E 260

E 260 = ACETIC ACID

CAS number: 64-19-7
EC Number: 200-580-7
Molecular Formula: C​2H4O2

E 260, also known as acetic acid and ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. 
E 260 is one of the simplest carboxylic acids (the second-simplest, after formic acid) and has the chemical formula CH3COOH. 
In E 260's pure, water-free state, called glacial acetic acid, it is a colorless, hygroscopic liquid that freezes below 16.7°C (62°F) to a colorless crystalline solid. 
E 260 is corrosive, and E 260's vapor irritates the eyes, produces a burning sensation in the nose, and can lead to a sore throat and lung congestion. 
The term acetate is used when referring to the carboxylate anion (CH3COO-) or any of the salts or esters of acetic acid.

E 260 is a weak organic acid. 
E 260 is the primary component in vinegar, responsible for its sharp taste and aroma characteristic that in imparts on other products. 
E 260 is liquid, transparent and viscous at ambient temperature while a solid. 
E 260 is colorless and somewhat glassy.

E 260 is widely used in the food industry as a preservative and antimicrobial agent, inhibiting both bacteria and fungi.
E 260 is a colorless liquid compound found in vinegar. 
E 260's used in antibiotics, antiseptics, and disinfectants. 
E 260's also involved in some paper printing processes.

E 260 (CH3COOH) is mainly used in the chemical industry for the production of VAM (vinyl acetate monomer) and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) but is also used as a preservative and as a food additive. 
E 260's quality as well as its content in an aqueous solution can be determined using refractometry.

E 260 is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical useful for the production of various synthetic fibers and other polymeric materials. 
These polymers include polyethylene terephthalate, used mainly in soft drink bottles; cellulose acetate, used mainly for photographic film; and polyvinyl acetate, for wood glue. 
In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. 
The food industry uses E 260 (acetic acid) as an acidity regulator.

Applications/uses of E 260:
-Adhesives/sealants-B&C
-Agriculture intermediates
-Apparel
-Architectural coatings
-Automotive protective coatings
-Building materials
-Commerical printing inks
-Construction chemicals
-Decorative interiors
-Fertilizer
-Food ingredients
-Food preservatives
-Formulators
-Hard surface care
-Industrial cleaners
-Institutional cleaners
-Intermediates
-Oil or gas processing
-Other-food chemicals
-Other-transportation
-Packaging components non food contact
-Paints & coatings
-Pharmaceutical chemicals
-Process additives
-Refining
-Specialty chemicals
-Starting material
-Water treatment industrial

E 260, also known as acetic acid and ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. 

KEYWORDS:
64-19-7, 200-580-7, acetic acid, ethanoic acid, Methanecarboxylic acid, Vinegar acid, Acetasol, Essigsaeure, Acide acetique, Essigsaeure

E 260 is a colorless, liquid organic compound with a distinctive odor, sour taste, and smell. 
E 260 is one of the simplest carboxylic acids. 
E 260 is a significant chemical reagent and industrial chemical used in the production of soft drink bottles, polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, and many synthetic fibers and fabrics, as well as a host of household, food, and other applications that are essential to everyday life.

E 260 (CH3COOH) is the common name for ethanoic acid. 
E 260 is an organic chemical compound that has a distinctive pungent odor and sour flavor, recognizable as the scent and flavor of vinegar. 
Vinegar is about 3-9% acetic acid.

Acetic acid that contains a very low amount of water (less than 1%) is called anhydrous (water-free) acetic acid or glacial acetic acid. 
The reason it's called glacial is because it solidifies into solid acetic acid crystals just cooler than room temperature at 16.7 °C, which ice. 
Removing the water from acetic acid lowers its melting point by 0.2 °C.

Glacial acetic acid may be prepared by dripping acetic acid solution over a "stalactite" of solid acetic acid (which could be considered to be frozen). 
Like a water glacier contains purified water, even if it's floating in the salty sea, pure acetic acid sticks to the glacial acetic acid, while impurities run off with the liquid.

E 260 is one of the carboxylic acids. 
E 260 is the second simplest carboxylic acid, after formic acid. 
The main uses of E 260 are in vinegar and to make cellulose acetate and polyvinyl acetate. 
Acetic acid is used as a food additive (E260), where it is added for flavor and to regular acidity. 
E 260's an important reagent in chemistry, too. 

What is the difference between acetic acid, glacial acetic acid and vinegar?
Acetic acid in its pure form (99.5 percent concentration) is also known as glacial acetic acid. 
Glacial acetic acid has numerous industrial uses. 
Vinegar contains 4 to 8 percent acetic acid, and is made from the fermentation of fruit or grain juices/liquids.

Uses of E 260:
E 260 is the main component of vinegar, which contains 4 to 18% acetic acid. 
E 260 is used as a food preservative and food additive (known as E260). 
Large quantities of E 260 are used to make products such as ink for textile printing, dyes, photographic chemicals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, rubber and plastics.
E 260 is also used in some household cleaning products to remove lime scale.

Uses of E 260 in industries
E 260 is used in the manufacture of starting materials for paints and adhesives.
E 260 is used in the manufacture of precursors for paints and adhesives.
E 260 is used in the synthesis of dyes and inks.
E 260 is used in the synthesis of fragrances.

E 260 is used in the rubber and plastic industry. 
E 260 is used as solvents and starting material for many important polymers in the rubber and plastic industry like PVA, PET, etc.
E 260 is used as a starting material for constituents of paints and adhesives
E 260 is used in the food processing industry as an additive and food preservative in cheese and sauces.

E 260 is uses of acetic acid in chemical synthesis. 
E 260 is a cellulose derivative of acetic acid. 

Acetic Acid and Ethanoic Acid Naming:
The IUPAC name for the chemical is ethanoic acid, a name formed using the convention of dropping the final "e" in the alkane name of the longest carbon chain in the acid (ethane) and adding the "-oic acid" ending.

Even though the formal name is ethanoic acid, most people refer to the chemical as acetic acid.
In fact, the usual abbreviation for the reagent is AcOH, partly to avoid confusion with EtOH, a common abbreviation for ethanol. 
The common name "acetic acid" comes from the Latin word acetum, which means vinegar.

E 260 is a clear, colorless organic acid with a distinctive pungent odor, used as a solvent. 
E 260 is also called Methane Carboxylic Acid and Ethanoic Acid. 
E 260 uses include the manufacture of photographic films and stop bath and sometimes in the production of the plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET). 
The term "glacial acetic acid" is now taken to refer to pure acetic acid (ethanoic acid) in any physical state. 
CAS number is 64-19-7.

E 260, also known as ethanoic acid adn acetic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. 
Pure water-free acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) is a colorless hygroscopic liquid and freezes below 16.7 °C (62 °F) to a colourless crystalline solid. 
E 260 is corrosive, and its vapour is irritating to eyes and nose, although it is a weak acid based on its ability to dissociate in aqueous solutions.

E 260 is one of the simplest carboxylic acids (the second-simplest, next to formic acid). 
E 260 is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical that is used in the production of polyethylene terephthalate mainly used in soft drink bottles; cellulose acetate, mainly for photographic film; and polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, as well as many synthetic fibres and fabrics. 
In households diluted E 260 is often used in descaling agents. 
In the food industry E 260 is used under the food additive code E260 as an acidity regulator.

E 260 is a mildly corrosive monocarboxylic acid. 
Otherwise known as ethanoic acid, methanecarboxylic acid, hydrogen acetate or ethylic acid, this organic compound is used in chemical manufacturing, as a food additive, and in petroleum production. 
The molecular formula of acetic acid is C2H4O2 or CH3COOH, where –COOH defines the presence of the single carboxyl group.

CAS Number: 64-19-7
Synonyms: hydrogen acetate, ethanoic acid, glacial acetic acid

When undiluted, E 260 is sometimes referred to as ‘glacial’, meaning water-free, and is the main component of vinegar apart from water, therefore is known for it’s very distinctive sour taste and smell. 
As E 260’s highly corrosive, acetic acid is commonly used for descaling, pH adjustment and as a counterirritant. 
Available in a variety of strengths and sizes, the most common being 92% and 99.5%.

E 260 is a corrosive, flammable, liquid organic compound with the chemical formula C2H4O2. 
E 260's CAS number is 64-19-7. 
After formic acid, E 260 is the second simplest carboxylic acid. 
The acetyl group, which is derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to the biochemistry of virtually all life forms.

Production of E 260:
E 260 is produced naturally when excreted by certain bacteria such as Acetobacter genus and Clostridium acetobutylicum. 
These bacteria are found in foodstuffs, water, and soil. 
E 260 is also produced naturally when fruits and other foods spoil.

Industrially, E 260 is produced both synthetically and by bacterial fermentation. 
Approximately 75% of acetic acid used in the chemical industry is made by the carbonylation of methanol. 
The biologic method accounts for only 10% of world production, but is important for the manufacture of vinegar because many food purity laws require vinegar used in food to be of biological origin.

Most E 260 is made by methanol carbonylation, where methanol and carbon monoxide react to produce acetic acid. 
The compound is miscible with ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, and benzene, and is soluble in carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulfide.

E 260 (glacial acetic acid, ethanoic acid, methane carboxylic acid, acetic acid) is a weak, colorless, caustic, and flammable acid which has a sour taste and a strong smell. 
E 260 is one of the simplest carboxylic acids. 
E 260 is a weak acid, in that it is only a partially dissociated acid in an aqueous solution. 
Pure acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) is a colorless liquid, very corrosive

The acid most commonly associated with vinegar. 
E 260 is a two-carbon carboxylic acid. 
E 260's formula is: CH3COOH. 
E 260 is the most commercially important organic acid and is used in the manufacture of a broad range of chemical products, such as plastics and insecticides.

E 260 is a product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. 
E 260 is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent.
E 260 otic (for the ear) is an antibiotic that treats infections caused by bacteria or fungus.

E 260 is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. 
E 260 is one of the simplest carboxylic acids and has the chemical formula CH3COOH.

This acid is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical useful for the production of various synthetic fibers and other polymeric materials. 
These polymers include polyethylene terephthalate, used mainly in soft drink bottles; cellulose acetate, used mainly for photographic film; and polyvinyl acetate, for wood glue. 
In households, diluted acetic acid is often used in descaling agents. 
The food industry uses it (under the food additive code E260) as an acidity regulator.

Nomenclature of E 260:
The trivial name E 260 is the most commonly used and officially preferred name by the IUPAC. 
This name derives from acetum, the Latin word for vinegar. 
The synonym ethanoic acid is a systematic name that is sometimes used in introductions to chemical nomenclature.

Glacial acetic acid is a trivial name for water-free acetic acid. 
Similar to the German name Eisessig (literally, ice-vinegar), the name comes from the ice-like crystals that form slightly below room temperature at 16.7°C (about 62°F).

The most common and official abbreviation for acetic acid is AcOH or HOAc where Ac stands for the acetyl group CH3−C(=O)−;. 
In the context of acid-base reactions the abbreviation HAc is often used where Ac instead stands for the acetate anion (CH3COO−), although this use is regarded by many as misleading. 
In either case, the Ac is not to be confused with the abbreviation for the chemical element actinium.

E 260 has the empirical formula CH2O and the molecular formula C2H4O2. 
The latter is often written as CH3-COOH, CH3COOH, or CH3CO2H to better reflect its structure. 
The ion resulting from loss of H+ from acetic acid is the acetate anion. 
The name acetate can also refer to a salt containing this anion or an ester of acetic acid.

Vinegar is as old as civilization itself, perhaps older. 
Acetic acid-producing bacteria are present throughout the world, and any culture practicing the brewing of beer or wine inevitably discovered vinegar as the natural result of these alcoholic beverages being exposed to air.

The use of E 260 in chemistry extends into antiquity. 
In the 3rd century BC, the Greek philosopher Theophrastos described how vinegar acted on metals to produce pigments useful in art, including white lead ( lead carbonate) and verdigris, a green mixture of copper salts including copper(II) acetate. 
Ancient Romans boiled soured wine in lead pots to produce a highly sweet syrup called sapa. 
Sapa was rich in lead acetate, a sweet substance also called sugar of lead or sugar of Saturn, which contributed to lead poisoning among the Roman aristocracy. 
The 8th century Persian alchemist Jabir Ibn Hayyan (Geber) concentrated acetic acid from vinegar through distillation.

In the Renaissance, glacial acetic acid was prepared through the dry distillation of metal acetates. 
The 16th century German alchemist Andreas Libavius described such a procedure, and he compared the glacial acetic acid produced by this means to vinegar. 
The presence of water in vinegar has such a profound effect on acetic acid's properties that for centuries many chemists believed that glacial acetic acid and the acid found in vinegar were two different substances. 
The French chemist Pierre Adet proved them to be identical.

In 1847 the German chemist Hermann Kolbe synthesised acetic acid from inorganic materials for the first time. 
This reaction sequence consisted of chlorination of carbon disulfide to carbon tetrachloride, followed by pyrolysis to tetrachloroethylene and aqueous chlorination to trichloroacetic acid, and concluded with electrolytic reduction to acetic acid.

By 1910 most glacial acetic acid was obtained from the "pyroligneous liquor" from distillation of wood. 
The acetic acid was isolated from this by treatment with milk of lime, and the resultant calcium acetate was then acidified with sulfuric acid to recover acetic acid. 
At this time Germany was producing 10,000 tons of glacial acetic acid, around 30% of which was used for the manufacture of indigo dye.

Chemical properties:
Acidity:
The hydrogen (H) atom in the carboxyl group (−COOH) in carboxylic acids such as E 260 can be given off as an H+ ion (proton), giving them their acidic character. 
E 260 is a weak, effectively monoprotic acid in aqueous solution, with a pKa value of 4.8. A 1.0 M solution (about the concentration of domestic vinegar) has a pH of 2.4, indicating that merely 0.4% of the acetic acid molecules are dissociated.

Solvent:
Liquid E 260 is a hydrophilic ( polar) protic solvent, similar to ethanol and water. 
With a moderate dielectric constant of 6.2, it can dissolve not only polar compounds such as inorganic salts and sugars, but also non-polar compounds such as oils and elements such as sulfur and iodine. 
E 260 readily mixes with many other polar and non-polar solvents such as water, chloroform, and hexane. 
This dissolving property and miscibility of acetic acid makes it a widely used industrial chemical.

Chemical reactions of E 260:
E 260 is corrosive to many metals including iron, magnesium, and zinc, forming hydrogen gas and metal salts called acetates. 
Aluminium, when exposed to oxygen, forms a thin layer of aluminium oxide on its surface which is relatively resistant, so that aluminium tanks can be used to transport E 260. 
Metal acetates can also be prepared from E 260 and an appropriate base, as in the popular " baking soda + vinegar" reaction. 
With the notable exception of chromium(II) acetate, almost all acetates are soluble in water.

Mg( s) + 2 CH3COOH( aq) → (CH3COO)2Mg(aq) + H2(g)
NaHCO3(s) + CH3COOH(aq) → CH3COONa(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O( l)
Two typical organic reactions of acetic acid

E 260 undergoes the typical chemical reactions of a carboxylic acid, notably the formation of ethanol by reduction, and formation of derivatives such as acetyl chloride via nucleophilic acyl substitution. 
Other substitution derivatives include acetic anhydride; this anhydride is produced by loss of water from two molecules of acetic acid. 
Esters of acetic acid can likewise be formed via Fischer esterification, and amides can also be formed. 
When heated above 440 °C, acetic acid decomposes to produce carbon dioxide and methane, or to produce ketene and water.

Biochemistry:
The acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to the biochemistry of virtually all forms of life. 
When bound to coenzyme A it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. 
However, the concentration of free acetic acid in cells is kept at a low level to avoid disrupting the control of the pH of the cell contents. 
Unlike some longer-chain carboxylic acids (the fatty acids), acetic acid does not occur in natural triglycerides. 
However, the artificial triglyceride triacetin (glycerin triacetate) is a common food additive, and is found in cosmetics and topical medicines.

E 260 is produced and excreted by certain bacteria, notably the Acetobacter genus and Clostridium acetobutylicum. 
These bacteria are found universally in foodstuffs, water, and soil, and acetic acid is produced naturally as fruits and some other foods spoil. 
E 260 is also a component of the vaginal lubrication of humans and other primates, where it appears to serve as a mild antibacterial agent.

E 260 is produced both synthetically and by bacterial fermentation. 
Today, the biological route accounts for only about 10% of world production, but it remains important for vinegar production, as many of the world food purity laws stipulate that vinegar used in foods must be of biological origin. 
About 75% of E 260 made for use in the chemical industry is made by methanol carbonylation, explained below. 
Alternative methods account for the rest.

Methanol carbonylation:
Most virgin acetic acid is produced by methanol carbonylation. 
In this process, methanol and carbon monoxide react to produce acetic acid according to the chemical equation:
CH3OH + CO → CH3COOH
The process involves iodomethane as an intermediate, and occurs in three steps. 

A catalyst, usually a metal complex, is needed for the carbonylation (step 2).
(1) CH3OH + HI → CH3I + H2O
(2) CH3I + CO → CH3COI
(3) CH3COI + H2O → CH3COOH + HI

Acetaldehyde oxidation:
Prior to the commercialisation of the Monsanto process, most E 260 was produced by oxidation of acetaldehyde. 
This remains the second most important manufacturing method, although it is uncompetitive with methanol carbonylation. 
The acetaldehyde may be produced via oxidation of butane or light naphtha, or by hydration of ethylene.

Typically, the reaction is run at a combination of temperature and pressure designed to be as hot as possible while still keeping the butane a liquid. 
Typical reaction conditions are 150 °C and 55 atm. 
Several side products may also form, including butanone, ethyl acetate, formic acid, and propionic acid. 
These side products are also commercially valuable, and the reaction conditions may be altered to produce more of them if this is economically useful. 
However, the separation of acetic acid from these by-products adds to the cost of the process.

Using modern catalysts, this reaction can have an acetic acid yield greater than 95%. 
The major side products are ethyl acetate, formic acid, and formaldehyde, all of which have lower boiling points than acetic acid and are readily separated by distillation.

For most of human history, acetic acid, in the form of vinegar, has been made by bacteria of the genus Acetobacter. 
Given sufficient oxygen, these bacteria can produce vinegar from a variety of alcoholic foodstuffs. 
Commonly used feeds include apple cider, wine, and fermented grain, malt, rice, or potato mashes. 

A dilute alcohol solution inoculated with Acetobacter and kept in a warm, airy place will become vinegar over the course of a few months. 
Industrial vinegar-making methods accelerate this process by improving the supply of oxygen to the bacteria.

The first batches of vinegar produced by fermentation probably followed errors in the winemaking process. 
If must is fermented at too high a temperature, acetobacter will overwhelm the yeast naturally occurring on the grapes. 
As the demand for vinegar for culinary, medical, and sanitary purposes increased, vintners quickly learned to use other organic materials to produce vinegar in the hot summer months before the grapes were ripe and ready for processing into wine. 
This method was slow, however, and not always successful, as the vintners did not understand the process.

One of the first modern commercial processes was the "fast method" or "German method", first practised in Germany in 1823. 
In this process, fermentation takes place in a tower packed with wood shavings or charcoal. 
The alcohol-containing feed is trickled into the top of the tower, and fresh air supplied from the bottom by either natural or forced convection. 
The improved air supply in this process cut the time to prepare vinegar from months to weeks.

Most vinegar today is made in submerged tank culture, first described in 1949 by Otto Hromatka and Heinrich Ebner. 
In this method, alcohol is fermented to vinegar in a continuously stirred tank, and oxygen is supplied by bubbling air through the solution. 
Using this method, vinegar of 15% acetic acid can be prepared in only 2–3 days.

Anaerobic fermentation:
Some species of anaerobic bacteria, including several members of the genus Clostridium, can convert sugars to acetic acid directly, without using ethanol as an intermediate. 
The overall chemical reaction conducted by these bacteria may be represented as:
C6H12O6 → 3 CH3COOH

More interestingly from the point of view of an industrial chemist, many of these acetogenic bacteria can produce acetic acid from one-carbon compounds, including methanol, carbon monoxide, or a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen:
2 CO2 + 4 H2 → CH3COOH + 2 H2O

This ability of Clostridium to utilise sugars directly, or to produce acetic acid from less costly inputs, means that these bacteria could potentially produce acetic acid more efficiently than ethanol-oxidisers like Acetobacter. 
However, Clostridium bacteria are less acid-tolerant than Acetobacter. 
Even the most acid-tolerant Clostridium strains can produce vinegar of only a few per cent acetic acid, compared to some Acetobacter strains that can produce vinegar of up to 20% acetic acid. 
At present, it remains more cost-effective to produce vinegar using Acetobacter than to produce it using Clostridium and then concentrating it. 
As a result, although acetogenic bacteria have been known since 1940, their industrial use remains confined to a few niche applications.

Vinyl acetate monomer:
The major use of acetic acid is for the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM). 
This application consumes approximately 40% to 45% of the world's production of acetic acid. 
The reaction is of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen over a palladium catalyst.
2 H3C-COOH + 2 C2H4 + O2 → 2 H3C-CO-O-CH=CH2 + 2 H2O
Vinyl acetate can be polymerised to polyvinyl acetate or to other polymers, which are applied in paints and adhesives.

Acetic anhydride:
The condensation product of two molecules of acetic acid is acetic anhydride. 
The worldwide production of acetic anhydride is a major application, and uses approximately 25% to 30% of the global production of acetic acid. 
Acetic anhydride may be produced directly by methanol carbonylation bypassing the acid, and Cativa plants can be adapted for anhydride production.

Acetic anhydride is a strong acetylation agent. 
As such, E 260s major application is for cellulose acetate, a synthetic textile also used for photographic film. 
Acetic anhydride is also a reagent for the production of aspirin, heroin, and other compounds.

Vinegar:
In the form of vinegar, acetic acid solutions (typically 5% to 18% acetic acid, with the percentage usually calculated by mass) are used directly as a condiment, and also in the pickling of vegetables and other foodstuffs. 
Table vinegar tends to be more dilute (5% to 8% acetic acid), while commercial food pickling generally employs more concentrated solutions. 
The amount of acetic acid used as vinegar on a worldwide scale is not large, but historically, this is by far the oldest and most well-known application.

Use as solvent:
Glacial acetic acid is an excellent polar protic solvent, as noted above.
E 260 is frequently used as a solvent for recrystallisation to purify organic compounds. 
Pure molten E 260 is used as a solvent in the production of terephthalic acid (TPA), the raw material for polyethylene terephthalate (PET). 
Although currently accounting for 5%–10% of acetic acid use worldwide, this specific application is expected to grow significantly in the next decade, as PET production increases.

E 260 is often used as a solvent for reactions involving carbocations, such as Friedel-Crafts alkylation. 
For example, one stage in the commercial manufacture of synthetic camphor involves a Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement of camphene to isobornyl acetate; here acetic acid acts both as a solvent and as a nucleophile to trap the rearranged carbocation. 
E 260 is the solvent of choice when reducing an aryl nitro-group to an aniline using palladium-on-carbon.

E 260 is used in analytical chemistry for the estimation of weakly alkaline substances such as organic amides. 
E 260 is a much weaker base than water, so the amide behaves as a strong base in this medium. 
E 260 then can be titrated using a solution in glacial acetic acid of a very strong acid, such as perchloric acid.

Other applications of E 260:
Dilute solutions of acetic acids are also used for their mild acidity. 
Examples in the household environment include the use in a stop bath during the development of photographic films, and in descaling agents to remove limescale from taps and kettles. 
The acidity is also used for treating the sting of the box jellyfish by disabling the stinging cells of the jellyfish, preventing serious injury or death if applied immediately, and for treating outer ear infections in people in preparations such as Vosol. 
Equivalently, acetic acid is used as a spray-on preservative for livestock silage, to discourage bacterial and fungal growth.

Several organic or inorganic salts are produced from acetic acid, including:
Sodium acetate—used in the textile industry and as a food preservative ( E262).
Copper(II) acetate—used as a pigment and a fungicide.
Aluminium acetate and iron(II) acetate—used as mordants for dyes.
Palladium(II) acetate—used as a catalyst for organic coupling reactions such as the Heck reaction.

Substituted acetic acids produced include:
Monochloroacetic acid (MCA), dichloroacetic acid (considered a by-product), and trichloroacetic acid. MCA is used in the manufacture of indigo dye.
Bromoacetic acid, which is esterified to produce the reagent ethyl bromoacetate.
Trifluoroacetic acid, which is a common reagent in organic synthesis.
Amounts of acetic acid used in these other applications together (apart from TPA) account for another 5%–10% of acetic acid use worldwide. 
These applications are, however, not expected to grow as much as TPA production.

As a solvent, liquid acetic acid dissolves polar (hydrophilic) compounds such as salts and sugars and non-polar compounds which include fats and oils. 
This means it has many uses in industrial chemical production but has also gained a reputation as a weight-loss supplement as it affects fat and sugar metabolism. 
More information pertaining to acetic acid uses will be discussed later on in this article. 
In crystalline form, two acetic acid molecules join together with hydrogen bonds to form a dimer. 
When water is added, these bonds are broken and the crystalline form dissolves.

E 260 Formula:
The E 260 formula is a simple one and the result of a methyl group and a carboxyl group. 
Methyl groups are one of the most common organic compounds on the planet but are rarely found as single entities. 
They are composed of three hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom (CH3). 
As carbon has four electrons, the free electron usually bonds with other molecules by way of a covalent bond. 
The simplest carbon molecule is methane (CH4), well known for its contribution to global warming. 
With a free electron, methane reacts with ozone (O3) to produce carbon dioxide and water in the following reaction: (3)CH4 + (4)O3 = (3)CO2 + (6)H2O. 

In the case of acetic acid, the free electron binds with a carboxyl group (CO2H, -COOH or -C(=O)OH) which is a single carbon atom bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH) and double-bonded to an oxygen atom. 
The below image shows a carboxyl group where R represents the rest of the molecule to which the carboxyl group is attached; the letter R is sometimes replaced by a wiggly line. 
In the case of acetic acid, the R represents the methyl group. 
Some prefer to describe the carboxyl group as a combination of a carbonyl group (C=0, where = indicates the double bond) and a hydroxyl group (O-H). 
Carboxylic acids are found in amino acids and essential to every living organism.

There is a general molecular formula for all carboxylic acids, namely CnH2n+1COOH. 
This means that every carboxylic acid features twice as many hydrogen atoms as carbon atoms once the carboxyl group is removed; a formula that fits in perfectly with that of acetic acid – C2H4O2. 
When you remove the carboxyl group from this acetic acid formula, you are left with one carbon and two hydrogen atoms.

The molar mass of acetic acid is 60.052 grams per mole (g/mol). 
Molar mass is the total mass of an element or compound (atomic mass) measured in atomic mass units or ‘amu’, divided by its amount in moles (mol). 
A single mole is based upon the Avogadro number 6.02214076×1023 as this number means that comparison between moles and Daltons, another scientific unit of atomic mass, is simpler.

E 260 is a solution of acetic acid in a very small amount of water – less that 1%. 
The word glacial refers to its crystal-like solid form at room temperature. 
Another name for glacial acetic acid is anhydrous acetic acid. 
This form is a weak acid but a corrosive poison, causing blistering and burns. 
As there is very little water with which to dissociate, glacial acetic acid will pass on its protons to the water in the skin or mucous membranes.

Finding the right buffer agent for an acid such as acetic acid requires knowledge of the pH, Ka or pKa of the acid. 
The pH, Ka and pKa are all related to one another. 
Acetic acid has a Ka of 1.8 x 10-5 or an easier to calculate pKa value of 4.756. 
The pH measures the number of hydrogen ions (H+) in any solution that contains water and ranges from 0 (acidic) to 14 (base). 
The lower the pH, the higher the concentration of hydrogen ions. 
The Ka and pKa relate to acids and relate to the acid dissociation constant which shows how likely the acid is to give up its protons.
A high Ka tells us that an acid is strong and will react to any chemical added to it. 
The pKa is the opposite – the smaller the number, the stronger the acid. 
This is because the pKa is a negative logarithm of the Ka.

However, concentrated acetic acid can have a lower pH than a strong acid. 
Thanks to the pKa which is a constant value, we can make calculations without having to think about concentrations. 
The pKa of acetic acid is 4.756 and this tells us how likely it is to give up its protons in a solution. 
Bases are measured according to how likely they are to remove protons from a solution.

The boiling point of acetic acid is between 244 and 246°F (118 and 119°C) and its melting point lies between 61 and 62°F (16 and 17°C) or just under room temperature. 
E 260’s density is 1.049 g cm−3 in a liquid state, and 1.27 g cm−3 in a solid state.

The most commonly recognized form of acetic acid is vinegar which contains 5-20% acetic acid. 
How great the dilution is (and therefore the acid’s strength) is referred to as its grain strength. 
You can easily calculate this by multiplying the concentration by 10. 
Vinegar containing 5% acetic acid will have a grain strength of 50.

Uses of E 260:
E 260 uses are many and varied. 
E 260 is used in goods manufacturing, in food processing, in the cleaning industry, in medicine, and as a health supplement. 
E 260 is also a biochemical essential in acetyl group form where it is fundamental to the construction of amino acids and therefore impossible to exist without. 

E 260 is an important chemical reagent used to produce acetate, adhesives, glues, and synthetic fabrics. 
E 260 is also used in electroplating where a metal coating is deposited onto an object by placing it in a solution that contains a specific metal salt. 
The solution needs to be conductive and acids that donate hydrogen ions create ideal conditions.
Furthermore, electroplating can only occur within a solution and metal salts only dissolve in solutions with a low (acidic) pH value.

E 260 is a raw material used for the production of cellulose acetate, acetic anhydride (plastics) and chloroacetic acid used in the production of dyes and pesticides as well as certain drugs.

E 260 in Food Processing:
E 260 used in food processing to regulate the acidity or alkalinity levels of foods. 
The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) categorizes acetic acid as a general-purpose food additive which is safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practices. 
In Europe, E-number regulations apply to all food additives. 
Acetic acid has been given code E260 and is considered a safe ingredient that controls bacterial colonization and can be used without limitation. 
This is not a new finding. 
E 260 is said that the ancient Babylonians used vinegar as a food preservative.
E 260 is used to produce salad dressings, condiments that include mustard, ketchup, and mayonnaise, and in sauces and pickles.

E 260 for Cleaning:
E 260 has been used as a cleaning product and deodorizer for centuries if not millennia; sponges of vinegar were placed in expensive filigree rings worn by the rich whenever they stepped through filthy and stinking eighteenth-century streets. 
The deodorizing properties of vinegar have also been taken advantage of for generations. 
Sailors used vinegar to scrub the decks of the ships they worked and lived on. 
The principles of microbial control may not have been understood at the time but the fresh-smelling, clean and illness-preventing characteristics of this organic solution were definitely well known.

Adding an alkaline product to acid causes a bubbling, fizzing reaction. 
Some traditional cleaners believe this effect produces a deeper clean to stable surfaces. 
For example, scrubbing the back yard with alkaline caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) and then using a vinegar mix on top of this will set off a reaction that certainly looks as if it has a deep-cleaning action; however, this does very little to increase the hygienic effect but rather buffers or works against the alkaline cleaning power of the caustic soda with the acidic properties of vinegar.

Today, many dedicated fans of white vinegar advertise the ecological benefits of using diluted acetic acid to clean bathrooms, wash clothes, remove odors, and make food preparation surfaces both clean and safe. 
E 260 also removes rust and lime scale deposits.

E 260 in Medicine:
E 260 or vinegar has probably been used in medicine since before the written word. 
Should you have suffered from an open wound on the island of Kos in the fourth century before Christ, you may have been prescribed a daily vinegar wash by Hippocrates. 
If you had a sore throat, he might also have asked you to mix honey and vinegar to make Oxymel, an ancient Greek cough medicine; if you had served in Europe during the First World War, you may only have had access to vinegar keep clean and remain free of infection.

Today, E 260 solutions are used in laboratory blood testing processes as a slide wash. 
They remove bacterial biofilms in wounds and the digestive system, and have often been used for outer ear infections and so avoid the use of antibiotics. 
Ingestion of vinegar increases acetate levels in the colon and promotes calcium uptake with lower blood pressure and higher bone density as a result. 
Studies are looking into the use of acetate as an antitumor medication.

Cleaning Uses of E 260:
Because E 260 kills fungus and microbes, it is great for general disinfecting and combating mold and mildew. 
E 260 can be found in several conventional and green cleaning products, such as mold and mildew cleaners, floor cleaners, window cleaners, surface cleaners, cleaning and dusting sprays, and roof cleaners, in the form of vinegar or as an ingredient by itself.

Other Uses of E 260:
E 260 is used in several industries, such as the chemical (acidifier and neutralizer), agricultural (e.g., herbicide to control weeds), canning (e.g., flavoring for pickles), textile and dye (e.g., nylon production, dye catalyst), food (preservative for livestock grains and hay), cosmetics (bleaching agent), and manufacturing industries (e.g., production of lacquers).
E 260 has been used successfully many times in the past few months, in various treating mixtures and in a number of different applications. 

E 260 has been used as:
-a perforating fluid,
-a retarded acid without viscosity,
-a treatment for removal of carbonate scale in the presence of chromium-plated pump parts,
-a stimulation treatment in the presence of aluminum metal at elevated temperatures,
-a "kill" fluid for wells,
-a weak aqueous solution for carrying surfactants to remove emulsions and water blocks in the presence of water-sensitive clays,
-a first-stage treating fluid ahead of hydrochloric acid for a greater drainage pattern and
-a transitory true gel or emulsion for placement of temporary bridging agents.

Only in recent months has E 260 been widely used as an aid in overcoming many of the problems encountered in well completion, stimulation and reconditioning. 
Even though this acid has been used in the past for well stimulation, factors such as economics, handling and the lack of technical data have limited its uses over the past few years. Acetic acid does not present many of the operational difficulties often associated with the more conventionally used hydrochloric acid. The corrosive action of acetic-acid mixtures can be greatly minimized even at temperatures in excess of 240F. With proper inhibition, acid-pipe contact time can now be extended for days. The mixtures currently being used have not caused electrolytic corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement or stress cracking of metals.

Product description:
E 260 is a raw material used for the production of many downstream products. 

E 260 is useful in: dairy, savory vegetable, savory meat, savory others, fruity red, fruity yellow, fruity tropical, fruity others, sweet others, alcoholics.

Grades of acetic acid:
-Acetic acid 56%
-Acetic Acid 60%
-Acetic acid 80%
-Acetic acid 99% glacial
-Acetic acid 99% glacial food grade kosher
-Acetic acid 99% glacial USP

E 260 Formula and Characteristics
Acetic or ethanoic acid is a weak carboxylic acid. 
The chief E 260 formula is C2H4O2. 
E 260 formula represents two carbons, four hydrogens and two oxygens. 
Another way of expressing the E 260 formula is CH3COOH. 
This better demonstrates E 260s carboxyl group (-COOH). 
E 260 forms when ethanol is combined with oxygen in the air, yielding ethanoic (acetic) acid and water. 
E 260 is called the oxidation of ethanol.

Ethanoic acid has no color, but E 260 has a sharp, strong odor very much like vinegar. 
Keep in mind this is a flammable chemical, with a flashpoint of 39 degrees Celsius or 104 degrees Fahrenheit. 
E 260's boiling point is 118 degrees Celsius. 
E 260 is designated as a volatile organic compound.

E 260 with chemical formula CH3COOH is a monocarboxylic acid with one “COOH” group. 
E 260’s an anhydrous, clear, colourless liquid having a pungent smell. 
E 260, also known as Ethanoic acid or Methanecarboxylicacid is used in many industrial processes for the manufacture of substrates.

Acidity and Use as a Solvent of  E 260:
E 260 has an acidic character because the hydrogen center in the carboxyl group (-COOH) separates via ionization to release a proton:
CH3CO2H → CH3CO2− + H+

This makes E 260 a monoprotic acid with a pKa value of 4.76 in aqueous solution. 
The concentration of the solution greatly affects the dissociation to form the hydrogen ion and the conjugate base, acetate (CH3COO−). 
At a concentration comparable to that in vinegar (1.0 M), the pH is around 2.4 and only around 0.4 percent of the acetic acid molecules are dissociated. 
However, in very dilute solutions, over 90 percent of the acid dissociates.

E 260 is a versatile acidic solvent. 
As a solvent, E 260 is a hydrophilic protic solvent, much like water or ethanol. 
E 260 dissolves both polar and nonpolar compounds and is miscible in both polar (water) and nonpolar (hexane, chloroform) solvents. 
However, E 260 is not fully miscible with higher alkanes, such as octane.

Importance in Biochemistry:
E 260 ionizes to form acetate at physiological pH. 
The acetyl group is essential to all life. 
E 260 bacteria (e.g., Acetobacter and Clostridium acetobutlicum) produce acetic acid. 
Fruits produce E 260 as they ripen.
In humans and other primates, E 260 is a component of vaginal lubrication, where it acts as an antibacterial agent. 
When the acetyl group binds to coenzyme A, the holoenzyme is used in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates.

Most common E 260 Uses are:
-As a solvent for many industrial processes
-For the manufacture of
-Various dye stuffs and perfumes.
-Rayon fibre
-synthetic fibres and textiles
-inks and dyes
-soft drinks bottles
-rubbers and plactics
-pesticides
-wood glues

CHARACTERISTICS OF E 260:
E 260 is a weak acid.
Glacial Ethanoic acid is very much corrosive to metals.
Boiling point: 118.1 degree Celsius.
Melting point: 16.6 degree Celsius.

E 260 is miscible with water.
Acidity: 4.76 pKa, basicity 9.24 pKb, and viscosity 1.22 mPa s.
Sour in taste and have a pungent smell.
Freezes in its purest form. That is why it is also known as glacial acetic acid.
 
PH AND MOLARITY OF E 260:
Ph of acids is dependent upon molarity and normality of the acid.
So, for 1.0 M or for 1N of acetic acid its pH value will be around 2.4.
Molarity and Normality of Acetic acid are 17.4.

COMMON USES OF E 260:
E 260 is a chemical reagent is widely used for chemical compounds production.
The widespread use of E 260 is in the Vinyl Acetate Monomer production, followed by ester and acetic anhydride production.
E 260 is used as a solvent mainly as a solvent for inks, paints, and coatings.
E 260 is used as a coagulant in manufacturing rubber and is also used in manufacturing many dyestuffs and perfumes.
Food industry: E 260 is used a table vinegar and as a preservative.
Medical industry: E 260 injection is used to treat cancer and is also used in antiseptic creams. 
E 260 is also used in the treatment of otitis externa.

How E 260 is made or production of acetic acid:
Acetic/Ethanoic acid is manufactured in industries through synthetically fermentation and bacterial fermentation. 
Around 75% of E 260 which is made for use in chemical industries is made through methanol carbonylation which is a process in which carbon monoxide along with methanol reacts to produce acetic acid. 
Iodomethane is involved as an intermediate in this process. 

This process appears in three steps:
CH3OH + HI → CH3I + H2O
CH3I + CO → CH3COI
CH3COI + H2O → CH3COOH + HI

E 260 is known to lower blood pressure and control blood sugar. 
In this article “The role of E 260 on glucose uptake and blood flow rates in the skeletal muscle in humans with impaired glucose tolerance” authors have tried to study the impact of acetic acid on the human body.

E 260 is a synthetic carboxylic acid with antibacterial and antifungal properties. 
Although its mechanism of action is not fully known, undissociated E 260 may enhance lipid solubility allowing increased fatty acid accumulation on the cell membrane or in other cell wall structures. 
E 260, as a weak acid, can inhibit carbohydrate metabolism resulting in subsequent death of the organism.

Ethanoic acid (E 260) CH3COOH : Ethanoic acid is most commonly known as acetic acid. 
E 260's dilute solution in water (5-8%) is known as vinegar, which is used for preserving food-sausage, pickles etc.

Physical properties of E 260:
(i)   E 260 is vinegar smelling liquid. The lower carboxylic acids are liquids whereas higher ones are solids.
(ii)  E 260 is sour in taste. Other lower carboxylic acids are also sour in taste.
(iii) E 260 has boiling point 391 K. Carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than corresponding alcohols, aldehydes and ketones.
(iv) E 260 is soluble in water, i.e., it is miscible with water in all proportions. The lower carboxylic acids are soluble in water but solubility in water decreases with increase in molecular weight.
(v)  E 260 freezes at 290 K. Thus, in cold weather crystallization of acetic acid may take place that is why pure acetic acid is called glacial acetic acid.

E 260 is a simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. 
E 260 has a role as a protic solvent, a food acidity regulator, an antimicrobial food preservative and a Daphnia magna metabolite. 
E 260 is a conjugate acid of an acetate.

E 260, glacial appears as a clear colorless liquid with a strong odor of vinegar. 
Flash point 104°F. 
Density 8.8 lb / gal. 
Corrosive to metals and tissue. 
E 260 is used to make other chemicals, as a food additive, and in petroleum production.

E 260 (CH3COOH), also called ethanoic acid, the most important of the carboxylic acids. 
A dilute (approximately 5 percent by volume) solution of E 260 produced by fermentation and oxidation of natural carbohydrates is called vinegar; a salt, ester, or acylal of acetic acid is called acetate. 
Industrially, E 260 is used in the preparation of metal acetates, used in some printing processes; vinyl acetate, employed in the production of plastics; cellulose acetate, used in making photographic films and textiles; and volatile organic esters (such as ethyl and butyl acetates), widely used as solvents for resins, paints, and lacquers. 
Biologically, E 260 is an important metabolic intermediate, and it occurs naturally in body fluids and in plant juices.
E 260 can prevent the precipitation of iron(III) at high acetic acid concentrations at low temperatures.

Uses & Benefits of E 260:
One of the most common ways consumers may come into contact with acetic acid is in the form of household vinegar, which is naturally made from fermentable sources such as wine, potatoes, apples, grapes, berries and grains. 
E 260 is a clear solution generally containing about 5 percent acetic acid and 95 percent water.  
E 260 is used as a food ingredient and can also be an ingredient in personal care products, household cleaners, pet shampoos and many other products for the home:

Food Preparation: E 260 is a common food ingredient, often used as a brine in pickling liquids, vinaigrettes, marinades and other salad dressings.  
E 260 also can be used in food preparation to help control Salmonella contamination in meat and poultry products.
Cleaning: E 260 can be used throughout the home as a window cleaner, to clean automatic coffee makers and dishes, as a rinsing agent for dishwashers, and to clean bathroom tile and grout. 
E 260 can also be used to clean food-related tools and equipment because it generally does not leave behind a harmful residue and requires less rinsing.

Gardening: In concentrations of 10 to 20 percent, E 260 can be used as a weed killer on gardens and lawns. 
When used as an herbicide, the E 260 can kill weeds that have emerged from the soil, but does not affect the roots of the weed, so they can regrow.
When E 260 is at 99.5 percent concentration, it is referred to as glacial acetic acid. 
E 260 has a variety of uses, including as a raw material and solvent in the production of other chemical products.  

acetic acid
ethanoic acid
64-19-7
Ethylic acid
Acetic acid, glacial
Glacial acetic acid
Methanecarboxylic acid
Acetic acid glacial
Vinegar acid
Acetasol
Essigsaeure
Acide acetique
Aci-jel
Azijnzuur
Vinegar
Acido acetico
Kyselina octova
Octowy kwas
Pyroligneous acid
HOAc
Azijnzuur [Dutch]
Ethanoic acid monomer
acetyl alcohol
Essigsaeure [German]
ethoic acid
Caswell No. 003
Otic Tridesilon
Octowy kwas [Polish]
Otic Domeboro
Acetic acid (natural)
Acide acetique [French]
Acido acetico [Italian]
Kyselina octova [Czech]
AcOH
Carboxylic acids, C2-3
Acetic acid, water solutions
FEMA No. 2006
FEMA Number 2006
acetic acid-
ethanoate
UN2789
UN2790
MeCOOH
HSDB 40
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 044001
NSC 132953
UNII-Q40Q9N063P
BRN 0506007
CCRIS 5952
AI3-02394
methane carboxylic acid
CH3COOH
CH3-COOH
EINECS 200-580-7
CH3CO2H
MFCD00036152
10.Methanecarboxylic acid
CHEMBL539
68475-71-8
CHEBI:15366
Q40Q9N063P
Ethanoat
Shotgun
Acetic acid, diluted
Acetic acid, of a concentration of more than 10 per cent, by weight, of acetic acid
Acetic acid [JAN]
NSC-132953
NSC-406306
C2:0
Perchloric acid solution
Orlex
Vosol
E 260
E-260
WLN: QV1
Acetic acid solution, not less than 50% but more than 80% acid, by mass [UN2790] [Corrosive]
Acetic acid solution, with more than 10% and less than 50% acid, by mass [UN2790] [Corrosive]
Acetic acid, glacial or acetic acid solution, >80% acid, by mass [UN2789] [Corrosive]
Acetic acid, >=99.7%
Acetic acid, aqueous solution
Acetic acid, 99.5%, pure
Acetic acid, 99+%, extra pure
Aceticum acidum
Acetic acid, 99.6%, for analysis
Acetic acid, 99.8%, for analysis
Acetic acid, 25%, solution in water
Acetic acid, 50%, solution in water
Acetic acid, 99.8%, for biochemistry
Acetic acid, ACS reagent, >=99.7%
ACY
Acetic acid, 80% vol., solution in water
NSC-111201
NSC-112209
NSC-115870
NSC-127175
Acetic acid 0.25% in plastic container
Ethylate
acetic aicd
acetic-acid
Glacial acetate
acetic cid
actic acid
Aceticacidglacial
acetic -acid
Methanecarboxylate
Acetic acid, glacial [USP:JAN]
Nat. Acetic Acid
Acetasol (TN)
Acetic acid, glacial [USAN:JAN]
Acetic Acid Natural
Vinegar (Salt/Mix)
Acetic acid, propionic acid distillate
MeCO2H
Undiluted Acetic Acid
Oxytocin identification
3,3'-(1,4-phenylene)dipropiolic acid
HOOCCH3
PubChem22173
Acetic Acid (Recovered)
Acetic acid LC/MS Grade
Acetic acid, ACS reagent
DSSTox_CID_4394
Acetic Acid Solution, 1N
bmse000191
bmse000817
bmse000857
Otic Domeboro (Salt/Mix)
EC 200-580-7
Acetic acid (JP17/NF)
ACMC-1B1E4
DSSTox_RID_77386
NCIOpen2_000659
NCIOpen2_000682
DSSTox_GSID_24394
Acetic acid, glacial (USP)
Buffer Solution, pH 4.64
4-02-00-00094 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Glacial acetic acid (JP17)
KSC491S8N
UN 2790 (Salt/Mix)
INS No. 260
GTPL1058
INS NO.260
Acetic Acid Glacial HPLC Grade
Acetic acid solution, for HPLC
Acetic acid, analytical standard
Acetic acid, Glacial USP grade
DTXSID5024394
[C]C(O)=O
CTK3J1986
KS-00000XBD
Acetic acid, puriss., >=80%
INS-260
Acetic acid, 99.8%, anhydrous
Acetic acid, AR, >=99.8%
Acetic acid, LR, >=99.5%
Acetic Acid, Glacial Reagent ACS
DTXSID901022438
Acetic acid solution, 1 N, 1 M
Acetic acid, extra pure, 99.8%
Acetic acid, 99.5-100.0%
Acetic acid, Glacial, ACS Reagent
STR00276
ZINC5224164
Acetic acid, puriss., 99-100%
Tox21_301453
Acetic acid, glacial, >=99.85%
ANW-41557
ANW-44008
BDBM50074329
LMFA01010002
NSC132953
NSC406306
STL264240
TCLP extraction fluid 2 (Salt/Mix)
Acetic acid, 1% v/v aqueous solution
Acetic acid, 4% v/v aqueous solution
Acetic acid, 99.7+%, ACS reagent
Acetic acid, Environmental Grade Plus
Acetic acid, for HPLC, >=99.8%
AKOS000268789
Buffer Solution (Acetate), pH 4.01
DB03166
LS-1541
LS-2535
MCULE-8295936189
Sodium acetate, anhydrous or trihydrate
UN 2789
Acetic acid, >=99.5%, FCC, FG
Acetic acid, natural, >=99.5%, FG
Acetic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
CAS-64-19-7
Acetic acid, USP, 99.5-100.5%
NCGC00255303-01
4843-45-2
Acetic acid, 0.1N Standardized Solution
Acetic acid, 1.0N Standardized Solution
Acetic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
...% acto rūgštis (lt)
200–580–7 (it)
Acetic acid (no)
Acid acetic (ro)
acid acetic…% (ro)
Acide acétique (fr)
acide acétique à …% (fr)
acido acetico ... % (it)
Acto rūgštis (lt)
Azijnzuur (nl)
azijnzuur ... % (nl)
Aċidu aċetiku (mt)
Ecetsav (hu)
ecetsav …% (hu)
Eddikesyre (da)
eddikesyre ... % (da)
eddiksyre ... % (no)
Essigsäure (de)
Essigsäure ... % (de)
Etaanhape (äädikhape) …% (et)
Etikkahappo (fi)
Etikkahappo... % (fi)
Etiķskābe (lv)
Kwas octowy (pl)
kwas octowy ... % (pl)
Kyselina octová (cs)
Kyselina octová (sk)
kyselina octová ... % (sk)
Ocetna kislina (sl)
ocetna kislina...% (sl)
Octena kiselina (hr)
octena kiselina ... % (hr)
octová kyselina ...% (cs)
Ácido acético (es)
Ácido acético (pt)
ácido acético ... % (es)
ácido acético ... % (pt)
Ättiksyra (sv)
ättiksyra ... % (sv)
Äädikhape (et)
Οξικό οξύ (el)
οξικό οξύ ... % (el)
Оцетна киселина (bg)
оцетна киселина.. % (bg)
CH3CO2H [Formula]
CH3COOH [Formula]
Essigsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Ethanoic acid
etikkahappo [Finnish]
Glacial acetic acid
HOAc [Formula]
kwas octowy [Polish]
Kyselina octova [Czech]
MFCD00036152 [MDL number]
MFCD00198163 [MDL number]
QV1 [WLN]
109945-04-2 [RN]
1112-02-3 [RN]
120416-14-0 [RN]
147416-04-4 [RN]
149748-09-4 [RN]
159037-04-4 [RN]
2-Mercapto-5-chlor-benzoxazol-7-sulfonsure, Kaliumsalz
55511-07-4 [RN]
AA
Acetic acid (glacial) 100%
Acetic acid 1 mol/L
Acetic acid 100%
Acetic acid 1000 µg/mL in Acetonitrile
Acetic acid 30%
Acetic acid 96%
Acetic acid 99-100%
Acetic Acid Glacial HPLC Grade
Acetic acid LC/MS Grade
Acetic acid, 0.1N Standardized Solution
Acetic acid, 1% v/v aqueous solution
Acetic acid, 1.0N Standardized Solution
Acetic acid, 4% v/v aqueous solution
Acetic Acid, Glacial 99%
Acetic acid, Glacial USP grade
Acetic Acid, GlenDry, anhydrous
Acetic Acid, GlenPure, analytical grade
Acetic Acid-d4
Acetic-2,2,2-d3 Acid
acetol
Essigsaeure
Ethylic acid
Glacial Acetic
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:15366
MeCO2H [Formula]
MeCOOH [Formula]
Methane carboxylic acid solution, Methylformic acid solution
Methanecarboxylic acid
Methanecarboxylic Acid, Acetic Acid
methyl carboxylic acid
MFCD00036287 [MDL number]
Pyroacetic acid
STR00276
Vinegar