METHYL METHACRYLATE

METHYL METHACRYLATE = MMA

CAS Number: 80-62-6
EC Number: 201-297-1
Hill Formula: C₅H₈O₂
Chemical Formula: CH₂=C(CH₃)COOCH₃
Molar Mass: 100.12 g/mol

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is an organic compound with the formula CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3.
This colorless liquid, the methyl ester of methacrylic acid (MAA), is a monomer produced on a large scale for the production of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a monomer that’s also known as methacrylic acid, methyl ester.
A key building block for acrylic-based polymers, MMA has applications that include safety glazing, exterior paints, vinyl impact modifiers, adhesives, illuminated light displays, and more.

The Basics of Methyl Methacrylate
As previously mentioned, MMA is foundational for many acrylate polymers and is an essential comonomer in paint, coatings, and adhesives resin formulations.
In free radical initiated copolymers, MMA elevates the Tg (glass transition) and contributes durability, strength, transparency, and UV and abrasion resistance.

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) modified alkyds produce resins that, in addition to fast drying, are particularly useful in metal decorating finishes, where fast curing speed, good flow, gloss, durability and fabricating properties are required.
Methyl Methacrylate is mainly used in the production polymethyl methacrylate acrylic plastics (PMMA).

Clear, colorless liquid with a slight acrylic or fruity odor.
Methyl methacrylate comprised of a polymerizable methacrylate functional group on one end and a reactive ester group on the other end.
Methyl methacrylate offers significant advantages as a co-monomer in a wide range of copolymer-based products and is used in molding and extruded resins and extruded sheet (PMMA), in mineral surface composites, and coatings.

Known for Methyl methacrylate excellent transparency and weatherability, as well as Methyl methacrylate easy recyclability, this acrylic resin has attracted a great deal of attention for environmental considerations.
In addition to Methyl methacrylate use as a material in its own right, MMA monomer is also an important constituent of various compound chemical products.

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is an unsaturated ester that has several uses in polymer manufacturing.
Methyl methacrylate is a clear liquid with a characteristic ester odor.

There are several synthetic routes to MMA.
The most widely used are a three-step sequence that begins with acetone and HCN and proceeds through acetone cyanohydrin; and a two-step process that begins with the reaction of ethylene and methanol to produce methyl propionate.

By far the greatest volume of MMA is polymerized to the homopolymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).

MMA is also copolymerized with styrene and butadiene to make an additive to poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) that improves Methyl methacrylate properties.
MMA is also transesterified to make specialty methacrylate monomers.

Methyl Methacrylate also known as MMA, 2-methylmethacrylate, or methyl 2-methyl propenoate is an ester of methacrylic acid with the molecular formula C5H8O2 , CAS: 80-62-6.
Methyl methacrylate is a clear, colourless liquid that has an acrid odour and is not known to occur naturally.

Methyl methacrylate is insoluble in water, but is soluble in most organic solvents.
Methyl methacrylate is volatile and flammable.

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) is a polymerized form of resins or organic materials principally used in the production of polymethyl methacrylate acrylic plastics (PMMA) and methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS).
Methyl methacrylate was also later used as a PVC modifier.

MMA is a volatile, flammable and colorless liquid, and is soluble in warm water.
Methyl methacrylate has an acrid odor.

Depending on the original monomer from which the polymer was built, acrylics come in two categories: acrylates and methacrylates.
In MMA, a methyl group is attached to the carbon-carbon chain of the polymer molecule of a methacrylate, whereas a hydrogen atom is found in the carbon-carbon chain in the acrylate.

The copolymerization of MMA, such as poly(methyl methacrylate), is resistant to saponification, or alkali breakdown.
As a result, Methyl methacrylate is a highly desirable polymer for coating zinc substrates or any surfaces where alkali conditions may arise.
To make a suitable paint from MMA, there needs to be some modification of the copolymer.

Note that the elongation of pure methyl methacrylate is very low for both solvent-borne and waterborne coatings.
Therefore, in waterborne formulations of methyl methacrylate emulsion polymers, one needs to mix large quantities of plasticizers, coalescing solvents, or both to form films at room temperature.
On the other hand, acrylic emulsion polymers must be copolymerized with acrylate monomers for paint formulations.

A reactive acrylic adhesive is manufactured from methyl methacrylate, which cures quickly at room temperature and builds strength rapidly.
Due to Methyl methacrylate excellent resistance to shear, peel, impact stresses and quick cure, Methyl methacrylate is widely used in the structural bonding of advanced materials in the aerospace, automotive and composites industries.

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) refers to an organic compound that contains a methyl ester of methacrylic acid.
Methyl methacrylate chemical formula is C5H8O2.

Methyl methacrylate is a reactive resin and its polymerized form has useful applications, such as:
Adhesives and sealants
Protective coating
Industrial paints
Plastic additives
Polymethyl methacrylate acrylic plastics
Synthetic marble
Bonding cement

Methyl methacrylate provides the following benefits to the finished product:
Stability and durability
Hardness and impact
Scratch resistance and brilliance

Physical Description
Methyl methacrylate monomer appears as a clear colorless liquid.
Slightly soluble in water and floats on water.

Vapors heavier than air.
Vapors irritate the eyes and respiratory system.

Containers must be heavily insulated or shipped under refrigeration.
An inhibitor such as hydroquinone, hydroquinone methyl ester and dimethyl t-butylphenol is added to keep the chemical from initiating polymerization.

The chemical may polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated with strong acid or base.
If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently.
Used to make plastics.

Physical Properties of Methyl methacrylate:
The chemical formula for methyl methacrylate is C5H8O2, and Methyl methacrylate has a molecular weight of 100.1 g/mol.

Methyl methacrylate is a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid that is soluble in warm water.
Methyl methacrylate has an acrid, repulsive odor with an odor threshold of 0.08 parts per million (ppm)(0.3 mg/m ).
The vapor pressure for methyl methacrylate is 29.3 mm Hg at 20 °C, and Methyl methacrylate has a log octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow ) of 0.79.

Production and properties of Methyl methacrylate:
Given the scale of production, many methods have been developed starting from diverse two- to four-carbon precursors.
Two principal routes appear to be commonly practiced.

Cyanohydrin route:
The compound is manufactured by several methods, the principal one being the acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) route.

ACH is produced by condensation of acetone and hydrogen cyanide.
The cyanohydrin is hydrolyzed in the presence of sulfuric acid to a sulfate ester of the methacrylamide.

Methanolysis of this ester gives ammonium bisulfate and MMA.
Although widely used, the ACH route coproduces substantial amounts of ammonium sulfate.

(CH3)2CO + HCN → (CH3)2C(OH)CN
(CH3)2C(OH)CN + H2SO4 → (CH3)2C(OSO3H)C(O)NH2.

In fact the sulfate ester of the amide is initially produced as an adduct with sulfuric acid ((CH3)2C(OSO3H)C(O)NH2. H2SO4), which is removed in a cracking step.
The sulfate ester is then methanolyzed (reacted with methanol):

(CH3)2C(OSO3H)C(O)NH2 + CH3OH → CH2 =C(CH3)C(O)OCH3 + NH4HSO4

As indicated in the last reaction, each kilogram of methyl methacrylate produced yields roughly 1.1 kg of ammonium hydrogen sulfate.
Disposal of this salt is energy intensive.
This technology affords more than 3 billion kilograms per year.

The economics of the ACH route have been heavily optimized.

Methyl propionate routes:
The first stage involves carboalkoxylation of ethylene to produce methyl propionate (MeP):
C2H4 + CO + CH3OH → CH3CH2CO2CH3

The MeP synthesis is conducted in a continuous-stirred tank reactor at moderate temperature and pressure using proprietary agitation and gas-liquid mixing arrangement.

In a second set of reactions, MeP is condensed with formaldehyde in a single heterogeneous reaction step to form MMA:
CH3CH2CO2CH3 + CH2O → CH3(CH2)CCO2CH3 + H2O

The reaction of MeP and formaldehyde takes place over a fixed bed of catalyst.
This catalyst, caesium oxide on silica, achieves good selectivity to MMA from MeP.

The formation of a small amount of heavy, relatively involatile compounds poisons the catalyst.
The coke is easily removed and catalyst activity and selectivity restored by controlled, in-situ regeneration.

The reactor product stream is separated in a primary distillation so that a crude MMA product stream, free from water, MeP and formaldehyde, is produced.
Unreacted MeP and water are recycled via the formaldehyde dehydration process.

MMA (>99.9%) is purified by vacuum distillations.
The separated streams are returned to the process; there being only a small heavy ester purge stream, which is disposed of in a thermal oxidizer with heat recovered for use in the process.

In 2008, Lucite International commissioned an Alpha MMA plant on Jurong Island in Singapore.
This process plant was cheaper to build and run than conventional systems, produces virtually no waste and the feedstocks can even be made from biomass.

Other routes to Methyl methacrylate:

Via propionaldehyde:
Ethylene is first hydroformylated to give propanal, which is then condensed with formaldehyde to produce methacrolein, The condensation is catalyzed by a secondary amine.

Air oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid completes the synthesis of the acid:
CH3CH2CHO + HCHO → CH2=C(CH3)CHO + H2O
CH2=C(CH3)CHO + 1⁄2 O2 → CH2=C(CH3)CO2H

From isobutyric acid:
As developed by Atochem and Röhm, isobutyric acid is produced by hydrocarboxylation of propene, using HF as a catalyst:
CH2=CHCH3 + CO + H2O → (CH3)2CHCO2H

Oxidative dehydrogenation of the isobutyric acid yields methacrylic acid.
Metal oxides catalyse this process:
(CH3)2CHCO2H + O → CH2=C(CH3)CO2H + H2O

Methyl acetylene (propyne) process:
Using Reppe chemistry, methyl acetylene is converted to Methyl methacrylate.
As developed by Shell, this process produces MMA in one step reaction with 99% yield with a catalyst derived from palladium acetate, phosphine ligands, and Bronsted acids as catalyst:
CH≡CCH3 + CO + CH3OH → CH2=C(CH3)CO2CH3

Isobutylene routes:
The reactions by the direct oxidation method consist of two-step oxidation of isobutylene or TBA with air to produce methacrylic acid and esterification by methanol to produce MMA.

CH2=C(CH3)2 (or (CH3)3C–OH) + O2 → CH2=C(CH3)–CHO + H2O
CH2=C(CH3)CHO + 1⁄2 O2 → CH2=C(CH3)CO2H
CH2=C(CH3)CO2H + CH3OH → CH2=C(CH3)CO2CH3 + H2O

A process using isobutylene as a raw material has been commercialized by Escambia Co.
Isobutylene is oxidized to provide α-hydroxy isobutyric acid.

The conversion uses N2O4 and nitric acid at 5–10 °C in the liquid phase.
After esterification and dehydration MMA is obtained.

Challenges with this route, aside from yield, involve the handling of large amounts of nitric acid and NOx.
This method was discontinued in 1965 after an explosion at an operation plant.

Methacrylonitrile (MAN) process:
MAN can be produced by ammoxidation from isobutylene:
(CH3)2C=CH2 + NH3 + 3⁄2 O2 → CH2=C(CH3)CN + 3 H2O

This step is analogous to the industrial route to acrylonitrile, a related commodity chemical.
MAN can be hydrated by sulfuric acid to methacrylamide:
CH2=C(CH3)CN + H2SO4 + H2O → CH2=C(CH3)–CONH2·H2SO4
CH2=C(CH3)–CONH2·H2SO4 + CH3OH → CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3 + NH4HSO4

Mitsubishi Gas Chemicals proposed that MAN can be hydrated to methacrylamide without using sulfuric acid and is then esterified to obtain MMA by methylformate.

CH2=C(CH3)CN + H2O → CH2=C(CH3)–CONH2
CH2=C(CH3)–CONH2 + HCOOCH3 → CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3 + HCONH2
HCONH2 → NH3 + CO

Esterification of methacrolein:
Asahi Chemical developed a process based on direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein, which does not produce by-products such as ammonium bisulfate.

The raw material is tert-butanol, as in the direct oxidation method.
In the first step, methacrolein is produced in the same way as in the direct oxidation process by gas phase catalytic oxidation, is simultaneously oxidized and is esterified in liquid methanol to get MMA directly.

CH2=C(CH3)–CHO + CH3OH + 1⁄2 O2 → CH2=C(CH3)–COOCH3 + H2O

The main route of MMA production is by reacting hydrogen cyanide with acetone to form acetone cyanohydrin.
Acetone cyanohydrin is then reacted with concentrated sulphuric acid to produce methacrylate sulfate.
This is then reacted with methanol and water to form methyl methacrylate.

During production a highly toxic hydrogen cyanide liquid is produced.
Methyl methacrylate is supplied with an inhibitor as autopolymerisation can occur, especially in light.
Methyl methacrylate has a specific gravity of 0.939 and Methyl methacrylate highly flammable with a flash point of 10°C.

Polymerization of Methyl methacrylate:
May polymerize if subjected to heat, polymerization catalysts (eg, azoisobutyronitrile, dibenzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, propionaldehyde), strong oxidizers, or ultraviolet light.

The monomer tends to self-polymerize and this may become explosive.
Exposure of the purified (unstabilized) monomer to air at room temp for 2 months generated an ester-oxygen interpolymer, which exploded on evaporation of the surplus monomer at 60 °C (but not at 40 °C).

If the material becomes contaminated or the chilled material warms up, Methyl methacrylate may polymerize.
If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container is subject to violent rupture.

If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container is subject to violent rupture.
This substance readily polymerizes to a clear plastic known variously as Lucite, Plexiglas and Perspex.

Methyl methacrylate, and in general the methacrylic esters, polymerize much less readily than the corresponding ordinary acrylates.
Nonetheless, they are stabilized by adding hydroquinone or pyrogallol, particularly in the presence of metallic copper.

Methyl methacrylate and other short chain alkyl-methacrylate esters are initially hydrolyzed by non-specific carboxylesterases to methacrylic acid and the structurally corresponding alcohol in several tissues.
Methacrylic acid and the corresponding alcohol are subsequently cleared predominantly via the liver (valine pathway and the TCA (tricarboxylic acid) cycle, respectively).

The carboxylesterases are a group of non-specific enzymes that are widely distributed throughout the body and are known to show high activity within many tissues and organs, including the liver, blood, GI tract, nasal epithelium and skin.
Those organs and tissues that play an important role and/or contribute substantially to the primary metabolism of the short-chain, volatile, alkyl-methacrylate esters are the tissues at the primary point of exposure, namely the nasal epithelia and the skin, and systemically, the liver and blood.

Hazardous polymerization may occur.
Usually contains inhibitors to prevent polymerization.

Polymerization may be caused by elevated temperature, oxidizers, peroxides, or sunlight.
Uninhibited monomer vapor may form polymer in vents and other confined spaces.

When Methyl methacrylate comes to polymerization, the range of acrylic copolymers that can be used with Methyl methacrylate is extensive.

Monomer feeds can include:
Butyl acrylate.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate.
Methyl methacrylate and other methacrylate esters.
Acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
Styrene.
Butadiene.

The monomer composition selected for copolymers is driven by the desired Tg of the resin, ranging from -30˚C to > 30˚C.
The free-radical reactivity ratios for MMA copolymer systems have been well studied and are available in the literature.

Sources and Potential Exposure of Methyl methacrylate:
Exposure to methyl methacrylate is primarily occupational, through dermal and inhalation routes.

Potential for exposure exists for employees of manufacturers of methyl methacrylate and its polymers, as well as doctors, nurses, dentists, and dental technicians.
Individuals may also be exposed to methyl methacrylate via consumption of contaminated water.

Assessing Personal Exposure of Methyl methacrylate:
No information was located regarding the measurement of personal exposure to methyl methacrylate.

Methods of Manufacturing of Methyl methacrylate:
Oxidation of tert-butyl alcohol to methacrolein and then to methacrylic acid, followed by reaction with methanol.

Acetone cyanohydrin is treated with concentrated sulfuric acid at 100 °C, affording the corresponding methacrylamide sulfate which is esterified with methanol at 90 °C.
After purification, methyl methacrylate (99.8% purity) is obtained in a yield of about 85%.

General Manufacturing Information of Methyl methacrylate:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Acrylic slab manufacturing
Adhesive manufacturing
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting
All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
Computer and electronic product manufacturing
Construction
Golf Club component adhesive
Machinery manufacturing
Mining (except oil and gas) and support activities
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Oil and gas drilling, extraction, and support activities
Paint and coating manufacturing
Paper manufacturing
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
Petrochemical manufacturing
Petroleum lubricating oil and grease manufacturing
Petroleum refineries
Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing
Plastic material and resin manufacturing
Plastics product manufacturing
Printing ink manufacturing
Transportation equipment manufacturing
Wholesale and retail trade

This colorless liquid, the methyl ester of methacrylic acid (MAA), is a monomer produced on a large scale for the production of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA).

KEYWORDS:
80-62-6, 201-297-1, MMA, Methyl 2-methylpropenoate, Methacrylic acid methyl ester, Pegalan, Methyl-methacrylat, Diakon, 2-Propenoic acid 2-methyl- methyl ester, Acryester M

Alkyl mercury compounds have been used as seed disinfectants and for fungicides.
They have also been used in organic synthesis.

Acrylics such as plexiglas and lucite contain methyl methacrylate and peroxide catalysts.
Methyl methacrylate can be liberated if the acrylic material is heated.

Impurities of Methyl methacrylate:
The purity of commercial methyl methacrylate is typically 99.9% (specification, 99.8% min.)
Methyl methacrylate contains traces of acidity as methacrylic acid (0.003% max. specification, 0.005% max.)

Water (0.03% max.; specification, 0.05% max.).
Inhibitors added for storage and transportation are usually 10-50 ppm (specification, 9-55 ppm) methyl ether of hydroquinone and 25-60 ppm hydroquinone, although other phenolic inhibitors, such as dimethyl tert-butyl phenol, can also be used.

Clinical Laboratory Methods of Methyl methacrylate:
Liquid chromatography, liquid scintillation counting, and NMR spectroscopy were used to determine methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid blood levels in vitro.

Gas chromatographic method is described which permits the quantitative determination of monomeric methyl methacrylate (mma) in human blood after bone cement implantations.
The headspace method was applied in order to minimize the proportion of blood components which upset the determination.

The evaluation was from calibration curves with n-butyl acetate as an internal standard.
In case of hip-joint operations, mma concn in the blood of the pt were measured in sample taken immediately after the implantation of the bone cement.
This method permits the elucidations of the connection between serious cardiovascular complications and the uptake of mma by the circulatory system.

Benefits of Methyl methacrylate:
Impact strength
Weather resistance
Crosslinking sites, ester group reacts readily with isocyanate, anhydrides and epoxy resins
Corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance, as well as contribute to low odor, color, and volatility

Applications of Methyl Methacrylate:
Methyl methacrylate monomer readily polymerizes to form high molecular weight homopolymers and copolymers.

The principal use for MMA monomer is to form polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) homopolymer for the production of cast and extruded acrylic sheets.
These cast PMMA sheeting products exhibit good optical clarity, high transparency, and UV stability.

Applications include:
Shatterproof glass replacements.
Safety glazing.
Panels and lighting displays.
Outdoor lighting fixtures.
Plumbing fixtures and components.
Outside of glazing and sheet applications, the largest use for MMA is as a comonomer in paints and coatings, such as exterior paints and paper coatings.

Polymers and copolymers of methyl methacrylate are in:
Metal and foil coatings.
Industrial finishes.
Floor polishes.
Textile finishes.
Adhesives.
Sealants.
Construction materials.
PVC impact modifiers.
Packaging.
Inks.

These polymers are produced as waterborne, solvent, and dispersion resins for these applications.
Methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) resins are used as impact modifiers for clear, rigid PVC, an example of which would be bottles.
In addition, MMA can partially replace styrene monomer in unsaturated polyester resins to give better weather resistance and longer outdoor life.

For products such as signage, displays, bath enclosures, spas and tabletop surfaces, as well as automotive lights and light fixtures, MMA polymerization can be cast into a solid form.

Applications also include engineering adhesives.
These are liquid, reactive, durable adhesives for bonding a variety of substrates, and they consist of MMA monomer with PMMA.
Low-viscosity, rapidly curing MMA reactive resin systems are highly effective for sealing and filling cracks and pores in concrete surfaces and structures.

Other MMA copolymer applications include mining flocculants, soil stabilization polymers, waterproofing agents, and oil field drilling fluids.

Uses of Methyl methacrylate:
The principal application, consuming approximately 75% of the MMA, is the manufacture of polymethyl methacrylate acrylic plastics (PMMA).
Methyl methacrylate is also used for the production of the co-polymer methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS), used as a modifier for PVC.

Another application is as cement used in total hip replacements as well as total knee replacements.
Used as the "grout" by orthopedic surgeons to make the bone inserts fix into bone, Methyl methacrylate greatly reduces post-operative pain from the insertions but has a finite lifespan.

Typically the lifespan of methylmethacrylate as bone cement is 20 years before revision surgery is required.
Cemented implants are usually only done in elderly populations that require more immediate short term replacements.

In younger populations, cementless implants are used because their lifespan is considerably longer.
Also used in fracture repair in small exotic animal species using internal fixation.

MMA is a raw material for the manufacture of other methacrylates.
These derivatives include ethyl methacrylate (EMA), butyl methacrylate (BMA) and 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate (2-EHMA).
Methacrylic acid (MAA) is used as a chemical intermediate as well as in the manufacture of coating polymers, construction chemicals and textile applications.

Wood can be impregnated with Methyl methacrylate and polymerized in situ to produce a stabilized product.

Acrylates and methacrylates are monomers that are combined with other monomers or polymers to produce plastics used in cosmetics, medicine, dentistry, and manufacturing industries.
Used to make Lucite, Plexiglas, paper coatings, latex paints, inks, polishes, dental restorations, adhesive cements, surgical implants, and impregnated concrete.

Methyl methacrylate is used in the manufacture of methacrylate resins and plastics (e.g., Plexiglas).
The principal uses of methyl methacrylate are: cast sheet and other grades (advertising signs and displays, lighting fixtures, glazing and skylights, building panels and sidings, and plumbing and bathroom fixtures),ömolding/extrusion powder, and coatings (latex paints, lacquer, and enamel resins).
Methyl methacrylate is used in the impregnation of concrete to make it water-repellent, and also has uses in the fields of medicine and dentistry to make prosthetic devices and as a ceramic filler or cement.

Methyl methacrylate is an important chemical as it is the monomer for polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymers and copolymers.

MMA is also polymerised to form lubricant viscosity modifiers, dispersions, molding/extrusion powder, and coatings.
These are then utilised in the production of acrylic surface and paper coatings, adhesives, sealants, leather and paper coating, inks, textile finishes, latex paints, and lacquer and enamel resins.
Clear plastics (Plexiglass) and acrylic sheets.

Methyl methacrylate could also be used in the impregnation of concrete as it makes the concrete water repellent.
When Methyl methacrylate is replaced styrene in unsaturated polyester resins it gives better water resistance and a longer life to the final products.

Methyl methacrylate polymers have also medicine and dentistry application.

Arpadis is one of the largest chemical distributor in Europe.
Arpadis is handling the storage, transport, export & import formalities of Methyl Methacrylate globally.

Acrylic Sheet
Paints & Coatings
Plastic Additives
Adhesives

Industry Uses of Methyl methacrylate:
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Functional fluids (closed systems)
Functional fluids (open systems)
Intermediates
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Part of the formulation for preparing acrylic slabs.
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Processing aids, specific to petroleum production
Solids separation agents
Solvents (for cleaning and degreasing)
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Viscosity adjustors

Consumer Uses of Methyl methacrylate:
Adhesives and sealants
Building/construction materials not covered elsewhere
Ink, toner, and colorant products
Lubricants and greases
Paints and coatings
Paper products
Plastic and rubber products not covered elsewhere

Environmental issues and health hazards of Methyl methacrylate:
In terms of the acute toxicity of methyl methacrylate, the LD50 is 7–10 g/kg (oral, rat).
Methyl methacrylate is an irritant to the eyes and can cause redness and pain.

Irritation of the skin, eye, and nasal cavity has been observed in rodents and rabbits exposed to relatively high concentrations of methyl methacrylate.
Methyl methacrylate is a mild skin irritant in humans and has the potential to induce skin sensitization in susceptible individuals.

Safety and Handling of Methyl methacrylate:
Giving proper attention to safety is critical when handling methyl methacrylate for several reasons.

MMA is a flammable, colorless liquid which melts at -48˚C and boils at 101˚C.
While Methyl methacrylate is soluble in the most organic solvents, Methyl methacrylate is insoluble in water.

In addition to being flammable, direct contact with MMA can cause irritation of the eyes, skin, nose, and throat.
Considered a skin sensitizer, methyl methacrylate can produce allergic reactions from contact, in which future exposures can cause itching and a skin rash.

Even more seriously, inhalation of MMA vapor or mist can cause irritation of the nose, throat, and lungs and can be fatal in high concentrations.

Because MMA can violently homo-polymerize and can generate considerable heat and pressure, MMA is only provided in a stabilized form.
To ensure Methyl methacrylate stabilizer can function effectively, Methyl methacrylate important to store MMA under air and replenish the dissolved oxygen.

To obtain a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and other handling information on MMA, please contact us or call us.
At Gantrade Corporation, we encourage our customers to have a comprehensive understanding of the health, safety, environmental, and regulatory information on our products before handling.

Safe Storage of Methyl methacrylate:
Fireproof.
Separated from strong oxidants, strong bases and strong acids.
Cool.
Keep in the dark.
Keep in a well-ventilated room.
Store only if stabilized.

Storage Conditions of Methyl methacrylate:
Before entering confined space where this chemical may be present, check to make sure that an explosive concentration does not exist.

Methyl methacrylate must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers, such as nitrates, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorates, and peroxides; strong alkalis, such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and strong acids, such as nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid, since violent reactions occur.
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well ventilated area away from light, heat, and ionizing radiation, because methyl methacrylate will react and release heat quickly causing an explosion.

Store with an appropriate inhibitor.
Lack of an appropriate inhibitor may cause an explosive reaction.

Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
Keep away from sources of ignition.
Take precautionary measures against static discharges.

Temp during storage must be kept low to minimize formation of peroxides and other oxidation products.
Storage temp below 30 °C are recommended for the polyfunctional methacrylates.

The methacrylate monomers should not be stored for longer than one year.
Shorter storage times are recommended for the aminomethacrylates, ie, three months, and the polyfunctional methacrylates, ie, six months.

Many of these cmpd are sensitive to UV light and should, therefore, be stored in the dark.
The methacrylic esters may be stored in mild steel, stainless steel, or aluminum.

First Aid of Methyl methacrylate:
EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.

IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Methyl methacrylate:
CAUTION: All these products have a very low flash point: Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use straight streams.
Move containers from fire area if you can do Methyl methacrylate without risk.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.
For massive fire, use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles; if this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Fire Fighting Procedures of Methyl methacrylate:
Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or foam extinguishers.
Vapors are heavier than air and will collect in low areas.

Vapors may travel long distances to ignition sources and flashback.
Vapors in confined areas may explode when exposed to fire.

Containers may explode in fire.
Storage containers and parts of containers may rocket great distances, in many directions.

If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.
Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies.

From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers.
If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Solid streams of water may spread fire.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame-consider evacuation of one-half (1/2) mile radius.
If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location, and weather conditions.

Evacuation: If fire becomes uncontrollable or container is exposed to direct flame-consider evacuation of one-third (1/3) mile radius.
If material leaking (not on fire) consider evacuation from downwind area based on amount of material spilled, location, and weathre conditions.

Isolation and Evacuation of Methyl methacrylate:
As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Methyl methacrylate:
Personal protection: chemical protection suit and filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance.
Remove all ignition sources.

Do NOT wash away into sewer.
Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible.

Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Cleanup Methods of Methyl methacrylate:
Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations.

Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria.
Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur.

Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal.
If Methyl methacrylate is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, Methyl methacrylate must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

1. Remove all ignition sources.
2. Ventilate area of spill or leak.
3. For small quantities, absorb on paper towels.

Evaporate in safe place (such as fume hood).
Burn paper in suitable location away from combustible materials.

Large quantities can be collected and atomized in suitable combustion chamber.
Methyl methacrylate should not be allowed to enter confined space, such as sewer, because of possibility of an explosion.

Spill Handling of Methyl methacrylate:
Evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete.
Remove all ignition sources.

Establish forced ventilation to keep levels below explosive limit.
Absorb liquids in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, peat, carbon, or a similar material and deposit in sealed containers.

Keep this chemical out of a confined space, such as a sewer, because of the possibility of an explosion, unless the sewer is designed to prevent the build-up of explosive concentrations.
Methyl methacrylate may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste.
If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters.

Environmental considerations: Air spill: Apply water spray or mist to knock down vapors.

Disposal Methods of Methyl methacrylate:
Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U162, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.

1. By absorbing Methyl methacrylate in vermiculite, dry sand, earth or similar material.
2. By atomizing in suitable combustion chamber.

Do not empty into drains.

Preventive Measures of Methyl methacrylate:
The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent.
The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.

However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.
In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner that results in no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose of, or clean the clothing.
Quality assurance procedures to confirm the efficacy of the cleaning procedures should be implemented prior to the decontaminated protective clothing being returned for reuse by the workers.
Contaminated clothing (including shoes/socks) should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area.
Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to Methyl methacrylate point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.
Ensure that the local ventilation moves the contaminant away from the worker.

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away.
Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard.
Use water to knock-down vapors.

Nonfire Spill Response of Methyl methacrylate:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area).
All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Methyl methacrylate without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Identifiers of Methyl methacrylate:
CAS Number: 80-62-6
Beilstein Reference: 605459
ChEBI: CHEBI:34840
ChEMBL: ChEMBL49996
ChemSpider: 6406
ECHA InfoCard: 100.001.180
EC Number: 201-297-1
Gmelin Reference: 2691
KEGG: C14527
PubChem CID: 6658
RTECS number: OZ5075000
UNII: 196OC77688
UN number: 1247
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID2020844
InChI: InChI=1S/C5H8O2/c1-4(2)5(6)7-3/h1H2,2-3H3
Key: VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: O=C(OC)C(=C)C

Properties of Methyl methacrylate:
Chemical formula: C5H8O2
Molar mass: 100.117 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: acrid, fruity
Density: 0.94 g/cm3
Melting point: −48 °C (−54 °F; 225 K)
Boiling point: 101 °C (214 °F; 374 K)
Solubility in water: 1.5 g/100 ml
log P: 1.35
Vapor pressure: 29 mmHg (20°C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -57.3·10−6 cm3/mol
Viscosity: 0.6 cP at 20 °C

Molecular Weight: 100.12
XLogP3: 1.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 100.052429494
Monoisotopic Mass: 100.052429494
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 94.3
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Methyl methacrylate:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.942 - 0.944
Identity (IR): passes test

Acidity: 0.005 % max. (as methacrylic acid)
Density: 0.9300g/mL
Color: White to Yellow
Melting Point: -48.0°C
Boiling Point: 100.0°C
Flash Point: 8°C
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (GC)
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Linear Formula: H2C=C(CH3)CO2CH3
Beilstein: 02, II, 398
Packaging: Plastic drum
Merck Index: 15, 6013
Refractive Index: 1.4130 to 1.4150
Quantity: 10L
Specific Gravity: 0.93
Formula Weight: 100.12
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder or Crystals
Percent Purity: 99%
Stabilizer: 10 to 110ppm MEHQ
Viscosity: 0.6 mPa.s (20°C)
Water: 0.05% Max. (K.F.)
Chemical Name or Material: Methyl methacrylate, Stabilized

Structure of Methyl methacrylate:
Dipole moment: 1.6–1.97 D

Names of Methyl methacrylate:

Preferred IUPAC name of Methyl methacrylate:
Methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate

Other names of Methyl methacrylate:
Methyl 2-methylpropenoate
methyl methacrylate
MMA
2-(methoxycarbonyl)-1-propene

Synonyms of Methyl methacrylate:
METHYL METHACRYLATE
80-62-6
methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
Methylmethacrylate
Methyl methylacrylate
Methyl 2-methylpropenoate
Methacrylic acid methyl ester
Pegalan
Methyl-methacrylat
Diakon
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester
Acryester M
Methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Methacrylate de methyle
Methyl 2-methylacrylate
Methacrylsaeuremethyl ester
2-(Methoxycarbonyl)-1-propene
Metakrylan metylu
Methylmethacrylaat
Metil metacrilato
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester
Rcra waste number U162
Methyl alpha-methylacrylate
Methyl methacrylate monomer
TEB 3K
NCI-C50680
2-Methylacrylic acid, methyl ester
Methacrylic acid, methyl ester
Acrylic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester
2-Methyl-acrylic acid methyl ester
NSC 4769
Monocite methacrylate monomer
Methylester kyseliny methakrylove
CHEBI:34840
2-methylacrylic acid methyl ester
UNII-196OC77688
Methyl .alpha.-methylacrylate
Cranioplast
Metaplex
Kallocryl A
Simplex P
Methyl methacrylate monomer, inhibited
143476-91-9
Methyl ester of 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid
196OC77688
114512-63-9
Plexiglass
Methylmethacrylaat
Metakrylan metylu
Methyl-methacrylat
Metil metacrilato
CCRIS 1364
HSDB 195
Polymethyl methacrylate
Methacrylate de methyle
Methacrylsaeuremethyl ester
EINECS 201-297-1
UN1247
RCRA waste no. U162
BRN 0605459
Eudragit
Methylester kyseliny methakrylove
AI3-24946
methoxymethacrolein
MMA (stabilized)
J69
DSSTox_CID_844
Epitope ID:131321
Methyl 2-methylacrylate #
Methyl methacrylate (MMA)
EC 201-297-1
Methyl-.alpha.-methacrylate
SCHEMBL1849
DSSTox_RID_75823
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3
DSSTox_GSID_20844
Methacrylic acid-methyl ester
4-02-00-01519
NA 1247 (Salt/Mix)
UN 1247 (Salt/Mix)
BIDD:ER0634
CHEMBL49996
Methyl methacrylate, 99.5%
WLN: 1UY1&VO1
Methyl methacrylate, stabilized
DTXSID2020844
Methyl methacrylate, CP,98.0%
NSC4769
NSC-4769
ZINC1680392
Tox21_200367
MFCD00008587
STL283952
AKOS000120216
Methyl methacrylate, 99%, stabilized
MCULE-9286083206
CAS-80-62-6
NCGC00091089-01
NCGC00091089-02
NCGC00257921-01
Methacrylic Acid Methyl Ester (stabilized
DB-013559
M0087
C19504
Methyl methacrylate 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Methyl methacrylate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
A839957
Q382897
J-522614
F0001-2087
Z966691016
Methacrylic acid-methyl ester 100 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
Methyl Methacrylate (stabilized with 6-tert-Butyl-2,4-xylenol)
Methyl Methacrylate, (stabilized with 6-tert-Butyl-2,4-xylenol)
Methyl methacrylate, contains <=30 ppm MEHQ as inhibitor, 99%
Methyl methacrylate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Methyl methacrylate (MMA), 99.5%(GC), contains 30ppm MEHQ as stabilizer
Methyl methacrylate (MMA), AR, 99.0%, contains 30ppm MEHQ as stabilizer
Methyl methacrylate monomer, inhibited [UN1247] [Flammable liquid]
PROPENOIC ACID,2-METHYL,METHYLESTER (METHACRYLATE METHYLESTER)
9065-11-6