments.
In terms of sensitivities, M. aeruginosa ≈ C. dubia > H. azteca > P. subcapitata > P. promelas to exposures of H2O2 as SCP.
Sodium percarbonate is mainly used as a bleaching chemical in laundry detergents, laundry additives and machine dishwashing products.
The pure product (100 %) is also available for consumers as a laundry additive.
Sodium percarbonate may also be used in products for drain cleaning, multipurpose cleaning or for denture cleansing.
The amount of sodium percarbonate, which is used in household cleaning products in Europe, was estimated to be 100,000 – 150,000 tonnes in 2001 but the amount is expected to increase the coming years.
Environment:
Sodium percarbonate rapidly dissolves in water and dissociates into sodium, carbonate and hydrogen peroxide.
Acute ecotoxicity tests with fish and water fleas revealed LC50 values of 71 and 4.9 mg/l.
The available data show that the observed aquatic toxicity of sodium percarbonate can be explained by the formation of hydrogen peroxide.
Because sodium percarbonate dissociates into sodium, carbonate and hydrogen peroxide, the environmental risk assessment is based on the risk assessment of the individual components.
After use of the household cleaning product, the spent washing liquor (containing the sodium percarbonate) will be disposed via the drain.
Neither hydrogen peroxide nor carbonate will be discharged to aquatic ecosystems.
Hydrogen peroxide will degraded in the biological waste water treatment plant, while carbonate will be neutralised by the biological waste water treatment plant to bicarbonate.
Sodium has a low toxicity and the emitted amount of sodium is relatively low compared to background concentrations and therefore the emitted amount of sodium will not have an effect on the aquatic organisms of the receiving water.
Based on the available data, the use of sodium percarbonate in household cleaning products has no adverse effect on the aquatic ecosystem.
Human health:
Sodium percarbonate has a low acute toxicity via the oral and dermal route (LD50 > 1000 mg/kg bodyweight).
The existing animal data on acute toxicity show that sodium percarbonate has a local effect.
In animal tests a slight irritating effect on the skin was reported for solid sodium percarbonate and it was highly irritating to the rabbit eye (not rinsed).
Sodium percarbonate did not have sensitising properties in a test with guinea pigs.
When consumers are exposed to sodium percarbonate, neither hydrogen peroxide nor sodium carbonate will be systemically available due to their effective detoxification (degradation or neutralisation) in the body.
Consequently it is to be expected that the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and sodium in the blood and the pH of the blood will not be increased.
Therefore, neither sodium percarbonate itself nor hydrogen peroxide or carbonate will reach the organs or the foetus and there is no risk for systemic, developmental or reproductive toxicity.
With regard to genotoxicity and carcinogenicity the properties of sodium percarbonate also resemble those of hydrogen peroxide and it can be concluded that there is no concern for humans with regard to a possible genotoxicity or carcinogenicity of sodium percarbonate.
The only critical endpoint for sodium percarbonate seems to be local irritation.
Consumers can be exposed to sodium percarbonate due to skin contact with solutions which contain sodium percarbonate, which can be laundry hand washing.
However, the estimated concentrations of sodium percarbonate in these solutions are too low to cause skin irritation.
Accidental exposure of the eyes to dry products which contain sodium percarbonate or to solutions of household cleaning products which contain sodium percarbonate could result in eye irritation.
Only if the sodium percarbonate concentration in the product or the solution is very high (> 25%) irreversible damage to the eye could occur if the product is not immediately washed out, which would normally be the case.
Acute cases of oral poisoning or effects on human eyes, due to accidental or intentional overexposure to sodium percarbonate, have not been found in the literature.
Based on the available data, the use of sodium percarbonate in household cleaning products has no adverse effect on consumers.
Formula: 2Na2CO3.3H2O2
Molecular mass: 314.1
Melting point: No melting point; decomposes at >50°C
See Notes.
Density: 2.1 g/cm³
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 14 (good)
Vapour pressure, Pa at 25°C: (negligible)
Regulatory process names:
Carbonic acid disodium salt, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2:3)
Carbonic acid sodium salt (1:2), compd. with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2:3)
Carbonic acid, disodium salt, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (2:3)
Disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3)
Disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3)
disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3)
Disodium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide (2:3)
FB Sodium percarbonate
Oxyper
Perdox
Peroxy sodium carbonate
Sodium carbonate peroxide
SODIUM CARBONATE PEROXYHYDRATE
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate
Sodium percarbonate
CAS names:
Carbonic acid sodium salt (1:2), compd. with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (2:3)
IUPAC names:
Carbonic acid, disodium salt, compd. with hydrogen peroxide (2:3)
DISODIOUM PERCARBONATE
disodium carbonate
disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide
Disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3)
disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3)
Disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3)
disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3)
disodium carbonate-hydrogen peroxide (2/3)
Percarbonate
sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide (2:3)
Sodium carbonate hydrogen peroxide (4:2:3)
Sodium carbonate peroxide
Sodium Carbonate Peroxyhidrate
sodium carbonate-hydrogen peroxide (2/3)
Sodium carbonate—hydrogen peroxide
sodium carbonate—hydrogen peroxide (2/3
sodium carbonate—hydrogen peroxide (2/3)
Sodium Percabonate
Sodium Percarbonat EC 239-707-6
Sodium percarbonate
sodium percarbonate
Sodium Percarbonate
Sodium percarbonate
sodium percarbonate
Sodium percarbonate (NaPC)
Sodiumpercarbonate
tetrasodium hydrogen peroxide dicarbonate
tetrasodium tris(peroxol) dicarbonate
tetrasodium;hydrogen peroxide;dicarbonate
Trade names:
disodium carbonate, compound with hydrogen peroxide (2:3)
ECOX ®
FB®400 Sodium Percarbonate
NaPC
Oxyper ®
OXYPER ® 131
OXYPER ® 131/222
OXYPER ® S142/SHC
OXYPER ® SCS
PCS
percarbonate
Sodium Carbonate Peroxide
Sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate
Sodium Percarbonate
Sodium percarbonate
sodium percarbonate
SPC
tetrasodium hydrogen peroxide dicarbonate
Other identifiers:
1161851-82-6
1161851-82-6
121525-84-6
121525-84-6
1226792-00-2
1226792-00-2
15630-89-4
205368-25-8
205368-25-8
701915-52-8
701915-52-8
701915-53-9
701915-53-9
726171-65-9
726171-65-9
81677-18-1
81677-18-1
82728-90-3
82728-90-3
861998-94-9
861998-94-9
89140-31-8
89140-31-8
90569-69-0
90569-69-0