E 102 (TARTRAZINE)

CAS Number: 1934-21-0
Chemical formula: C16H9N4Na3O9S2
Molar mass: 534.36g

E 102 (Tartrazine) is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye primarily used as a food coloring.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is also known as E number E102, C.I. 19140, FD&C Yellow 5, Yellow 5 Lake, Acid Yellow 23, Food Yellow 4, and trisodium 1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-5-pyrazolone-3-carboxylate).
E 102 (Tartrazine) is a commonly used color all over the world, mainly for yellow, and can also be used with brilliant blue FCF (FD&C Blue 1, E133) or green S (E142) to produce various green shades.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is the second most widely used food coloring agent.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is added to a broad range of foods such as soft drinks, chips, pudding, honey, pickles, gum, mustard, gelatin, and baked goods.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is a bright yellow azo dye that is more stable and a cheaper alternative to natural food dyes.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is known by other names such as FD&C Yellow No. 5 and E 102 Europe.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is usually added to antacids, vitamins, cough syrups, and lotions.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is also used in other products such as inks, crayons, stamp dyes, and glues.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used primarily as a food coloring.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is also known as E number E102, CI. FD u0026 C Yellow 5, Acid Yellow 23, Food Yellow 4, and Trisodium 1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-5-pyrazolone-3-carboxylate).
E 102 (Tartrazine) is a synthetic organic chemical.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is soluble in water and has a maximum absorbance in an aqueous solution at 427 ± 2 nm.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is a common color around the world, primarily yellow, but can also be used with Brilliant Blue FCF (FD u0026 C Blue 1, E133) or Green S (E142) to produce a variety of green hues.

E 102 (Tartrazine) (otherwise known as E102 or FD&C Yellow 5) is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food coloring.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is derived from coal tar.

Chemistry of E 102 (Tartrazine):
E 102 (Tartrazine) is water-soluble and has a maximum absorbance in an aqueous solution at 425 nm.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is one of the oldest known member of the pyrazolone family of dyes.

E 102 (Tartrazine), also referred to as FD&C yellow #5, is an artificial (synthetic) food dye.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is one of several azo food dyes that are made from petroleum products.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is also known as food yellow 4, F&DC yellow dye 5, E102, CI 19140, and acid yellow 23.
E 102 (Tartrazine) has the chemical formula of C16 H9N4Na3O9S2.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is a synthetic colouring agent that belongs to the class of monoazo pyrazolone dyes.
The dye consists of trisodium 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate and subsidiary colouring matters together with sodium chloride and/or sodium sulfate as the principal uncoloured components.

The calcium and potassium salts of E 102 (Tartrazine) are also permitted (EC, 2008).
The trisodium salt is certifiable by the USA as FD&C Yellow No. 5 (CFR, 2016).
E 102 (Tartrazine)'s important to note that food dyes are present not only in foods but can be found in cosmetics and other products, and some absorption through the skin occurs.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is a bright yellow pigment that is used in many foods as a colouring.
As well as making food and drinks yellow, E 102 (Tartrazine) can be mixed with other pigments to make a variety of colours, such as green, pink, orange, etc.
As such, E 102 (Tartrazine) is probably the most widely used food colouring in the world.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is a monoazo dyes that occurs as a yellow-orange powder or granules.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is principally the trisodium salt of 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl) -4- [4-sulfophenyl-azo] -1H-pyrazole -3-carboxylic acid and may be converted to the corresponding aluminum lake.
E 102 (Tartrazine) provides a lemon-yellow color and can be used in drugs, cosmetics, and foods, including dietary supplements, beverages, frozen treats, powder mixes, gelatin products, candies, icings, jellies, spices, dressings, sauces, baked goods and dairy products.

E 102 (Tartrazine), also known as FD&C Yellow #5, is an approved artificial food color that has been widely used in foods and pharmaceuticals for many years.
Ingestion of E 102 (Tartrazine) is associated with adverse reactions (asthma and chronic hives) in a sensitive subpopulation of consumers.

However, unlike the situation with sulfite-induced asthma, the association of E 102 (Tartrazine) in the provocation of asthma and chronic uriticaria is controversial. The effects noted in some studies could not be reproduced in others.
Both asthma and chronic urticaria are chronic illnesses whose symptoms tend to flare-up at unpredictable times.
In some of the clinical trials on E 102 (Tartrazine), key pharmaceutical agents have been withdrawn from the human subjects before initiation of the E 102 (Tartrazine) challenges.

If the study is not designed carefully, the flare-up of the asthma or urticaria in such a trial could be due to either the administration of E 102 (Tartrazine) or the withdrawal of the medication that controls symptoms.
The plethora of poorly designed clinical trials on E 102 (Tartrazine) has led several groups to conclude that E 102 (Tartrazine) may not actually elicit asthma or chronic urticaria.

Other uses of E 102 (Tartrazine):
3D Printing:
E 102 (Tartrazine) has been used as a biocompatible photoblocker for generating transparent hydrogels with complex inner structures.

Molecular Weight: 534.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 12
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 533.95040307
Monoisotopic Mass: 533.95040307
Topological Polar Surface Area: 229 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 34
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 949
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 4
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

E 102 (Tartrazine) is a bright yellow azo dye that is more stable and a cheaper alternative to natural food dyes.

KEYWORDS:
1934-21-0, FD & C Yellow no. 5, trisodium salt, C.I. 19140, Atul E 102 (Tartrazine), Tartran Yellow, Zlut pigment 100, CCRIS 2656, HSDB 7216, NSC 4760

E 102 (Tartrazine) some of the clinical trials on E 102 (Tartrazine), key pharmaceutical agents have been withdrawn from the human subjects before initiation of the E 102 (Tartrazine) challenges.
E 102 (Tartrazine) the study is not designed carefully, the flare-up of the asthma or urticaria in such a trial could be due to either the administration of E 102 (Tartrazine) or the withdrawal of the medication that controls symptoms.
The plethora of poorly designed clinical trials on E 102 (Tartrazine) has led several groups to conclude that E 102 (Tartrazine) may not actually elicit asthma or chronic urticaria

E 102 (Tartrazine), known as lemon yellow, is a kind of water-soluble azo dye and often used in the coloring of food, beverage and so on.
Studies have shown that intake of tartarzine can cause a series of biochemical markers changes at both higher doses and low doses, which are significantly harmful to asthma patients and children at higher doses.

For instance, Zhang et al. prepared alumina microfibers and used them to construct electrochemical sensors for the sensitive detection of E 102 (Tartrazine).
Owing to the porous structures and large surface area, alumina microfibers exhibited high accumulation efficiency for E 102 (Tartrazine) and significantly increased the oxidation signal of E 102 (Tartrazine).

The method showed a linear range from 0.08 to 37.5 μM with the LOD of 28 nM was achieved.
Finally, the method was verified by juice and honey samples with recoveries at 92.0~105.2%, which suggested its potential application in practical measurement of E 102 (Tartrazine) in foodstuff samples.
Similarly, Yang et al. described a rapid, sensitive and selective fluorescence method based on the quenching effect of E 102 (Tartrazine) towards acriflavine.

The proposed method manifested satisfied linear relationship and sensitivity to E 102 (Tartrazine) with the linear range of 0.056~5 μM and LOD of 0.017 μM (3σ/k).
By using a standard addition method, the recoveries from 96.0% to 103.0% can be obtained for E 102 (Tartrazine) in real food samples.
Thus, in addition to the convenience, the FRET method shows higher sensitivity and stability in the analysis of E 102 (Tartrazine).

E 102 (Tartrazine) allergy refers to intolerance to this additive.
In a relatively small population, it causes allergic reactions, the mechanism for which is still not clearly understood.
Although several studies indicate that E 102 (Tartrazine) and similar additives cause hyperactivity in kids, the FDA rejected these claims for want of sufficient evidence.

Symptoms of E 102 (Tartrazine) sensitivity:
E 102 (Tartrazine) allergy symptoms usually manifest as an increase in reaction to other allergens rather than as a direct reaction to E 102 (Tartrazine).
Sensitive individuals react to this dye in different ways.

Major symptoms of E 102 (Tartrazine) intolerance include skin rashes, hives, and nasal congestion.
Rarely, E 102 (Tartrazine) is said to cause asthma in sensitive individuals.

According to studies, adverse reactions to E 102 (Tartrazine) may also affect the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, and respiratory tract, though many of these effects are rare and unconfirmed.
Some studies even claim that E 102 (Tartrazine) causes thyroid tumors and lymphomas, but the evidence is not convincing enough.

Available evidence from various studies on the effects of E 102 (Tartrazine) intolerance shows that adverse reactions to E 102 (Tartrazine) are of a pharmacological nature and not immunological.
Therefore sensitization after ingestion is largely unlikely.
Extensive cross-reactivity of E 102 (Tartrazine) with other azo dyes and natural additives further complicates research in this area.

Treatment of E 102 (Tartrazine) allergy
Management of E 102 (Tartrazine) allergy is mainly by allergen avoidance.
People who are E 102 (Tartrazine) intolerant should avoid foods that contain the additive.
Dietary modification is done in allergic people by educating the parents and carers about the identification and avoidance of additives.

When avoidance is not possible, allergen exposure should be treated based on the degree and nature of the allergic response.
If allergy symptoms are mild and self-limiting, no treatment is required.
Allergic rhinitis and some skin conditions can be treated using nasal sprays and antihistamines.
Asthmatic symptoms are treated using antihistamines and bronchodilators.
Beta agonist inhalation is also a solution for asthma-related symptoms such as wheezing after E 102 (Tartrazine) exposure.
Oral steroids can be used to treat moderate allergic reactions.

Research on E 102 (Tartrazine) hypersensitivity
The popularity and widespread availability of azo dyes such as E 102 (Tartrazine) have made these colorful compounds an indispensable part of the food industry.
Several studies focused on E 102 (Tartrazine) sensitivity have come up with contradictory results, and therefore the ill effects of E 102 (Tartrazine) are deemed subjective.
Wherever studies indicated sensitivity, it has been proved to be general sensitivity to azo dyes and not E 102 (Tartrazine) in isolation.

In 1986, the Committee on Hypersensitivity to Food Constituents at the FDA reported that only about 1 in 10,000 people are sensitive enough to develop hives after E 102 (Tartrazine) ingestion.
E 102 (Tartrazine) was also concluded that sufficient evidence is not available to prove E 102 (Tartrazine)’s role in triggering asthma attacks.
However, the FDA directed manufacturers to identify the compound in the ingredient label of products as Yellow No. 5 so as to allow E 102 (Tartrazine)-sensitive people to avoid such products.

IUPAC name: Trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(E)-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate

What is E 102 (Tartrazine)?
E 102 (Tartrazine) is an azo dye, also known as FD&C Yellow No. 5 and is commonly used as a pharmaceutical colorant.
E 102 (Tartrazine) has been FDA-approved as a drug colorant for internal consumption, external use and around the eye area.
In addition to use in pharmaceuticals as a dye, E 102 (Tartrazine) is used as a food and cosmetic colorant.
FD&C colors are the colors certified for use by the U.S. FDA, in the drug, food and cosmetic industry.

Over-the-counter and prescription drugs that contain E 102 (Tartrazine) shall bear statements on the label stating that the product contains FD&C Yellow No. 5 (E 102 (Tartrazine)) as a color additive or contains color additives including FD&C Yellow No. 5 (E 102 (Tartrazine)).
They may also state that FD&C Yellow No. 5 (E 102 (Tartrazine)) may cause allergic-type reactions (including bronchial asthma) in certain susceptible persons.

Although the overall incidence of FD&C Yellow No. 5 (E 102 (Tartrazine)) sensitivity in the general population is low, it is frequently seen in patients who also have aspirin hypersensitivity.
This warning statement shall appear in the "Precautions" section of the labeling.

E 102 (Tartrazine) hypersensitivity reactions include headaches, asthma attacks, itching or hives, insomnia, and hyperactivity.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is often associated with allergies and hypersensitivity reactions, particularly in patients with asthma or aspirin intolerance.
E 102 (Tartrazine) hypersensitivity reactions include headaches, asthma attacks, itching or hives, insomnia, and hyperactivity.

The avoidance of E 102 (Tartrazine) to prevent allergic asthma in these patients is controversial.
A Cochrane Review from 2006 suggests that exclusion of E 102 (Tartrazine) from the diets of patients with asthma does not worsen or improve asthma symptoms.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is water solubleand has a max absorbance in an aqueous solution at 427±2[2] nm
E 102 (Tartrazine) is a very commonly used color in Africa and Sweden — obviously used for yellow, but can also be used with E133 Brilliant Blue FCF or E142 Green S to produce various green shades.

Foods:
The foods in the following list may contain E 102 (Tartrazine) or not, depending on the manufacturer or the cook in charge; however, for several decades (since the 1950s) they have been known to frequently have various proportions of it, while nowadays the trend is to avoid its addition, or to substitute it for natural dying substances, like anatto, malt color, or betacarotene (see Sensitivities & Intolerance, below).
Confectionery, soft drinks, instant puddings, flavored chips (Doritos, Nachos, etc), cereals (corn flakes, muesli, etc.), cake mixes, pastries, custard powder, soups (particularly instant or "cube" soups), sauces, some rices (like paella, risotto, etc.), kool-aid, ice cream, ice lollies, candy, chewing gum, marzipan, jam, jelly, gelatins, marmalade, mustard, horseradish, yogurt, noodles, pickles and other pickled products, certain brands of fruit squash, fruit cordial, chips, tim tams, and many convenience foods together with glycerin, lemon and honey products.

Non-food products:
Soaps, cosmetics, shampoos and other hair products, moisturizers, crayons and stamp dyes.

Medications:
Vitamins, antacids, medicinal capsules and certain prescription drugs.

Foods:
Many foods contain E 102 (Tartrazine) in varying proportions, depending on the manufacturer or person preparing the food. When in food, E 102 (Tartrazine) is typically labelled as "color", "E 102 (Tartrazine)", or "E102", depending on the jurisdiction, and the applicable labeling laws (see Regulation below).
Products containing E 102 (Tartrazine) commonly include processed commercial foods that have an artificial yellow or green color, or that consumers expect to be brown or creamy looking.
E 102 (Tartrazine) has been frequently used in the bright yellow coloring of imitation lemon filling in baked goods.

Desserts and confectionery: ice cream, ice pops and popsicles, confectionery and hard candy (such as gummy bears, Peeps marshmallow treats, etc.), cotton candy, instant puddings and gelatin (such as Jell-O), cake mixes, pastries (such as Pillsbury pastries), custard powder, marzipan, biscuits, and cookies.
Beverages: soft drinks (such as Mountain Dew), energy and sports drinks, powdered drink mixes (such as Kool-Aid), fruit cordials, and flavored/mixed alcoholic beverages.
Snacks: flavored corn chips (such as Doritos, nachos, etc.), chewing gum, popcorn (both microwave and cinema-popped), and potato chips.
Condiments and spreads: jam, jelly (including mint jelly), marmalade, mustard, horseradish, pickles (and other products containing pickles such as tartar sauce and dill pickle dip), and processed sauces.
Other processed foods: cereal (such as corn flakes, muesli, etc.), instant or "cube" soups, rices (like paella, risotto, etc.), noodles (such as some varieties of Kraft Dinner), pureed fruit and pickled peppers, bright-green-colored seaweed salad.

Personal care and cosmetics products:
A number of personal care and cosmetics products may contain E 102 (Tartrazine), usually labelled as CI 19140 or FD&C Yellow 5, including:
Liquid and bar soaps, green hand sanitizer, moisturizers and lotions, mouth washes, perfumes, toothpastes, and shampoos, conditioners and other hair products.
Cosmetics, such as eyeshadow, blush, face powder and foundation, lipstick, etc. – even those that are primarily pink or purple.
Nail polish, nail polish remover, temporary tattoos, and tanning lotions.

Medications:
Various types of medications include E 102 (Tartrazine) to give a yellow, orange or green hue to a liquid, capsule, pill, lotion, or gel, primarily for easy identification.
Types of pharmaceutical products that may contain E 102 (Tartrazine) include vitamins, antacids, cold medications (including cough drops and throat lozenges), lotions and prescription drugs.

Most, if not all, medication data sheets are required to contain a list of all ingredients, including E 102 (Tartrazine).
Some include E 102 (Tartrazine) in the allergens alert section.
The Canadian Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (CPS), a prescribing reference book for health professionals, mentions E 102 (Tartrazine) as a potential allergy for each drug that contains E 102 (Tartrazine).

Other products:
Other products, such as household cleaning products, paper plates, pet foods, crayons, inks for writing instruments, stamp dyes, face paints, envelope glues, and deodorants, may also contain E 102 (Tartrazine).

Myths:
Rumors began circulating about Yellow 5 in the 1990s regarding a link to its consumption and adverse affects on male potency and penis size.
These rumors most likely were spun from confirmed cases of allergic reactions and sensitivities to E 102 (Tartrazine).
There are no documented cases supporting the claim that Yellow 5 will shrink a man's penis or cause it to stop growing.

Sensitivities & Intolerance of E 102 (Tartrazine):
This article needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
E 102 (Tartrazine) appears to cause the most allergic and intolerance reactions of all the azo dyes, particularly among those with an aspirin intolerance and asthmatics.
The mechanism of sensitivity is obscure and has been called pseudoallergic.
The prevalence of E 102 (Tartrazine) intolerance is estimated at roughly 360,000 Americans affected, about 0.12% of the general population.
According to the FDA, E 102 (Tartrazine) causes hives in fewer than 1 in 10,000 people, or 0.01%.

Symptoms from E 102 (Tartrazine) sensitivity can occur by either ingestion or cutaneous exposure to a substance containing E 102 (Tartrazine).

Reactions can include anxiety, migraines, clinical depression, blurred vision, itching, general weakness, heatwaves, feeling of suffocation, purple skin patches, and sleep disturbance.
In rare cases, the symptoms of E 102 (Tartrazine) sensitivity can be felt even at extremely small doses and can last up to 72 hours after exposure.
Some researchers have linked E 102 (Tartrazine) to childhood Obsessive-compulsive disorder and hyperactivity.

A study commissioned by the UK's Food Standards Agency found that when used in a mixture of other preservatives, increased levels of hyperactivity in children were observed.

Organic foods typically use betacarotene as an additive when yellow color is desired and more use has been made of Annatto (E160b) for non-organic foods.

Treatment:
Total avoidance is the most common way to deal with E 102 (Tartrazine) sensitivity.
Progress has been made in reducing people’s E 102 (Tartrazine) sensitivity in a study of people who are simultaneously sensitive to both aspirin and E 102 (Tartrazine).

Tatrazine, or as it is called Yellow No.5 (E102) on commercial labels, is an artificial azo food coloring that gives a yellow or orange color.
E 102 (Tartrazine) intended use is to make foods, especially highly processed foods such as confectionery, carbonated drinks and breakfast cereals, look fresher, tastier and more appetizing, and become aesthetically appealing.

Artificial food dyes are cheaper and more accessible than natural food dyes.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is an azo compound with the formula C16H9N4Na3O9S2 obtained from petroleum products.
Carbon, hydrogen , which is generally found in natural food dyesand in addition to nitrogen, it also contains sodium, oxygen and sulfur.
These are all naturally occurring elements, but natural dyes are not as stable as E 102 (Tartrazine), which is made from petroleum by-products.

E 102 (Tartrazine) FDA approved the use of E 102 (Tartrazine) in foods and the following products between 1969 and 1994:
-Oral medications
-Topical drugs
-Make-up materials -Eye
area treatments
-Yellow 5
-Yellow 6
-Quinoline yellow
-Carmoisine
-Red 40 (Alura red)
-Ponso 4R

Is E 102 (Tartrazine) Safe to Consume E 102 (Tartrazine) Foods?
Food dyes such as E 102 (Tartrazine), which can be found in cosmetics and other products, may absorb some through the skin.
In recent years, the reliability of E 102 (Tartrazine) along with some other food dyes has been questioned. Regulators in different countries have different views on the safety of E 102 (Tartrazine).
Studies have found a possible link between symptoms of hyperactivity in children and juices containing food dyes.
Research also shows that food dyes can have moderate to high amounts of harmful effects over time.
The European Union (EU) Food Standards Agency has deemed six food dyes unsafe for children after the publication of a groundbreaking 2007 study linking hyperactivity in preschool and school-aged children to food dyes. in EU,

Side Effects of E 102 (Tartrazine):
E 102 (Tartrazine) has long been suspected to be the cause of many adverse reactions, but most of them have not received much support in the literature.

Some of the reactions suspected to be caused by the use of E 102 (Tartrazine) in susceptible patients are:
-Urticaria (hives)
-Angioedema (swelling of the lips, tongue, throat and neck caused by histamine secretion in case of an allergic reaction)
-Asthma
-Atopic dermatitis (skin rash due to allergies)
-Food intolerances
-Hyperactive behaviors

The latest research has found that only 1% of allergic patients respond to E 102 (Tartrazine) when subjected to specific testing.
Studies also suggest that patients with asthma and aspirin allergies may have a higher incidence of allergies to azo dyes such as E 102 (Tartrazine).

However, some randomized, controlled studies have not found an increased risk for the use of E 102 (Tartrazine) in patients with asthma and aspirin sensitivity.
Often, even medications used to treat severe allergic reactions to E 102 (Tartrazine), such as some antihistamines and corticosteroids, may contain E 102 (Tartrazine), making symptoms worse.

E 102 (Tartrazine) May Have Neurotoxic Effects
E 102 (Tartrazine) Potential Risks of E 102 (Tartrazine) Food Coloringappears to be a neurotoxin (toxic to cells in the brain), at least for rats.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is thought to affect the nervous system in rats in different ways such as spatial memory and more.

A 2017 study found that giving vitamin E could prevent E 102 (Tartrazine)-induced structural and behavioral changes, at least in baby rats.
When E 102 (Tartrazine) was given to rats in the experimental environment , a series of findings such as a decrease in brain neurotransmitters and a significant increase in malondialdehyde levels were observed.
Increased cell death in the brain has also been noted, but the significance of these changes is uncertain.

Foods Containing E 102 (Tartrazine) and Food Labels
Potential Risks of E 102 (Tartrazine) Food ColoringFoods such as dyed, appealing drinks, baked goods, and candies may seem like fairly obvious sources of E 102 (Tartrazine), but some food sources can be misleading.
For example, no one would expect E 102 (Tartrazine) to be found in a refrigerated pickle jar, but they can contain it.

Other surprise resources include medications, mouthwashes, and toothpastes.
While creating the ingredient list of many products, E 102 (Tartrazine) is not always included in the labels, even if it is in the content of some foods such as ice cream and desserts.

The following are some foods that contain E 102 (Tartrazine):
-Some breakfast cereals
-Prepackaged pasta mixes
-Processed pastries
-Some breads and toasties
-Cake mixes
-Commercial pies, muffins, cupcakes
-Commercial gingerbread and cakes
-Chocolate drops -Brightly
-colored confectionery, cake decorations
-Ready-to-eat canned
-puddings
-Ready-to- bake powder puddings -Soup mixes
-Some ice creams and sherbets
-Some candy coatings
-Hard candies
-Colorful marshmallows
-Flavored, strikingly colored sodas and fruit juices
-Flavored powder drink mixes
-Gums
-Jellies
-Some marmalades and jams
-Mustard
-Many products with honey, ginger and lemon

How Can E 102 (Tartrazine) Consumption Be Reduced?
Patients who are known to be sensitive or allergic to E 102 (Tartrazine) should discuss with their doctor whether they should avoid E 102 (Tartrazine)-added foods, drugs, and cosmetics.
Other artificial colorants other than E 102 (Tartrazine) have also received much attention.
Many countries have banned the use of azo dyes in food, and the use of these dyes is well regulated in exported food sources.
Food labels should be checked more frequently to reduce E 102 (Tartrazine) intake.

E 102 (Tartrazine) , foods containing other food dyes with the following commercial codes and names should be avoided:
-Sunset Yellow (Sunset Yellow, Yellow 6: E 110)
-Kinoline yellow (E 104)
-Blue 1 (Brillant blue No. 1 or E 133) )
-Blue 2 (indigotine): (Indigo carmine: E132)
-Green 3 (Fast grain FCF: E 143)
-Green S (E 142)
- Patent blue (E 131)
-Brown HT (E 155)
-Red 40 (Alura red: E 129)
-Erythrosine (Red No. 3 or da E 127)
-Azorubin (Carmosine: E 122)
-Ponso 4R (Conisal Red: E 124)
-Brilliant Black (E 151)

Knowing that many brands in the food industry have switched to natural colors can give some reassurance.

Even some larger companies are now replacing artificial food dyes with the following alternatives:
-Carmine -Chili pepper
(natural alternative to Yellow 5)
-Annatto
-Beetroot extract
-Lycopene (from Tomato)
-Saffron
-Carrot oil

E 102 (Tartrazine) should be noted that natural colors are not a magic wand.
For example, carmine is obtained from crushed insects, which not everyone is willing to eat.
Annatto, which is obtained from the seeds of the achiote (Bixa orellana) tree located in the tropics, giving yellow and orange colors such as turmeric and saffron, is known to cause allergic reactions in some people.
To remove or reduce E 102 (Tartrazine) from the diet (otherwise known as the trade label Yellow 5), some simple solutions may work, as shown in the examples below:

E 102 (Tartrazine) is a dye.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is found in confectionery, cotton candy, soft drinks, instant puddings, flavored chips (Doritos, Nachos), cereals (corn flakes, muesli), cake mixes, pastries, custard powder, soups (particularly instant or "cube" soups), sauces, some rices (paella, risotto, etc.), Kool-Aid, Mountain Dew, Gatorade, ice cream, ice pops, candy, chewing gum, marzipan, jam, jelly, gelatins, marmalade, mustard, horseradish, yogurt, noodles, pickles and other pickled products, certain brands of fruit squash, fruit cordial, chips, biscuits, and many convenience foods together with glycerin, lemon, and honey products.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is also found in soaps, cosmetics, shampoos and other hair products, moisturizers, crayons, and stamp dyes.
The pharmaceutical industry uses this in vitamins, antacids, and prescription drugs.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is also found in some cosmetics and personal care products such as liquid soaps, lotions, hand sanitizer, perfumes, nail polish, and shampoos.
Several medications contain E 102 (Tartrazine), which renders a yellow or orange hue to them.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is usually added to antacids, vitamins, cough syrups, and lotions.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is also used in other products such as inks, crayons, stamp dyes, and glues.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is a dye & it gives coloration through solution.
For coloration this product, first pre-soluble in any suitable medium (like water, milk or any convenient medium which is compatible to final product).
This solution is then used for the coloration of final product.
E 102 (Tartrazine) can be used in cosmetic products.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye primarily used as a food coloring.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is water-soluble and has a maximum absorbance in an aqueous solution at 425 nm.

E 102 (Tartrazine) (FDC Yellow No.5) is an orange-yellow azo dye used to colour foods, soft drinks and drugs.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is safe for most people, but some are sensitive to it and may suffer adverse reactions.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is difficult to avoid because its use is so widespread and its presence in a product does not have to be declared.

Manufacturers use dyes to enhance the appearance of a product and to help identification of different drugs and dosage forms.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is used alone or combined with other dyes (combinations can form a red or green colour) in many pharmaceutical products.
Any part of a preparation may contain it - the gelatin capsule, the tablet coating, the product identification marking, or the filler.

E 102 (Tartrazine) (E102 food additive) is a food coloring of synthetic origin.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is not found in nature in its pure form.
E 102 (Tartrazine) colorant is extracted from coal tar, a manufacturing waste product.

By its physical form, E 102 (Tartrazine) is a water-soluble powder of yellow color with a golden tint.
Under the influence of sunlight, the E 102 (Tartrazine) additive can disintegrate into simpler compounds.
The chemical formula of E 102 (Tartrazine): C16H9N4Na3O9S2.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is widely used because of its low cost.
E 102 (Tartrazine) additive is one of the cheapest synthetic colorants.
E 102 (Tartrazine) colorant is used in the food industry to give products a yellow color. E 102 (Tartrazine) is often mixed with other colorants to give products a certain color and tint.

Uses of E 102 (Tartrazine):
The most common E 102 (Tartrazine) additive (E 102 (Tartrazine)) is found in confectionery products and drinks of yellow colors of all tints: candies, cakes, carbonated drinks.
Also, E 102 (Tartrazine) colorant is often found in canned fruits and vegetables, mustard, soups and yogurts.

Legal:.
E 102 (Tartrazine) additive is allowed for use in the food industry in Russia, Ukraine and other European countries.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is a synthetic colouring food additive.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is added to a wide range of food products to give them a yellow colour.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is manufactured from coal tar and exists as light orange powder or granules.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is commonly known by the name E 102 (Tartrazine) and is referred to as an azo dye ( a compound formed when two hydrocarbon groups are joined by two nitrogen atoms) and is considered more stable and cheaper to natural food dyes.
Hence, it has been quite prevalent in the usage of packaged food products.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is a synthetic lemon yellow azo dye primarily used as a food coloring.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is also known as E number E102, C.I. 19140, FD&C Yellow 5, Acid Yellow 23, Food Yellow 4, and trisodium 1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-(4-sulfonatophenylazo)-5-pyrazolone-3-carboxylate).
E 102 (Tartrazine) is a commonly used color all over the world, mainly for yellow, and can also be used with
Brilliant Blue FCF (FD&C Blue 1, E133) or Green S (E142) to produce various green shades.

Foods:
Products containing E 102 (Tartrazine) commonly include processed commercial foods that have an artificial yellow or green color, or that consumers expect to be brown or creamy looking.
E 102 (Tartrazine) has been frequently used in the bright yellow coloring of imitation ?lemon? filling in baked goods.

The following is a list of foods that may contain E 102 (Tartrazine):
Desserts and confectionery: ice cream, ice pops and popsicles, confectionery and hard candy (such as gummy bears, Peeps marshmallow treats, etc.), cotton candy, instant puddings and gelatin (such as Jell-O), cake mixes, pastries (such as Pillsbury pastries), custard powder, marzipan, biscuits, and cookies.
Beverages: soft drinks (such as Mountain Dew), energy and sports drinks, powdered drink mixes (such as Kool-Aid), fruit cordials, and flavored/mixed alcoholic beverages.
Snacks: flavored corn chips (such as Doritos, nachos, etc.), chewing gum, popcorn (both microwave and cinema-popped), and potato chips.
Condiments and spreads: jam, jelly (including mint jelly), marmalade, mustard, horseradish, pickles (and other products containing pickles such as tartar sauce and dill pickle dip), and processed sauces.
Other processed foods: cereal (such as corn flakes, muesli, etc.), instant or "cube" soups), rices (like paella, risotto, etc.), noodles (such as some varieties of Kraft Dinner), pureed fruit and pickled peppers, bright-green-colored seaweed salad.
Personal care and cosmetic.

E 102 (Tartrazine) (also known as E102 or FD&C Yellow 5) is a synthetic yellow dye used mainly for food coloring.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is produced from benzene - and is technically little more than brightly colored industrial waste.
E 102 (Tartrazine) also one of the most used color additives in the world – although there are natural and less harmful alternatives available as beta carotene, turmeric and annatto.

You can find E 102 (Tartrazine) in a large range of food medicine products.
For example: Food Products confectionery soft drinks (Mountain Dew is a well-known culprit) energy drinks instant puddings flavored corn chips breakfast cereals cake mixes pastries cream powder yellow popcorn soups (especially instant or "cubed" soups) sauces some Rice (such as paella, risotto, etc.) powder drink mixes sports drinks ice cream gum marzipan jam and marmalad mustard and radish yogurt jelly noodles pickles and other pickled products fruit cordial potato chips biscuits lemon products honey products and many prepared foods

Non-Food Products soap cosmetics shampoo and other hair products emollients hand santiser nail polish pens you can also use ink to write tools and stamp paints

Medicines vitamins antacids medical capsules some prescription drugs What does it do?
The chemical structure of E 102 (Tartrazine) is similar to aspirin.
So asthmatic and others with aspirin sensitivity are particularly prone to side effects for E 102 (Tartrazine) containing products.
In addition, it has been linked to quite a list of harmful and unpleasant reactions, including: anxiety migraine OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder) urticaria asthma attacks sleep disorders/insomnia blurred vision eczema and other skin rashes

E 102 (Tartrazine) (E 102) and (E 102a) are additives used to give yellow color to foods and beverages .
Soft drinks, ice cream , candies , pudding and spaghetti are the main foods.
They cause skin rashes and asthma attacks.
E 102 (Tartrazine) says it has no side effects by world organizations and is accepted by all religious organizations.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is known as azo dye or azocolors.
Asthma, blurred vision, skin disease can cause allergic reactions.

In Germany, after, E 102 (Tartrazine) is stipulated that E 102 (Tartrazine) can reduce and affect children's activity and attention.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is recommended to stay away from those who are allergic to (E 210) or Aspirin.
E 102 (Tartrazine) can be of vegetable or animal origin.

When E 102 (Tartrazine) is in food, it is typically labeled "color", "E 102 (Tartrazine)" or "E102" depending on jurisdiction and applicable labeling laws.

E 102 (Tartrazine)-containing products are commonly processed commercial foods that have an artificial yellow or green color, or consumers expect them to appear brown or creamy.
The bright yellow color was often used to imitate the "lemon" in baked goods.
The following is a list of foods that may contain E 102 (Tartrazine):

Desserts and confectionery : ice cream , ice pops and candy , fudge and hard candy ( jelly teddy bear , "Cik!" candies, marshmallows , etc.), cotton candy , puddings and gelatin (such as Jelly-O), cake mixes, pastries, custard powder, marzipan , biscuits and cookies.
Beverages: soft drinks ( such as Mountain Dew ), energy and sports drinks, powdered beverage mix (such as Kool-Aid), fruit-based beverages, and flavored/mixed spirits.
Snacks: flavored corn chips like Doritos , nachos , chewing gum , popcorn (both microwave and movie theater popcorn), and potato chips .
Condiments and spreads: jam , jelly (including mint jelly), marmalade , mustard, horseradish, pickles (other products that contain pickles, such as tartar sauce and dill pickles), and processed sauces.
Other processed foods: cereal ( like cereal , muesli ), instant or "cubed" soup), rice , rice like risotto , noodles (like some types of Kraft Dishes), mashed fruit and pickled peppers, light green seaweed salad Wakame .

Personal care and cosmetics:
A number of personal care and cosmetic products may contain E 102 (Tartrazine), often labeled as CI 19140 or FD&C Yellow 5, which includes:
Liquid and bar soaps, green soap remover, moisturizers and lotions, mouth washes, perfumes, toothpastes and shampoos, creams and other hair products.
Cosmetics such as eye shadow, blush, face powder and foundation, lipstick - mainly pink or purple ones. Often makeup manufacturers use a label for all the shades in the product line.
Nail polish, nail polish remover, temporary tattoos and tanning lotions.

E 102 (Tartrazine) physical structure is powder.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is soluble in water.
Yellow (E 102 (Tartrazine)) Powder Food Coloring ; E 102 (Tartrazine) is among the food additives with the code E102.

All foods, beverages, and even medicines that are dyed yellow contain tatrazine.
Although some drugs are dyed in different colors, you can read that they contain E 102 (Tartrazine), namely E-102, E-102a in the package insert.
E 102 (Tartrazine) addition, it is not written on many products sold in the markets that they contain tatrazine

E 102 (Tartrazine) is in the category of E 102 group colorants.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is a synthetic food dye with high water solubility.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is in a suitable position to be evaluated in different food productions and it is possible to transfer it to production areas in a large structure.

Functions and Features: Contains substances that do not harm human health.
E 102 (Tartrazine) also has a structure suitable for over-evaluation in the food sector.
The colorant is a yellow food dye and it is possible to transfer it into the food produced without any problems.

Areas of Usage :
E 102 (Tartrazine) is used as a colorant in ice cream, pasta and confectionery factories.
In addition, it is easily used in the production of soft drinks, puddings, powdered drink mixes, breakfast cereals, jams, marzipan, yoghurts and pickles.

E 102 (Tartrazine), also referred to as FD&C yellow #5, is an artificial (synthetic) food dye.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is one of several azo food dyes that are made from petroleum products.

Artificial food dyes are used to make foods more aesthetically appealing from a visual standpoint.
These dyes can be used to create colors not possible with natural products as well as to reinstate the original appearance of a food which may be lost in the production process.
Artificial food dyes are also often cheaper and more accessible than natural food dyes.
E 102 (Tartrazine) important to note that food dyes are present not only in foods but can be found in cosmetics and other products, and some absorption through the skin occurs.

Adverse Reactions to E 102 (Tartrazine)
E 102 (Tartrazine) has long been suspected of being the cause of many adverse reactions, though not all have been supported by research.

Some suspected reactions include:
-Urticaria (hives)
-Angioedema (swelling of the lips, tongue, throat, and neck caused by the release of histamine in an allergic reaction)
-Asthma1
-Atopic dermatitis (skin rashes related to allergies)
-Food intolerances
-The most recent research found that less than 1% of allergic patients (those who already have multiple allergies) reacted when tested for their response to E 102 (Tartrazine). There has also been a theory that people with aspirin-sensitive asthma may be especially sensitive to E 102 (Tartrazine), but this theory appears to be largely disproven based on more recent studies.

Neurotoxin:
E 102 (Tartrazine) appears to be a neurotoxin (toxic to cells in the brain) at least in rats.
E 102 (Tartrazine) thought that E 102 (Tartrazine) affects the nervous system in rats in ways that include problems with spacial memory and more.

Carcinogen:
One study looking at DNA repair found that E 102 (Tartrazine) had no cytotoxic effects, but did have significant genotoxic effects at all concentrations studied.
E 102 (Tartrazine) important to note that even when our DNA is damaged, we have many repair systems (such as proteins coded for within tumor suppressor genes) that can fix this damage.

In the study looking at E 102 (Tartrazine), it was found that most of the damage was amenable to repair, but that some damage did persist in specimens exposed to E 102 (Tartrazine), unlike those not exposed, even 24 hours after exposure.
The conclusion was that prolonged exposure to E 102 (Tartrazine) could trigger carcinogenesis.

E 102 (Tartrazine) During Pregnancy
Again, we don't know much about the possible effects of prenatal exposure to artificial food colorings, but several studies have found some problems, such as a decrease in motivation and anxiety in offspring of rats exposed during pregnancy.

This does not mean that there is a potential for problems in human infants.
Rats and humans are obviously different.
There are some substances that cause problems in rats but not in humans and vice versa.
What these animal studies suggest, however, is that it is important to further study this issue until more is known.

E 102 (Tartrazine)-Free Diet and Labeling
The following is a list of foods that often contain E 102 (Tartrazine).

While many products are labeled, others, such as ice cream and desserts, are not always labeled as containing E 102 (Tartrazine):
Certain breakfast cereals
Refrigerated rolls and quick breads
Cake mixes
Commercial pies
Commercial gingerbread
Butterscotch chips
Commercial frostings
Certain instant and regular puddings
Certain ice creams and sherbets
Certain candy coatings
Hard candies
Colored marshmallows
Flavored carbonated beverages
Flavored drink mixes

In addition to E 102 (Tartrazine), other synthetic colorants are getting more attention.
Dyes that are defined as azo food dyes, in addition to E 102 (Tartrazine)

E 102 (Tartrazine) E102 Yellow Food Coloring
E 102 (Tartrazine) is a synthetic food coloring.
E 102 (Tartrazine) gives yellow color to foods and beverages.

E 102 (Tartrazine) has the ability to dissolve in water.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is known by the code E102 among food dyes.
E 102 (Tartrazine) is used for coloring in the production of products such as confectionery, flavored corn chips, energy drinks, sauces, pastries, spaghetti and pudding.

E 102 (Tartrazine) is an organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of E 102 (Tartrazine) acid.
A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring.

E 102 (Tartrazine) has a role as a histological dye and a food colouring.
E 102 (Tartrazine) contains a E 102 (Tartrazine)

Synonyms:
1934-21-0
Acid yellow 23
Yellow 5
Food Yellow 4
Aizen E 102 (Tartrazine)
FD & C Yellow no. 5
FD&C Yellow No. 5
C.I. ACID YELLOW 23
trisodium salt
A.F. Yellow No. 4
C.I. 19140
1342-47-8
Atul E 102 (Tartrazine)
Erio E 102 (Tartrazine)
Kako E 102 (Tartrazine)
Tartran Yellow
E 102 (Tartrazine) Lake
E 102 (Tartrazine) B
E 102 (Tartrazine) C
E 102 (Tartrazine) G
E 102 (Tartrazine) M
E 102 (Tartrazine) N
E 102 (Tartrazine) O
E 102 (Tartrazine) T
CI 19140
HD E 102 (Tartrazine)
Hydrazine Yellow
Lake Yellow
Sugai E 102 (Tartrazine)
E 102 (Tartrazine) FQ
E 102 (Tartrazine) NS
E 102 (Tartrazine) XX
Tartrazol Yellow
Wool Yellow
E 102 (Tartrazine) XXX
E 102 (Tartrazine) MCGL
Tartrazol BPC
Amacid Yellow T
Cilefa Yellow T
Dye Yellow Lake
Fenazo Yellow T
Kayaku E 102 (Tartrazine)
Mitsui E 102 (Tartrazine)
Oxanal Yellow T
Tartar Yellow N
Tartar Yellow S
E 102 (Tartrazine) Yellow
Kiton Yellow T
Lemon Yellow A
Acid Yellow T
Bucacid E 102 (Tartrazine)
Dolkwal E 102 (Tartrazine)
Hexacol E 102 (Tartrazine)
Hidazid E 102 (Tartrazine)
Acilan Yellow GG
Egg Yellow A
San-ei E 102 (Tartrazine)
Tartar Yellow FS
Tartar Yellow PF
Airedale Yellow T
Canacert E 102 (Tartrazine)
Food Yellow 5
Neklacid Yellow T
Tartrine Yellow O
Eurocert E 102 (Tartrazine)
Vondacid E 102 (Tartrazine)
C.I. Pigment Yellow 100
Hydroxine Yellow L
E 102 (Tartrazine) C Extra
Calcocid Yellow XX
KCA E 102 (Tartrazine) PF
Yellow Lake 69
Naphtocard Yellow O
E 102 (Tartrazine) A Export
HD E 102 (Tartrazine) Supra
Calcocid Yellow MCG
E 102 (Tartrazine) Yellow 5
Yellow No. 5
E 102 (Tartrazine) A expo T
E 102 (Tartrazine) B.P.C.
12225-21-7
D&C Yellow 5
Food Yellow No. 4
Lemon Yellow A Geigy
Schultz No. 737
Maple Tartrazol Yellow
Acid Leather Yellow T
C.I. 640
Unitertracid Yellow TE
Yellow No. 5 FDC
Curon Fast Yellow 5G
FD And C Yellow 5
1310 Yellow
1409 Yellow
Xylene Fast Yellow GT
Hispacid Fast Yellow T
Usacert Yellow No. 5
C.I. Food Yellow 4
Hexacert Yellow No. 5
CHEBI:9405
FD&G Yellow No. 5
E 102 (Tartrazine) Extra Pure A
L Yellow Z 1020
E 102 (Tartrazine) Lake Yellow N
Edicol Supra E 102 (Tartrazine) N
D and C Yellow No. 5
KCA Foodcol E 102 (Tartrazine) PF
Certicol Tartrazol Yellow S
E 102 (Tartrazine) O Specially Pure
E 102 (Tartrazine) XX Specially Pure
Dye FD and C Yellow No. 5
E 102 (Tartrazine) FD & C Yellow #5
E102
Kayaku Food Colour Yellow No. 4
Food Yellow 4:1
trisodium;5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-4H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate
m-8847
NSC4760
Zlut kysela 23
4,5Dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid, trisodium salt
Trisodium 5-oxo-1-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-4-[(E)-(4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate
Zlut pigment 100
Zlut potravinarska 4
3-Carboxy-5-hydroxy-1-p-sulfophenyl-4-p-sulfophenylazopyrazole trisodium salt
L-Gelb 2
tri sodium salt
CCRIS 2656
HSDB 7216
FD & C Yellow No. 5 E 102 (Tartrazine)
NSC 4760
Food yellow No.4
EINECS 217-699-5
E 102
Epitope ID:124945
E 102 (Tartrazine), analytical standard
E 102 (Tartrazine) (C.I. 19140)
E 102 (Tartrazine), p.a., 95-105%
E 102 (Tartrazine), Dye content >=85 %
AMY22425
Trisodium salt of 3-carboxy-5-hydroxy-1-sulfophenylazopyrazole
E 102 (Tartrazine), for microscopy (Hist.)
1-(4-Sulfophenyl)-4-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic
MFCD00148908
AKOS015903034
AKOS016010270
Trisodium 3-carboxy-5-hydroxy-1-p-sulfophenyl-4-p-sulfophenylazopyrazole
Trisodium 5-hydroxy-1-(4-sulphophenyl)-4-(4-sulphophenylazo)pyrazole-3-carboxylate
BP-31013
Trisodium 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-4-((4-sulfophenyl)azo)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate
Y-4
FT-0621860
C07574
D90635
Q407158
W-107716