Butylene Glycol is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2OH.
Butylene Glycol is also chiral, but most studies do not distinguish the enantiomers.
Butylene Glycol is a colorless, bittersweet, water-soluble liquid.
Butylene Glycol is one of four common structural isomers of butanediol.
Butylene Glycol is used in flavoring.
CAS Number:107-88-0
IUPAC Name: Butane-1,3-diol
EC Number: 203-529-7
Chemical Formula: C4H10O2
Other names: Butylene Glycol, 1 3-BUTANEDIOL, Butane-1 3-diol, 107-88-0, 1 3-Butylene glycol, 1 3-Dihydroxybutane, Methyltrimethylene glycol, 1,3 Butylene glycol, 1,3-Butandiol, beta-Butylene glycol, (RS)-1,3-Butandiol, (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol, 1-Methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,3-Butylenglykol, Caswell No. 128GG, 1,3-Butanodiol, HSDB 153, .beta.-Butylene glycol, NSC 402145, NSC-402145, (R)-1,3-butanediol, UNII-3XUS85K0RA, BD, EINECS 203-529-7, 3XUS85K0RA, BRN 1731276, DTXSID8026773, CHEBI:52683, AI3-11077, BUTANEDIOL,1,3-, DTXCID306773, NSC6966, EC 203-529-7, 0-01-00-00477 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NSC402145, 1,3-butane diol, CAS-107-88-0, MFCD00064278, MFCD00004554, DL-1,3-butanediol, Chinese medicine patch, Butylene glycol (NF), CHEMBL3186475, WLN: QY1 & 2Q, NSC-6966, Tox21_202408, Tox21_300085, HY-77490A, AKOS000119043, DB14110, SB44648, SB44659, SB83779, NCGC00247900-01, NCGC00247900-02, NCGC00253944-01, NCGC00259957-01, SY049450, SY051259, B0679, B3770, CS-0115644, FT-0605126, FT-0605294, FT-0606593, NS00008159, EN300-19320, C20335, D10695, F82621, Q161496, J-002028, F8880-3340, 55251-78-0
Occurrence
Butylene Glycol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
Butylene Glycol has been detected in green bell peppers, orange bell peppers, pepper (Capsicum annuum), red bell peppers, and yellow bell peppers.
Butylene Glycol is a primary alcohol, and an organic compound, with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH.
Butylene Glycol is a colorless viscous liquid.
Butylene Glycol is a straight chain glycol with hydroxyl groups on both ends.
Butylene Glycol is used as a raw material for high performance polyester and polyurethane resins as well as for industrial chemicals like tetrahydrofuran and gamma-butyrolactone.
Description of Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent in the chemical industry to manufacture gamma-butyrolactone and elastic fibers like spandex.
Butylene Glycol is used as a cross-linking agent for thermoplastic urethanes, polyester plasticizers, paints and coatings.
Butylene Glycol undergoes dehydration in the presence of phosphoric acid yielded teterahydrofuran, which is an important solvent used for various applications.
Butylene Glycol acts an intermediate and is used to manufacture polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyurethane (PU).
Butylene Glycol finds application as an industrial cleaner and a glue remover.
Solubility of Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is miscible with water, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide and glycol ethers.
Butylene Glycol is slightly miscible with diethyl ether.
Butylene Glycol is immiscible with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Applications of Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is a raw material for polyester and polyurethane resins (chain extender, hard segment) that show excellent characteristics.
Butylene Glycol find a wide range of applications including everyday consumer products such as clothing and shoe soles, consumer durables such as electrical appliances and cars, industrial materials such as machine parts, as well as medical products.
Butylene Glycol is anticipated that the use of these polymers will continue to expand.
Main Applications of Butylene Glycol:
PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate) Resin Raw Material
Because Butylene Glycol is used as a raw materail, PBT is a great engineering plastic with low water-absorbance and an excellent balance of mechanical and electrical properties.
Applications are expanding beyond the original electrical/electronic parts and automotive parts markets.
Polyurethane Resin Raw Material
By using Butylene Glycol for the chain extender, urethane elastomers can be made with excellent mechanical properties and high resistances to heat, oil, and impact.
Other Polyester Raw Materials
Butylene Glycol is widely used to make various polyester resins and plasticizers.
Raw Material for Industrial Chemicals (Tetrahydrofuran, Gamma-Butyrolactone)
Tetrahydrofuran and gamma-butyrolactone are produced indutrially by dehydration or dehydrogenation of 14BG.
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Density: 1.0053 g cm−3
Melting point:-50 °C
Boiling point: 204 to 210 °C
Solubility in water: 1 kg dm-3
Molecular Weight: 90.12 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 90.068079557 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 90.068079557 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 28.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Butylene Glycol is found in pepper (c. annuum).
Butylene Glycol is a solvent for flavouring agents.
Butylene Glycol is an organic chemical, an alcohol.
Butylene Glycol is commonly used as a solvent for food flavouring agents and is a co-monomer used in certain polyurethane and polyester resins.
Butylene Glycol is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
In biology, Butylene Glycol is used as a hypoglycaemic agent.
Butylene Glycol belongs to the family of Secondary Alcohols.
These are compounds containing a secondary alcohol functional group, with the general structure HOC(R)(R')
Consumer Uses of Butylene Glycol
Butylene Glycol is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, perfumes and fragrances, washing & cleaning products and pharmaceuticals.
Other release to the environment of Butylene Glycol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Butylene Glycol is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Butylene Glycol can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).
Widespread uses by professional workers
Butylene Glycol is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, laboratory chemicals, metal surface treatment products, adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, non-metal-surface treatment products and lubricants and greases. Butylene Glycol is used in the following areas: health services, scientific research and development and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging. Other release to the environment of Butylene Glycol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.
Formulation of Butylene Glycol
Butylene Glycol is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, pharmaceuticals, textile treatment products and dyes, washing & cleaning products, metal surface treatment products, adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and non-metal-surface treatment products.
Release to the environment of Butylene Glycol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Uses of Butylene Glycol
Butylene Glycol is used in the following products: polymers, pharmaceuticals, laboratory chemicals, non-metal-surface treatment products and paper chemicals and dyes.
Butylene Glycol has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Butylene Glycol is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Butylene Glycol is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Butylene Glycol can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, as processing aid, in the production of articles and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Uses of Butylene Glycol
More than half of Butylene Glycol is used in the production of tetrahydrofuran in the United States and Western Europe, followed by the production of γ-butyrolactone and polybutylene terephthalate, which are rapidly developing engineering plastics; Butylene Glycol as a chain extender and polyester raw material, Butylene Glycol is used to produce polyurethane elastomers and flexible polyurethane foams; esters made of Butylene Glycol are good plasticizers for cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, polyacrylate and polyester.
Butylene Glycol has good hygroscopicity and flexibility, and can be used as a gelatin softener and water absorbent, cellophane and other unused paper treatment agents.
Butylene Glycol can also prepare N-methylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpyrrolidone and other pyrrolidone derivatives, and is also used to prepare vitamin B6, pesticides, herbicides, and solvents that act on various processes, Plasticizers, lubricants, humidification agents, softness, adhesives and brighteners in the electroplating industry.
Butylene Glycol is a polymer consisting of ethylene glycol monomer units and two terminal hydroxyl groups.
The hydroxyl groups can react to further derivatize the compound.
Ethylene glycol compounds have hydrophilic characteristics.
The solubility of the polymer increases as the number of ethylene glycol groups increase.
Uses at industrial sites of Butylene Glycol
Butylene Glycol is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, inks and toners and polymers.
Butylene Glycol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Butylene Glycol can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles and for thermoplastic manufacture.
Manufacture of Butylene Glycol
Release to the environment of Butylene Glycol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of.
Butylene Glycol is used as a raw material for high performance polyester and polyurethane resins as well as for industrial chemicals like tetrahydrofuran and gamma-butyrolactone.
Butylene Glycol is a biodegradable primary alcohol with a high melting point.
We're proud to offer you the ability to buy BDO online in the United States.
Applications of Butylene Glycol:
Butylene Glycol is also used as an intermediate to make polyurethane that is used in auto bumpers and dashboards.
Butylene Glycol is also used in polyester coatings.
Butylene Glycol reacts with terephthalic acid to produce polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), as well as reacting with adipic acid to yield polyesters with biodegradable attributes.
Butylene Glycol will produce polymers which exhibit greater hydrophobicity, as well as superior hydrolysis resistance and improved low temperature malleability over polymers produced from ethylene glycol.
Butylene Glycol is the organic compound with the formula HOCH2CH2CH2CH2OH.
Butylene Glycol is derived from butane by placement of alcohol groups at each end of the chain.
Butylene Glycol is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
Description of Butylene Glycol
Butylene Glycol is used in synthesis of polyurethane and polyesters , paints and coatings, copolyester hot melt and solvent-borne adhesives.
Introduction to Butylene Glycol
Butylene Glycol is an industrial chemical, and is illicitly used as a substitute to gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB).
Butylene Glycol is structurally similar to GHB and there is a large body of evidence to confirm that GBL and BD are converted to GHB after oral administration.
Licit Uses
Butylene Glycol is a commonly used industrial chemical intermediate.
Worldwide yearly production of Butylene Glycol is measured in the millions of metric tons.
Chemistry
Butylene Glycol has the molecular formula C4H10O2 and the molecular weight 90.12 g/mol.
Butylene Glycol is a colorless, viscous liquid.
Butylene Glycol is a chemical.
Butylene Glycol's used as a source of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a recreational drug with euphoric and sedative effects.
Butylene Glycol is converted to GHB in the body.
Butylene Glycol slows down the brain, which can cause loss of consciousness along with dangerous slowing of breathing and other vital functions.
People use Butylene Glycol for muscle strength, obesity, insomnia, and other purposes, but there is no good scientific evidence to support any use.
Butylene Glycol is also unsafe.
Butylene Glycol is a colorless, viscous liquid derived from butane by placement of alcohol groups at each end of its molecular chain and is one of four stable isomers of butanediol.
The hydroxyl function of each end group of the Butanediol reacts with different mono- and bifunctional reagents: for example with dicarboxylic acids to polyesters, with diisocyanates to polyurethanes, or with phosgene to polycarbonates.
Butylene Glycol is a high-quality intermediate.
Butylene Glycol and its derivatives are widely used for producing plastics, solvents, electronic chemicals and elastic fibers.
Additionally Butylene Glycol is also a building block for the synthesis of polyesterpolyols and polyetherpolyols.
BASF is the most significant producer of Butylene Glycol and its derivatives worldwide.
Storage and Handling of Butylene Glycol
Butylene Glycol is hygroscopic and will be degraded by oxygen, so the storage container should be sealed with dry nitrogen.
Butylene Glycol is recommended that storage be at 25-40℃.
Below 20℃ Butylene Glycol will be solid, but can be mellted by careful heating.
To melt solidified Butylene Glycol in drums, hold overnight at 50-70℃.
Butylene Glycol is classified under the Japanese Fire Services Act as a hazardous material, Class 4, Petroleums No.3, water soluble, Hazardous Rank III.
Volatility is low, and Butylene Glycol is unlikely to catch fire by itself at room temperature.
However, in case it is burning, dry chemical, foam (alcohol resistant), or large amounts of water are effective.
Butylene Glycol has relatively low toxicity and is a relatively safe chemical.
When handling, however, protective equipment such as protective gloves and goggles should be worn.
Butylene Glycol is soluble in alcohol, slightly soluble in ether.
Butylene Glycol is solely solidified in the coolant to form colorless needle-like crystals, react with dilute nitric acid to form succinic acid, and produce precipitation when encountering potassium carbonate solution
Uses of Butylene Glycol
Butylene Glycol is mainly used in the manufacture of tetrahydrofuran, γ-butyrolactone, polyurethane and thermoplastic engineering plastic PBT resin.
Butylene Glycol can also be prepared N-methyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and other pyrrolidone derivatives, also used in the preparation of vitamin B6, pesticides, herbicides and used as a variety of process solvents, plasticizers, lubricants, moisturizers, softeners, adhesives and brighteners for the electroplating industry.
Solubility of Butylene Glycol
Butylene Glycol solubility is miscible with water.
Butylene Glycol is soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, slightly soluble in ether.
Uses of Butylene Glycol
Butylene Glycol is used as solvents and moisturizers, but also for the preparation of plasticizers, drugs, polyester resins, polyurethane resins, etc
Synthesis of Butylene Glycol
In industrial chemical synthesis, acetylene reacts with two equivalents of formaldehyde to form butyne-1,4-diol.
Hydrogenation of butyne-1,4-diol gives Butylene Glycol.
Butylene Glycol is also made on an industrial scale from maleic anhydride in the Davy process, which is first converted to the methyl maleate ester, then hydrogenated.
Other routes are from butadiene, allyl acetate and succinic acid.
A biological route to BD has been commercialized that uses a genetically modified organism.
The biosynthesis proceeds via 4-hydroxybutyrate.
Industrial uses of Butylene Glycol
Butylene Glycol is used industrially as a solvent and in the manufacture of some types of plastics, elastic fibers and polyurethanes.
In organic chemistry, Butylene Glycol is used for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactone (GBL).
In the presence of phosphoric acid and high temperature, Butylene Glycol dehydrates to the important solvent tetrahydrofuran.
At about 200 °C in the presence of soluble ruthenium catalysts, the diol undergoes dehydrogenation to form butyrolactone.
Butylene Glycol is used to synthesize 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether which is then used as a reactive diluent for epoxy resins.
Use as a recreational drug
FDA warning against products containing GHB and its prodrugs, such as Butylene Glycol.
Butylene Glycol is also used as a recreational drug known by some users as "One Comma Four", "Liquid Fantasy", "One Four Bee" or "One Four B-D-O".
A few Federal Courts have stated that Butylene Glycol exerts effects similar to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), which is a metabolic product of 1,4-butanediol.
But other Federal courts have ruled that it is not.
Pharmacokinetics
Butylene Glycol is rapidly converted into gamma-hydroxybutyric acid by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, and differing levels of these enzymes may account for differences in effects and side effects between users.
While co-administration of ethanol and GHB already poses serious risks, co-administration of ethanol with Butylene Glycol will interact considerably and has many other potential risks.
This is because the same enzymes that are responsible for metabolizing alcohol also metabolize Butylene Glycol so there is a strong chance of a dangerous drug interaction.
Emergency room patients who overdose on both ethanol and Butylene Glycol often present with symptoms of alcohol intoxication initially and as the ethanol is metabolized the Butylene Glycol is then able to better compete for the enzyme and a second period of intoxication ensues as the Butylene Glycol is converted into GHB.
Pharmacodynamics
Butylene Glycol seems to have two types of pharmacological actions.
The major psychoactive effects of Butylene Glycol are because it is metabolized into GHB; however there is a study suggesting that Butylene Glycol may have potential alcohol-like pharmacological effects on its own.
The study arrived at this conclusion based on the finding that Butylene Glycol coadministered with ethanol led to potentiation of some of the behavioral effects of ethanol.
However, potentiation of ethanol's effects may simply be caused by competition for the alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes with co-administered 1,4-butanediol.
The shared metabolic rate-limiting steps thus leads to slowed metabolism and clearance for both compounds including ethanol's known toxic metabolite acetaldehyde.
Another study found no effect following intracerebroventricular injection of Butylene Glycol in rats.
This contradicts the hypothesis of Butylene Glycol having inherent alcohol-like pharmacological effects.
Like gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, Butylene Glycol is safe only in small amounts.
Adverse effects in higher doses include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sedation, vertigo, and potentially death if ingested in large amounts.
Anxiolytic effects are diminished and side effects increased when used in combination with alcohol.
Legality
While Butylene Glycol is not currently scheduled federally in the United States, a number of states have classified 1,4-butanediol as a controlled substance.
Individuals have been prosecuted for possession of Butylene Glycol under the Federal Analog Act as substantially similar to GHB.
A federal case in New York in 2002 ruled that Butylene Glycol could not be considered an analog of GHB under federal law, but that decision was later overturned by the Second Circuit.
A jury in Federal District Court in Chicago found that Butylene Glycol was not an analog of GHB under federal law, which was not disputed on the case's appeal to the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, however this finding did not affect the outcome of the case.
In the United Kingdom, Butylene Glycol was scheduled in December 2009 (along with another GHB precursor, gamma-butyrolactone) as a Class C controlled substance.
In Germany, Butylene Glycol is not explicitly illegal, but might also be treated as illegal if used as a drug.
Butylene Glycol is controlled as a Schedule VI precursor in Canada.
A toy called "Bindeez" ("Aqua Dots" in North America) was recalled by the distributor in November 2007 because of the presence of Butylene Glycol.
The toy consists of small beads that stick to each other by sprinkling water.
Butylene Glycol was detected by GC-MS.
The production plant seems to have intended to cut costs by replacing less toxic pentane-1,5-diol with Butylene Glycol.
2021 poisoning at Darmstadt Technical University
In August 2021, several people fell severely ill after consuming drinks at building L2.01 at the Lichtwiese Campus of Darmstadt Technical University, Germany.
Seven showed severe symptoms, two were transported to a hospital in Frankfurt am Main, and a 30-year-old person was, for a time, in a critical state.
Butylene Glycol had been detected in milk packages, as well as in water filters.
At the location, detectives also found bromophenols and dicyclohexylamine.