ZIRCON
CAS Number: 10101-52-7
EC Number: 233-252-7
Molecular Formula: O4SiZr
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 183.31
Zirconium silicate, also zirconium orthosilicate, ZrSiO4, is a chemical compound, a silicate of zirconium.
Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as zircon, a silicate mineral.
Powdered zirconium silicate is also known as zircon flour.
Zirconium silicate is usually colorless, but impurities induce various colorations.
Zirconium silicate is insoluble in water, acids, alkali and aqua regia.
Hardness is 7.5 on the Mohs scale.
Zirconium Silicate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Ultra high purity, high purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade);
ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade;
Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade;
Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.
Typical and custom packaging is available.
Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Zirconium silicate produced by milling the natural zircon sand is widely used as an opacifier of wall and floor tiles, sanitarywares and pottery.
Zirconium silicate can be used for high quality construction materials and pottery with Zirconium silicate uniform particle size and quality, showing superior emulsion effects, incresed mechanical and thermal strength and resistance to chemicals, as well as color stability.
Zirconium Silicate is a high-quality and inexpensive opacifier with a high refractive index of 1.93-2.01 and chemical stability.
Zirconium silicate is widely used in the production of various ceramics.
Besides, Zirconium Silicate has a high melting point, so Zirconium silicate is also widely used in refractory materials, zirconium ramming materials for glass furnaces, casting materials and spray coatings.
Zirconium silicate (or zircon) is extremely stable (refractory, hard, dense).
Large quantities of zircon are used by the tile, sanitaryware and tableware industries (to opacify glazes).
Zircon sand (which is milled to produce zirconium silicate powders), is a major source for the production of zirconia ZrO2.
Individual zircon particles are angular, very hard and refractory and amazingly, they do not readily dissolve into glaze melts even when ball milled to exceedingly small particle sizes.
Zircon is the generic name for zirconium silicate, the trade names are different (for example, Zircopax, Zircosil).
The refractive index of zircon is high (particularly with micronized zircon, sized less than 5 microns).
Notwithstanding this, some sources list Zircon as a source of SiO2 in glazes (meaning that Zirconium silicate does decompose).
This view is plausible since smaller amounts of zircon do not opacify glazes, in fact they are purposely added to raise refractive index to encourage transparency and high gloss.
That means Zirconium silicate dissolves when percentages are low and precipitates to opacify when they are higher.
Interestingly, Zirconium silicate dissolves so well at low percentages that Zirconium silicate is sometimes added to clear glazes to make them more transparent (because Zirconium silicate has a high refractive index).
Zircon is normally used in glazes for opacification (converting a transparent glaze to an opaque).
The silicate form or zirconium does not matte glazes (like pure zirconium oxide, actually, zirconium dioxide, does).
The exact amount needed varies between different glaze types.
10-12% is normal, but up to 20% may be required to opacify some transparent glazes.
When the saturation point is achieved crystallization begins to occur.
Zirconium silicate is most effective at low temperatures.
Tin oxide can be a more effective opacifier than zircon (it has various advantages and disadvantages).
High amounts of zircon opacifier can cause cutlery marking (because of abrading angular micro-particles projecting from the glaze surface).
As a glaze opacifier the white color produced by zirconium silicate is often characterized as 'toilet bowl white'.
Tin oxide, by contrast can produce more of a blue-white, but tin is subject to alteration of the color (toward pink) if there is any chrome in the kiln atmosphere.
If the shade of white is too harsh, Zirconium silicate can be toned by shifting part of the opacification burden to tin or by adding a tiny amount of stain (e.g. blue, brown, grey).
The low expansion or zircon will tend to reduce crazing in glazes.
In a non-crazed glaze, the presence of sufficient zircon can reduce thermal expansion enough that there is a danger of shivering (the glaze formulation may need to be adjusted to accommodate, e.g. more Zircon lowers glaze thermal expansion).
Zirconium silicate is best to exclude the chemistry of the zircon materials from participation in glaze chemistry calculations, treating Zirconium silicate simply as an addition (then take into consideration Zirconium silicate effect on glaze properties on a physical rather than chemical level).
Zircon stiffens the glaze melt (increases surface tension) and this often needs to be taken into account (even though the chemistry might suggest Zirconium silicate is sufficiently fluid).
Glazes lacking melt fluidity can experience problems with crawling, blistering and pinholing since they have less ability to heal disruptions.
Adjustment of the glaze chemistry may be needed (increasing the flux content while maintaining the SiO2:Al2O3, for example).
Because of Zirconium silicate high thermal stability zircon is also employed in making various hi-tech refractories, porcelain bodies, coatings and materials, even dentures.
Calcined alumina is an alternative in fabricating super refractories but Zirconium silicate has much higher thermal expansion and greater heat conductivity.
Zircon has become so expensive that major manufacturers are considering, or are already diluting their products with other materials (like kaolin).
So 'heads up' if your glaze is not as opacified as Zirconium silicate was before.
Also, use care in pretesting zircon materials, they vary in quality.
Some companies are marketing their materials as "zirconium substitutes" whereas the material is just zirconium silicate.
Because of Zirconium silicate low thermal expansion coefficients and high thermal shock resistance, zircon (zirconium silicate) finds widespread use in the ceramic foundry, refractory industries, and as an opacifier in ceramic industry.
Zircon is the primary mineral resource for the production of zirconium metal (Zr) and zirconia (ZrO2).
Zirconia is one of the most refractory substances known and is the basis of a variety of advanced ceramic materials ranging from high ionic conductivity to high mechanical strength and toughness (see jet engine blades).
Zircon sand is milled up to achieve the desired size distribution.
Zirconium silicate, also zirconium orthosilicate, ZrSiO4, is a chemical compound, a silicate of zirconium.
Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as zircon, a silicate mineral.
Powdered zirconium silicate is also known as zircon flour.
Zirconium silicate is usually colorless, but impurities induce various colorations.
Zirconium silicate is insoluble in water, acids, alkali and aqua regia.
Hardness is 7.5 on the Mohs scale.
Zirconium silicate is used for manufacturing refractory materials for applications where resistance to corrosion by alkali materials is required.
Zirconium silicate is also used in production of some ceramics, enamels, and ceramic glazes.
In enamels and glazes Zirconium silicate serves as an opacifier.
Zirconium silicate can be also present in some cements.
Another use of zirconium silicate is as beads for milling and grinding.
Thin films of zirconium silicate and hafnium silicate produced by chemical vapor deposition.
Potential alternative gate dielectric to silica.
Zircon, also referred to as zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4), is a co-product from the mining and processing of ancient heavy mineral sand deposits.
Mined mainly in Australia and South Africa, zircon can be used either in Zirconium silicate coarse sand form or milled to a fine powder.
Zirconium silicate properties ensure that Zirconium silicate is used in many everyday products, including ceramic tiles and medical implants, as well as having major industrial applications.
Zircon can be processed to create zirconia by melting the sand at very high temperatures to form molten zirconia, also known as zirconium oxide (ZrO2).
Zirconium, another derivative of zircon, is the chemical element Zr in the Periodic Table and takes the form of a silvery grey metal.
As the 18th most abundant element in the earth’s crust, Zirconium silicate commonly occurs in the mineral zircon in silicate form and, less frequently, in the mineral baddeleyite in oxide form.
Zircon has a theoretical content of 67% zirconia and 32% silica and Zirconium silicate can typically contain a small percentage of hafnium in the range of 0.2 to 4%.
A study of the chemical durability, in alkaline solutions, of zirconium silicate, aluminium silicate, zirconium/aluminium silicate glasses as a function of glass composition is carried out.
The glasses were tested using standard DIN-52322 method, where the glass samples are prepared in small polished pieces and attacked for 3 hours in a 800 ml solution of 1N (NaOH + NA 2 CO 3 ) at 97 0 C.
The results show that the presence of ZrO 2 in the glass composition increases Zirconium silicate chemical durability to alkaline attack.
Glasses of the aluminium/zirconium silicate series were melted with and without TiO 2.
Zirconium silicate was shown experimentally that for this series of glasses, the presence of both TiO 2 and ZrO 2 gave better chemical durability results.
However, the best overall results were obtained from the simpler zirconium silicate glasses, where Zirconium silicate was possible to make glasses with higher values of ZrO 2.
Zirconium Silicate is a chemical compound, a silicate of zirconium.
Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as the zircon, a silicate mineral.
Zirconium silicate is used for manufacturing refractory materials for applications where resistance to corrosion by alkali materials is required.
Zirconium silicate is also used in production of some ceramics, enamels, and ceramic glazes.
Application of Zirconium silicate:
The major applications exploit Zirconium silicate refractory nature and resistance to corrosion by alkali materials.
Two end-uses are for enamels, and ceramic glazes.
In enamels and glazes Zirconium silicate serves as an opacifier.
Zirconium silicate can be also present in some cements.
Another use of zirconium silicate is as beads for milling and grinding.
Thin films of zirconium silicate and hafnium silicate produced by chemical vapor deposition, most often MOCVD, can be used as a high-k dielectric as a replacement for silicon dioxide in semiconductors.
Zirconium silicates have also been studied for potential use in medical applications.
For example, ZS-9 is a zirconium silicate that was designed specifically to trap potassium ions over other ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Uses of Zirconium silicate:
As of 1995, the annual consumption of zirconium silicate was nearly 1M tons.
The major applications exploit Zirconium silicate refractory nature and resistance to corrosion by alkali materials.
Two end-uses are for enamels, and ceramic glazes.
In enamels and glazes Zirconium silicate serves as an opacifier.
Zirconium silicate can be also present in some cements.
Another use of zirconium silicate is as beads for milling and grinding.
Thin films of zirconium silicate and hafnium silicate produced by chemical vapor deposition, most often MOCVD, can be used as a high-k dielectric as a replacement for silicon dioxide in semiconductors.
Zirconium silicates have also been studied for potential use in medical applications.
For example, ZS-9 is a zirconium silicate that was designed specifically to trap potassium ions over other ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Zirconium Silicate is used in refractories, ceramics, glazes, cements, coatings for casting molds, polishing materials, gemstones, and cosmetics.
Also used as a catalyst and silicone rubber stabilizer.
Occurs in nature as the mineral zircon.
Zirconium Silicate is used as a refractory, abrasive, and to make ceramic glazes and enamels.
Also used in the steel and glass industries and in foundries to make molds.
Uses in Pottery of Zirconium silicate:
Zircon is normally used in glazes for opacification (converting a transparent glaze to an opaque).
The silicate form or zirconium does not matte glazes (like pure zirconium oxide, actually, zirconium dioxide, does).
The exact amount needed varies between different glaze types.
10-12% is normal, but up to 20% may be required to opacify some transparent glazes.
When the saturation point is achieved crystallization begins to occur.
Zirconium silicate is most effective at low temperatures.
Tin oxide can be a more effective opacifier than zircon (it has various advantages and disadvantages).
As a glaze opacifier the white color produced by zirconium silicate is often characterized as 'toilet bowl white'.
Tin oxide, by contrast, can produce more of a blue-white, but tin is subject to alteration of the color (toward pink) if there is any chrome in the kiln atmosphere.
If the shade of white is too harsh, Zirconium silicate can be toned by shifting part of the opacification burden to tin or by adding a tiny amount of stain (e.g. blue, brown, grey).
The low expansion or zircon will tend to reduce crazing in glazes.
In a non-crazed glaze, the presence of sufficient zircon can reduce thermal expansion enough that there is a danger of shivering (the glaze formulation may need to be adjusted to accommodate, e.g. more Zircon lowers glaze thermal expansion).
Zirconium silicate is best to exclude the chemistry of the zircon materials from participation in glaze chemistry calculations, treating Zirconium silicate simply as an addition (then take into consideration Zirconium silicate effect on glaze properties on a physical rather than chemical level).
Cleaning products and household care
Construction and building materials
Personal care - dental care - mouthwash
Zirconium Silicate can be applied in the following fields:
Ceramics
Refractory materials
Zirconium ramming materials
Casting materials
Spray coatings
Industry Uses of Zirconium silicate:
Imported materials formed into refractory
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Thermal / chemical resistance
Consumer Uses of Zirconium silicate:
Metal products not covered elsewhere
Industrial refractory products
Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Steel Producing
Abrasive Blasting
Molding and Core Making
Glass Manufacturing
Activities with risk of exposure:
Ceramics making
Enameling
General Manufacturing Information of Zirconium silicate:
Industry Processing Sectors:
Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing.
Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing
Structure and bonding of Zirconium silicate:
Zircon consists of 8-coordinated Zr4+ centers linked to tetrahedral orthosilicate SiO44- sites.
The oxygen atoms are all triply bridging, each with the environment OZr2Si.
Given Zirconium silicate highly crosslinked structure, the material is hard, and hence prized as gemstone and abrasive.
Zr(IV) is a d0 ion.
Consequently the material is colorless and diamagnetic.
Production of Zirconium silicate:
Zirconium silicate occurs in nature as mineral zircon.
Concentrated sources of zircon are rare.
Zirconium silicate is mined from sand deposits and separated by gravity.
Some sands contain a few percent of zircon.
Zirconium silicate can also be synthesized by fusion of SiO2 and ZrO2 in an arc furnace, or by reacting a zirconium salt with sodium silicate in an aqueous solution.
Zirconium Silicate is a high-quality and inexpensive opacifier with a high refractive index of 1.93-2.01 and chemical stability.
KEYWORDS:
10101-52-7, 233-252-7, ZIRCON, UNII-4SY8H89134, Zirconium(IV) silicate, Silicic acid zirconium(4+) salt, Hyacinth, MFCD00085353, Silicic acid (H4SiO4) zirconium(4+) salt (1:1), 4SY8H89134
Identifiers of Zirconium silicate:
CAS Number: 10101-52-7
ChemSpider: 55663
ECHA InfoCard: 100.030.216
EC Number: 233-252-7
MeSH: Zircon
PubChem CID: 61775
UNII: 4SY8H89134
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID60892246
InChI: InChI=1S/O4Si.Zr/c1-5(2,3)4;/q-4;+4
Key: GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-]
Properties of Zirconium silicate:
Chemical formula: O4SiZr
Molar mass: 183.305 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless crystals
Density: 4.56 g cm−3
Melting point: 1,540 °C (2,800 °F; 1,810 K) (decomposes)
Molecular Weight: 183.31
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 181.861284
Monoisotopic Mass: 181.861284
Topological Polar Surface Area: 92.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count : 6
Complexity: 19.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Specifications of Zirconium silicate:
CAS Number: 10101-52-7
Molecular formula: ZrSiO4
Molecular weight: 183.31
Appearance: White powder
Density: 4.56 g/cm3
Melting point: 2550 °C
Solubility: Insoluble in water, acids, alkali and aqua regia.
Color: White
Melting Point: 2550°C
Quantity: 500g
Merck Index: 14,10181
Formula Weight: 183.3
Physical Form: <2 Micron powder
Odor: Odorless
Particle Size: <2 Micron
Density: 4.56 g/mL
Chemical Name or Material: Zirconium silicate
Structure of Zirconium silicate:
Crystal structure: tetragonal
Thermochemistry of Zirconium silicate:
Heat capacity (C): 98.3 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -2044 kJ/mol
Names of Zirconium silicate:
Preferred IUPAC name of Zirconium silicate:
Zirconium(IV) silicate
Systematic IUPAC name of Zirconium silicate:
Zirconium(4+) silicate
Other names of Zirconium silicate:
Zircon
Zirconium(4+) orthosilicate
Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate
Synonyms of Zirconium silicate:
Zirconium silicate
10101-52-7
Zirconite
Zircon (Zr(SiO4))
zirconium(4+);silicate
14940-68-2
1344-21-4
UNII-4SY8H89134
Zirconium(IV) silicate
Silicic acid, zirconium(4+) salt
Hyacinth
EINECS 215-690-0
MFCD00085353
Silicic acid (H4SiO4), zirconium(4+) salt (1:1)
4SY8H89134
Zircosil 15
Standard SF 200
Ultrox 500W
Excelopax
Zircosil
Micro-Pax
Zircosil 1
Micro-Pax SP
A-PAX 45M
Zircon 30MY
Micro-Pax 20A
Oscal 1224
A-PAX-SA
EINECS 239-019-6
Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate
Tam 418
Silicic acid, zirconium(4+) salt (1:1)
Zirconium(IV) silicate (1:1)
Zirconium orthosilicate (ZrSiO4)
Silicon zirconium oxide (SiZrO4)
Zirconium silicon oxide (ZrSiO4)
MZ 1000B
EINECS 233-252-7
SO4i.Zr
Zirconium Silicate Nanopowder
Zirconium Silicate Nanoparticles
DTXSID20892262
8949AF
Zirconium silicate, <2 micron powder
Zirconium(IV) silicate, -325 mesh
AKOS025243327
ZS
FT-0695365
Zirconium(IV) Silicate Nanoparticles / Nanopowder
Q2342917
Silicic acid (H4SiO4) zirconium(4+) salt (1:1)
Zirconium(IV) silicate
nanopowder
<100 nm particle size (BET)
98.5% trace metals basis
Zirconium(IV) silicate
14940-68-2
Zirconium orthosilicate
Zirconium(4+) orthosilicate
Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate
Zircon
Zircon flour
Zirconium silicon oxide
Silicic acid
zirconium(4+) salt (1:1)
Zirconite
Hyacinth
MeSH Entry Terms of Zirconium silicate:
Everest HPC
ziconite
zircon
zirconium silicate
ZrSiO4