POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE

Potassium sodium tartrate is a colorless to blue-white salt crystallizing in the orthorhombic system with a chemical formula of KNaC4H4O6·4H2O.
Potassium sodium tartrate is an ingredient of Fehling's solution, formerly used in the determination of reducing sugars in solutions.
Potassium sodium tartrate has been used medicinally as a laxative and in the process of silvering mirrors.

CAS Number: 6381-59-5
EC Number: 206-156-8
Chemical Formula: KNaC4H4O6·4H2O
Molar Mass: 282.23 g/mol

Synonyms: Potassium sodium tartrate, Seignette salt, 304-59-6, Rochelle salt, SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE, Potassium sodium L(+)-tartrate, Monopotassium monosodium tartrate, Sodium potassium L-tartrate, Potassium sodium tartrate anhydrous, 147-79-5, Tartaric acid, monopotassium monosodium salt, L-Potassium sodium tartrate, P49F8NV7ES, CHEBI:63019, Sodium potassium salt of L-(+)-tartaric acid, Alkaline potassium sodium tartrate, potassium;sodium;(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate, 2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, monopotassium monosodium salt, CCRIS 3949, HSDB 765, Sodium potassium (dl)-tartrate, Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, EINECS 206-156-8, potassium sodium l-tartrate, UNII-P49F8NV7ES, Rochelle's salt, Seignette's salt, EINECS 205-698-2, Tartaric acid, potassium sodium salt, potassium sodium (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate, ROCHELLE SALTS, Potassium sodium (R*,R*)-(1)-tartrate, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (2R,3R)-, monopotassium monosodium salt, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, monopotassium monosodium salt, L-Potassiumsodiumtartrate, Monopotassium monosodium 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate, (R-(R*,R*))-, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (R-(R*,R*))-, monopotassium monosodium salt, EC 206-156-8, potassium sodium L-tartarate, POTASSIUMSODIUMTARTRATE, SCHEMBL454101, CHEMBL2219738, DTXSID60932999, DTXSID90889341, Potassium Sodium L-(+)-Tartrate, AKOS015915091, POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahy-drate, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (theta-(theta,theta))-, monopotassium monosodium salt, POTASSIUM SODIUM TARTRATE, L-Potassium sodium tartrate 304-59-6, 15490-42-3, ANHYDROUS SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE, BP-21323, L-(+)-Tartaric Acid Potassium Sodium Salt, P1798, F76579, potassium sodium (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate, ANHYDROUS SODIUM POTASSIUM TARTRATE, Potassium sodium 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioate (1/1/1), rel-Potassium sodium (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinate, Potassium sodium tartrate solution, BioUltra, 1.5 M in H2O, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (2R,3R)-, potassium sodium salt (1:1:1), BUTANEDIOIC ACID, 2,3-DIHYDROXY-, (R-(R*,R*))-, MONOPOTASSIUM MONOSODIUM SALT, Potassium sodium tartrate, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, monopotassium monosodium salt, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, potassium sodium salt (1:1:1), Fehling's reagent (B), Kaliumnatrium-2,3-dihydroxysuccinat (1:1:1), MFCD00012467 [MDL number], MONOPOTASSIUM MONOSODIUM TARTRATE, Potassium sodium 2,3-dihydroxysuccinate (1:1:1), Potassium sodium tartrate anhydrous, Sodium potassium (dl)-tartrate, Sodium potassium tartrate, Tartaric acid, monopotassium monosodium salt, Tartrate de potassium et de sodium (1:1:1), 1313437-85-2, 147-79-5, 6100-16-9, 6381-59-5, MFCD00150989, potassium sodium 2,3-dihydroxysuccinate, potassium sodium tartaric acid, potassiumsodiumtartrate, Rochelle salt, Seignettesalz, sodium potassium tartarate, sodium potassium tartaric acid, tartaric acid monosodium monokalium

Potassium sodium tartrate, also known as Rochelle salt, is a double salt of tartaric acid first prepared (in about 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France.
Potassium sodium tartrate and monopotassium phosphate were the first materials discovered to exhibit piezoelectricity.

This property led to Potassium sodium tartrate extensive use in "crystal" gramophone (phono) pick-ups, microphones and earpieces during the post-World War II consumer electronics boom of the mid-20th century.
Such transducers had an exceptionally high output with typical pick-up cartridge outputs as much as 2 volts or more.
Rochelle salt is deliquescent so any transducers based on the material deteriorated if stored in damp conditions.

Potassium sodium tartrate has been used medicinally as a laxative.
Potassium sodium tartrate has also been used in the process of silvering mirrors.

Potassium sodium tartrate is an ingredient of Fehling's solution (reagent for reducing sugars).
Potassium sodium tartrate is used in electroplating, in electronics and piezoelectricity, and as a combustion accelerator in cigarette paper (similar to an oxidizer in pyrotechnics).

In organic synthesis, Potassium sodium tartrate is used in aqueous workups to break up emulsions, particularly for reactions in which an aluminium-based hydride reagent was used.
Potassium sodium tartrate is also important in the food industry.

Potassium sodium tartrate is a common precipitant in protein crystallography and is also an ingredient in the Biuret reagent which is used to measure protein concentration.
Potassium sodium tartrate maintains cupric ions in solution at an alkaline pH.

Potassium sodium tartrate is a ferroelectric crystal with a high piezoelectric effect and electromechanical coupling coefficient.

Potassium sodium tartrate is a double salt of tartaric acid with a chemical formula C4H4O6KNa·4H2O.
Potassium sodium tartrate is also known as Rochelle salt or Potassium sodium tartrate.

Potassium sodium tartrate is a colourless to white crystalline powder with a cool and saline taste.
Potassium sodium tartrate has a pH value of 6.5 – 8.5.
Potassium sodium tartrate has a large piezometric effect which makes Potassium sodium tartrate widely useful in sensitive vibrational and acoustic devices.

Potassium sodium tartrate (KNaC4H6O6) is a salt made of potassium and sodium.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used as an additive to foods, as a preservative, or in the manufacture of other products such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and photographic chemicals.

Potassium sodium tartrate has been shown to have physiological effects on humans, animals and plants.
The effect of KNaC4H6O6 on enzymes has been studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

The phase transition temperature for this compound is around 130°C.
This property can be utilized to purify water vapor by condensing Potassium sodium tartrate at that temperature and then releasing Potassium sodium tartrate when the temperature drops below 100°C.

Potassium sodium tartrate is a double salt first prepared (in about 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France.
As a result the salt was known as Seignette's salt or Rochelle salt.

Potassium sodium tartrate is a colorless to blue-white salt crystallizing in the orthorhombic system.
Potassium sodium tartrate molecular formula is KNaC4H4O6·4H2O.

Potassium sodium tartrate is slightly soluble in alcohol but more completely soluble in water.
Potassium sodium tartrate has a specific gravity of about 1.79, a melting point of approximately 75 °C, and has a saline, cooling taste.

As a food additive, Potassium sodium tartrate E number is E337.
Potassium sodium tartrate has been used medicinally as a purgative but in more recent years Potassium sodium tartrate piezoelectric properties have been more important and Potassium sodium tartrate has found usage in phonograph pickups and other sensing devices.

Potassium sodium tartrate has also been used in the process of silvering mirrors.
Potassium sodium tartrate is an ingredient of Fehling's solution, formerly used in the determination of reducing sugars in solutions.

In organic synthesis, Potassium sodium tartrate is used in aqueous workups to break up emulsions, particularly for reactions in which an aluminum-based hydride reagent was used.
Potassium sodium tartrate is also an ingredient in the Biuret reagent which is used to measure protein concentration.

This property led to Potassium sodium tartrate extensive use in "crystal" gramophone (phono) pick-ups, microphones and earpieces during the post-World War II consumer electronics boom of the mid-20th Century.
Such transducers had an exceptionally high output with typical pick-up cartridge outputs as much as 2 volts or more.
Rochelle salt is deliquescent so any transducers based on the material deteriorated if stored in damp conditions.

Potassium sodium tartrate has been used medicinally as a laxative.
Potassium sodium tartrate has also been used in the process of silvering mirrors.

Uses of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:
Potassium sodium tartrate has been used in the preparation of Lowry reagent for the determination of microsomal protein concentration in rat hepatic microsomes by Lowry method.
Potassium sodium tartrate may be used as a constituent to prepare DNS (3,5- dinitrosalicylic acid) reagent and Fehling′s solution B, which are used in the determination of reducing sugar.

Potassium sodium tartrate is used as sequestrant and general purpose food additive.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used in mirror production, Fehling's solution, crystal-controlled oscillators, and as saline cathartic

Potassium sodium tartrate is used as a laxative.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used in the silvering of mirrors.

Potassium sodium tartrate is one of the ingredients in Fehling’s solution.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used in the electroplating process.

Potassium sodium tartrate is used in cigarette paper.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used to break up emulsions.

Potassium sodium tartrate is one of the ingredients in Biuret reagent to measure the concentration of protein.
Potassium sodium tartrate helps to maintain alkaline pH.
Potassium sodium tartrate is used as a common precipitant in protein crystallography.

Food Chemical:
Emulsifier in cheese, buffer in confections, in fruit jelly, preserves & jams.
As saline cathartic.

In mfr of mirrors.
Constituent of fehling's solution.
In crystal-controlled electronic oscillators.

Arts and crafts:
Multi-component crafting kits where individual products are not designated
Products related to pottery making which can not be assigned to a more refined category.

Laboratory supplies:
Products specifically used in a laboratory setting, e.g. laboratory diagnostics or consumables, solvents and reagents used in experiments or laboratory tests, etc.
Includes supplies for medical testing.
Note that pure chemicals will be included in the 'Raw materials' category.

Medical/dental::
Medical and dental supplies and equipment, e.g. medical equipment used in a hospital or doctor's office setting, at home (e.g. wheelchairs, colostomy bag).
Includes clothing and personal protective equipment used in medical settings (e.g. scrubs, face masks, gowns, gloves).
Excludes medical testing supplies.

Preparation of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:
The starting material is tartar with a minimum tartaric acid content 68 %.
This is first dissolved in water or in the mother liquor of a previous batch.

Potassium sodium tartrate is then basified with hot saturated sodium hydroxide solution to pH 8, decolorized with activated charcoal, and chemically purified before being filtered.
The filtrate is evaporated to 42 °Bé at 100 °C, and passed to granulators in which Seignette's salt crystallizes on slow cooling.

The salt is separated from the mother liquor by centrifugation, accompanied by washing of the granules, and is dried in a rotary furnace and sieved before packaging.
Commercially marketed grain sizes range from 2000 μm to < 250 μm (powder).

Larger crystals of Rochelle salt have been grown under conditions of reduced gravity and convection on board Skylab.
Rochelle salt crystals will begin to dehydrate when the relative humidity drops to about 30 per cent and will begin to dissolve at relative humidities above 84 per cent.

Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate, NaKC4H4O6) can easily be prepared from potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O6) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).
First heat a potassium bitartrate solution.

Add sodium carbonate to the still hot solution.
Add sodium carbonate until no more reacts (Effervescence will occur).

Filter the solution while hot and then heat to evaporate the water.
After continued heating potassium sodium tartrate will precipitate.

Piezoelectricity of Potassium sodium tartrate:
In 1824, Sir David Brewster demonstrated piezoelectric effects using Rochelle salts, which led to him naming the effect pyroelectricity.
In 1919, Alexander McLean Nicolson worked with Rochelle salt developing audio related inventions like microphones and speakers at Bell Labs.

Identification of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:

Analytic Laboratory Methods:
NIOSH Method: 173.
Analyte: Sodium.
Matrix: Air.
Procedure: Atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

This method has a detection limit of 0.0002 and sensitivity of 0.015 ug/ml.
The working range for a precision better than 3% RSD/CV is 0.05-1.0 ug/ml.

Interference: Spectral, ionization, chemical and physical interferences.

NIOSH Method: 7300.
Analyte: Sodium.
Matrix: Air.
Procedure: Inductively coupled argon plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy.
For sodium this method has an estimated detection limit of 10 ng/ml sample.
The precision/RSD and the recovery are not determined.

Applicability: The working range of this method is 0.005 to 2.0 mg/cu m for each element in a 500 liter air sample.
Interferences: Spectral interferences.

NIOSH Method 173.
Analyte: Potassium.
Matrix: Air.
Procedure: Atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

This method has a detection limit of 0.002 ug/ml and sensitivity of 0.04 ug/ml.
The working range for a precision better than 3% RSD/CV is 0.1-2.0 ug/ml.

Interferences: Spectral, ionization, chemical, physical interferences.

Method 3500-Potassium C.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Method for the determination of potassium in water and wastewater.
Trace amounts of potassium can be determined in either a direct-reading or internal-standard type of flame photometer at a wavelength of 766.5 nm.

Magnesium begins to interfere when the magnesium-to-potassium ratio exceeds 100:1.

Minimum detectable concentration:
Potassium levels of approximately 0.1 mg/l can be determined.

A synthetic sample containing 3.1 mg potassium/l was analyzed in 33 laboratories by the flame photometric method, with a relative standard deviation of 15.5% and a relative error of 2.3%.

Handling and Storage of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 11: Combustible Solids

Stability and Reactivity of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:

Reactivity
:
The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Potassium Sodium Tartrate is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reactions possible with:
Strong oxidizing agents

Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Incompatible materials:
No data available

First Aid Measures of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting Measures of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Carbon oxides
Potassium oxides
Sodium oxides
Combustible.

Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Accidental Release Measures of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up Cover drains.

Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.

Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.

Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:

Control parameters:
Ingredients with workplace control parameters

Exposure controls:

Personal protective equipment:

Eye/face protection
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).
Safety glasses

Respiratory protection required when dusts are generated.
Our recommendations on filtering respiratory protection are based on the following standards: DIN EN 143, DIN 14387 and other accompanying standards relating to the used respiratory protection system.

Recommended Filter type:
Filter type P1

The entrepeneur has to ensure that maintenance, cleaning and testing of respiratory protective devices are carried out according to the instructions of the producer.
These measures have to be properly documented.
Control of environmental exposure Do not let product enter drains.

Identifiers of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:
CAS Number:
304-59-6
6381-59-5 (tetrahydrate)
ChemSpider: 8031536
ECHA InfoCard: 100.132.041
EC Number: 206-156-8
E number: E337 (antioxidants, ...)
PubChem CID: 9855836
UNII:
P49F8NV7ES
QH257BPV3J (tetrahydrate)
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID20980375
InChI:
InChI=1S/C4H6O6.K.Na/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10;;/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);;/q;2*+1/p-2
Key: LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChI=1/C4H6O6.K.Na/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10;;/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10);;/q;2*+1/p-2
Key: LJCNRYVRMXRIQR-NUQVWONBAG
SMILES: [K+].[Na+].O=C([O-])C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O

CAS number: 6381-59-5
EC number: 206-156-8
Grade: ACS,ISO,Reag. Ph Eur
Hill Formula: C₄H₄KNaO₆ * 4 H₂O
Molar Mass: 282.23 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 13 10

Properties of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:
Chemical formula: KNaC4H4O6·4H2O
Molar mass: 210.158 g/mol
Appearance: large colorless monoclinic needles
Odor: odorless
Density: 1.79 g/cm3
Melting point: 75 °C (167 °F; 348 K)
Boiling point: 220 °C (428 °F; 493 K) anhydrous at 130 ℃; decomposes at 220 ℃
Solubility in water: 26 g / 100 mL (0 ℃); 66 g / 100 mL (26 ℃)
Solubility in ethanol: insoluble

Grade: ACS reagent
Quality Level: 200
Assay:
99%
99.0-102.0% (ACS specification)
Form: powder or crystals
Impurities: ≤0.005% insolubles
pH: 6.0-8.5

Anion traces:
chloride (Cl-): ≤0.001%
phosphate (PO43-): ≤0.002%
sulfate (SO42-): ≤0.005%

Cation traces:
Ca: ≤0.005%
Fe: ≤0.001%
NH4+: ≤0.002%
heavy metals: ≤5 ppm (by ICP)

Molecular Weight: 210.16
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 209.95426361
Monoisotopic Mass: 209.95426361
Topological Polar Surface Area: 121 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Complexity: 123
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Cooling saline taste.
Slightly effloresces in warm air.
Density: 1.79.
mp: 70-80 °C.
At 100 °C loses 3 water molecules.
Becomes anhydrous at 130-140 °C.
At 220 °C begins to decompose.
Sol in 0.9 parts water.
Almost insol in alcohol.
The aqueous solution is slightly alkaline to litmus.
pH 7-8.
Loses water of crystallization at 140 °C

Melting Point: 70 - 80 °C
pH value: 7.0 - 8.5 (H₂O)
Bulk density: 1000 kg/m3
Solubility: 630 g/l

Specifications of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:
Assay (alkalimetric): 99.0 - 102.0 %
Insoluble matter: ≤ 0.005 %
pH-value (5 %; water; 25 °C): 7.0 - 8.5
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.0005 %
Phosphate (PO₄): ≤ 0.001 %
Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 0.005 %
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 0.0005 %
Ca (Calcium): ≤ 0.004 %
Cu (Copper): ≤ 0.0005 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.0005 %
NH₄ (Ammonium): ≤ 0.002 %
Pb (Lead): ≤ 0.0005 %

Related compounds of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:
Acid potassium tartrate
Aluminum tartrate
Ammonium tartrate
Calcium tartrate
Metatartaric acid
Potassium antimonyl tartrate
Potassium tartrate
Sodium ammonium tartrate
Sodium tartrate

Names of Potassium Sodium Tartrate:

IUPAC name:
Sodium potassium L(+)-tartrate tetrahydrate

Other names:
E337
Seignette's salt
Rochelle salt