DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE

Diisobutyl phthalate = DIBP

CAS Number: 84-69-5
EC Number: 201-553-2
Chemical formula: C16H22O4
Molar mass: 278.35 g/mol

Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) is prepared by esterification process of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride.
Diisobutyl phthalates structural formula is C6H4(COOCH2CH(CH3)2)2.

DIBP is an odorless plasticizer and has excellent heat and light stability.
Diisobutyl phthalate is the lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate.
DIBP has lower density and freezing point than the related compound dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
Otherwise, Diisobutyl phthalate has similar properties DBP and can often be used as a substitute for it.
Diisobutyl phthalates refractive index is 1.488–1.492 (at 20 °C, D).

Diibutyl phthalate refers to a chemical compound that is organic in nature with the chemical formula C6H4(CO2C4H9)2.
Diisobutyl phthalate is primarily used as a key ingredient in the production of plasticizers - a subcomponent of corrosion preventative coatings.

Italian law specifically requires the use of regenerated, rather than recycled, cellulose in the production of pizza boxes.
We investigated the frequent failure to comply with this law: the identification and determination of phthalates, which have widespread use, contribute to the quality control of various food packaging materials.
Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) has similar structural and application properties to di-n-butyl-phthlate (DBP), and it is used as a substitute for DBP.
We standardized an analytical method that allows the calculation of an ‘exposure index’ (EI) for DIBP in take-away pizza boxes.
The technique, which relies on Solid-Phase Micro Extraction/Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPME/GC/MS), allows the definition of a large range of DIBP content in the headspace within various take-away pizza boxes.

Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) is prepared by esterification process of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride.
Diisobutyl phthalates structural formula is C6H4(COOCH2CH(CH3)2)2.
DIBP is an odorless plasticizer and has excellent heat and light stability.
Diisobutyl phthalate is the lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate.
DIBP has lower density and freezing point than the related compound dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
Otherwise, Diisobutyl phthalate has similar properties DBP and can often be used as a substitute for it.
Diisobutyl phthalates refractive index is 1.488–1.492 (at 20 °C, D).

The diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) hapten containing an amino group was synthesized successfully, and the polyclonal antibody against 4-amino phthalate–bovine serum albumin (BSA) was developed.
On the basis of the polyclonal antibody, a rapid and sensitive indirect competitive fluorescence immunoassay (icFIA) has been established to detect DiBP in edible oil samples for the first time.
Under the optimized conditions, the quantitative working range of the icFIA was from 10.47 to 357.06 ng/mL (R2 = 0.991), exhibiting a detection limit of 5.82 ng/mL.
In this assay, the specific results showed that other similar phthalates did not significantly interfere with the analysis, with the cross-reactivity less than 1.5%, except for that of DiBAP.
Thereafter, DiBP contamination in edible oil samples was detected by icFIA, with the recovery being from 79 to 103%.
Furthermore, the reliability of icFIA was validated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS).
Therefore, the developed icFIA is suitable for monitoring DiBP in some edible oil samples.

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are widely used as plasticizers or additives during the industrial manufacturing of plastic products.
PAEs have been detected in both aquatic and terrestrial environments due to their overuse.
Exposure of PAEs results in human health concerns and environmental pollution.
Diisobutyl phthalate is one of the main plasticizers in PAEs.
Cell surface display of recombinant proteins has become a powerful tool for biotechnologyn applications.
In this current study, a carboxylesterase was displayed on the surface of Escherichia coli cells, for use as whole-cell biocatalyst in diisobutyl phthalate biodegradation.

The State of California and other authoritative bodies have classified dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a reproductive and developmental toxicant, and the European Union banned the use of this ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products.
In animal studies, exposure to DBP during gestation causes infertility, cryptorchidism and problems in sperm development, adverse effects similar to human testicular dysgenesis syndrome.
Prenatal exposure to DBP has been associated with anatomical changes in the reproductive system development in baby boys.
In adult men, DBP has been correlated with changes in serum hormone levels, lower sperm concentration and motility, and decreased fertility.

Diisobutyl phthalate is a colorless and oily liquid at standard condition. Diisobutyl phthalate is stable at increased temperatures due to its low vapor pressure and will not boil until 320°C.
Diisobutyl phthalate is used as a replacement for dibutyl phthalate due to its lower cost of production, lower density and lower freezing point (-37°C). Diisobutyl phthalate’s stability at high temperatures has led it to be commonly used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to increase flexibility and softness.
Diisobutyl phthalate is soluble in many organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and benzene but only slightly soluble in water.
Additional uses of Diisobutyl phthalate include car interiors, vinyl fabrics, elastomers, lacquers, adhesives and solid rocket propellant.

Di isobutyl Phthalate (DIBP) is prepared by esterification process of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride.
DIBP is an odorless plasticizer and has excellent heat and light stability. It is the lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate.
DIBP has lower density and freezing point than DBP.
Diisobutyl phthalate has similar properties as dibutyl phthalate and can be used as a substitute for it.

Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) should be identified as a substance of very high concern in accordance with Article 57(f) of Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 (REACH) because it is a substance with endocrine disrupting properties for which there is scientific evidence of probable serious effects to human health and the environment which give rise to an equivalent level of concern to those of other substances listed in points (a) to (e) of Article 57 REACH.
DIBP has been shown to adversely affect the endocrine system of mammals primarily through in vivo findings on reduced fetal testosterone.
These findings are further substantiated by mechanistic findings, also in vivo, of down-regulation of genes in the steroidogenic biosynthesis pathway.
The spectrum of adverse effects observed in rats include increased nipple retention, decreased anogenital distance, genital malformations, effects on spermatogenesis and testicular changes including weight changes and changes in Leydig an Sertoli cells.

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is one of the most abundantly produced and used plasticizers and is incorporated into plastic to make it more flexible and malleable.
DBP has been found to be an environmental contaminant and reported as an endocrine disruptor.
Therefore,Diibutyl phthalate is crucial to develop ecofriendly alternatives to eliminate phthalate pollution.
In the present research, the growth of F. culmorum and F. oxysporum in the presence of DBP was studied in liquid fermentation.
The esterase activity, specific growth rate, and growth and enzymatic yield parameters were determined in DBP-supplemented media (1,500 or 2,000 mg/L) and in control medium (lacking DBP).

These results show that in general, for both Fusarium species, the highest esterase activities, specific growth rates, and yield parameters were observed in media supplemented with DBP.
Diibutyl phthalate was observed that 1,500 and 2,000 mg of DBP/L did not inhibit F. culmorum or F. oxysporum growth and that DBP induced esterase production in both fungi.
These organisms have much to offer in the mitigation of environmental pollution caused by the endocrine disruptor DBP.
This study reports, for the first time, esterase production during the degradation of high concentrations.

In relation to the environment, adverse effects concerning development and reproduction are generally regarded as endpoints of particular relevance because such effects are likely to manifest themselves at the population level.
The effects observed in rats are of particular concern for wildlife species with a natural low reproductive output, including top predators and other mammals (including endangered species) as negative effects on reproduction has an even higher potential for causing long term negative effect at the population level for such taxa.

Adverse effects caused by exposure to DIBP has not been observed in non-mammalian wildlife as no fish, amphibian or invertebrate studies including endocrine relevant endpoints have been found for DIBP.
However, cross-species extrapolation for hazard identification of endocrine disruptive properties seems relevant, e.g. between rodents and fish, since the key molecular initiating events (in this case inhibition of enzymes involved in steroid synthesis) are similar between species (even though apical responses vary across phyla and some differences in sensitivity to adverse effects have been observed).
In addition, read across between structural analogues for hazard identification of the endocrine disruptive properties of DIBP from other phthalates with similar main metabolites, such as DEHP and DBP where experimental data in fish and rodents provide evidence of probable serious effects to wildlife species, seems appropriate until further investigations are available on the effects of DIBP on non-mammalian wildlife.
In conclusion, when available information is evaluated, DIBP can be considered an endocrine disruptor for both the environment and for human health as it fulfils the WHO/IPCS definition of an endocrine disruptor and the recommendations from the European Commission’s Endocrine Disrupters Expert Advisory Group for a substance to be identified as an endocrine disruptor.
Dibutyl phthalate is a synthetically produced chemical used in fragrances as well as a plasticizer and a solvent.
Diibutyl phthalate is oily, odorless, and colorless and Diibutyl phthalate is used to make plastics more flexible as well as to add desirable qualities to insect repellents, hair sprays, and nail polish.

The invention discloses a preparation method of dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
The preparation method comprises the following steps: adding the raw materials including phthalic anhydride and superfluous butanol to a reaction kettle, adding concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst, controlling the temperature in the reaction kettle to be 0-150 DEG C, reacting for 16-20 hours, neutralizing the catalyst and unreacted phthalic anhydride with an alkaline solution after the reaction is completed, standing for layering and then carrying out washing with clear water several times.
After alcohol-containing wastewater is collected, alcohols are recovered with a recovery tower and are reused.
A lower ester layer after layering is heated to recover alcohols at reduced pressure (butanol is recovered by using a supergravity bed and is reused).
After activated carbon is added for decoloration, the finished product of DBP is obtained through filter pressing by adopting a plate-and-frame filter press.
The preparation method has the beneficial effects that the superfluous alcohol serves as a water-carrying agent, so that the esterification reaction is gradually carried through to the end, the technological process is simplified and the product quality is good; relative to a process of distillation in a rectifying tower, the preparation method has the advantages that the supergravity bed is used to recover butanol in the process, so that the energy consumption is effectively reduced and the process has better environment-friendly significance.

F. oxysporum and F. culmorum from the microbial collection of the Research Centre for Biological Sciences (CICB) at the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala were used in this work.
F. culmorum (GenBank accession number, HF947520) was isolated from an industrial facility for recycling paper, where phthalates can be found as additives in paper dyes, inks and adhesives for paper envelopes.
This strain is deposited at the Collection of the Mexico's National Center for Genetic Resources.
Stock cultures were grown on malt extract agar at 25°C in Petri dishes for 7 days and then stored at 4°C.
Cultures were periodically transferred to fresh culture medium.

Dibutyl phthalate (C16H22O4), or DBP, is an odorless and colorless to faint yellow oily liquid; the molecular weight is 278.35 g/mol.
Dibutyl phthalate is also known as di-n-butyl phthalate.
Dibutyl phthalate has various industrial uses; it is used to make flexible plastics that are found in a variety of consumer products.
Diibutyl phthalate appears to have relatively low acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term) toxicity.
Due to concerns for toxicity, it is banned in children's toys in concentrations of 1000 ppm or greater.

Dibutyl phthalate refers to a chemical compound that is organic in nature with the chemical formula C6H4(CO2C4H9).
Diibutyl phthalate is primarily used as a key ingredient in the production of plasticizers - a subcomponent of corrosion preventative coatings.

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is well known as a high-priority pollutant.
This study explored the impacts of DBP on the metabolic pathways of microbes in black soils in the short term (20 days).
The results showed that the microbial communities were changed in black soils with DBP.
In nitrogen cycling, the abundances of the genes were elevated by DBP.
DBP contamination facilitated 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) formation, and the gene flux of sulfate metabolism was increased.

The total abundances of ABC transporters and the gene abundances of the monosaccharide-transporting ATPases MalK and MsmK were increased by DBP.
The total abundance of two-component system (TCS) genes and the gene abundances of malate dehydrogenase, histidine kinase and citryl-CoA lyase were increased after DBP contamination.
The total abundance of phosphotransferase system (PTS) genes and the gene abundances of phosphotransferase, Crr and BglF were raised by DBP.
The increased gene abundances of ABC transporters, TCS and PTS could be the reasons for the acceleration of nitrogen, carbon and sulfate metabolism.
The degrading-genes of DBP were increased markedly in soil exposed to DBP.
In summary, DBP contamination altered the microbial community and enhanced the gene abundances of the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolism in black soils in the short term.

Dibutyl phthalate (pronounced thal-ate), or DBP, is used mainly in nail products as a solvent for dyes and as a plasticizer that prevents nail polishes from becoming brittle.
Phthalates are also used as fragrance ingredients in many other cosmetics, but consumers won’t find these listed on the label.
Fragrance recipes are considered trade secrets, so manufacturers are not required to disclose fragrance chemicals in the list of ingredients (see also Fragrance/Parfum).
DBP is also commonly used in polyvinyl chloride plastic (PVC) to render it flexible.

Unless otherwise specified, all chemicals and reagents were of reagent grade and used without further purification.
Copper(ii) nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO3)2·3H2O) was obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.
DBP (purity > 99.5% (GC)), 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) were purchased from Aladdin chemistry Co.
Sodium persulfate (Na2S2O8, 99.0%) and all other chemicals such as dimethyl formamide (DMF), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) were provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co.

Regulatory Status:
Health Canada recently announced regulations banning six phthalates (including DBP) in soft vinyl children’s toys and child care articles, but its use in cosmetics is not restricted.
International regulations are stronger.
The European Union bans DBP in cosmetics, as well as in childcare articles and toys.

Health Canada recently announced regulations banning six phthalates (including DBP) in soft vinyl children’s toys and child care articles, but its use in cosmetics is not restricted.
International regulations are stronger.
The European Union bans DBP in cosmetics, as well as in childcare articles and toys.

Related Ingredients:
Other phthalates are widely used as fragrance ingredients in cosmetics — in particular diethyl phthalate (DEP).
DEP is suspected of interfering with hormone function (endocrine disruption), causing reproductive and developmental problems among other health effects.
Fragrance recipes are considered trade secrets, so manufacturers are not required to disclose fragrance chemicals in the list of ingredients.
The best bet to avoid phthalates in fragrances is to use products that are “fragrance-free” (but beware of products marketed as “unscented” — see Fragrance/Parfum).

The grain output from the black soil region accounts for 30% of the national staple food production in China.
Plastic films (for mulching cultivation) have been widely used in farm production of the region.
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) bound to the plastics relatively weakly via hydrogen bond or Van der Waals force, and not combine into PVC polymer chain.
Diibutyl phthalate can be easily released into earth surface and groundwater, and is easy to accumulate.
DBP was detected in soils of all seasons, and the highest DBP concentration was determined in summer.
DBP is ubiquitous in soils.

The residual DBP levels reached 14.6 mg kg−1 in black soils and 29.37 mg kg−1 in fluvo-aquic soils, and exceeded the recommended values in the soil cleanup guidelines (0.08 mg kg−1) adopted by the US Environmental Protection Agency.
DBP can lead to biological health problems, including developmental and reproductive toxicity.
DBP has been listed as one of priority pollutants by both the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre and the United States Environmental Protection Agency because of its mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity.
Therefore, it is very important to understand the damaging effects of DBP on the soil ecosystem and soil health.
Diibutyl phthalate is estimated that 1 g of black soil contains one billion microorganisms.

Soil microorganisms are considered as the key components for soil energy flow7,12 and are believed to be the major driving force of ecosystem functions.
Soil microorganisms are a significant part of the earth’s biodiversity and play key roles in carbon metabolism, nitrogen cycling and the overall functioning of an ecosystem.
Moreover, soil microorganisms play important roles in soil structure and development.
Changes in the microbial community structure not only alter the soil environment but also affect plant growth and soil fertility.
In the current studies, we applied metagenomics analysis and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) to explore the impacts of DBP on the microbial ecology of black soils.

An individual (male, 36 years, 87 kg) ingested two separate doses of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) at a rate of ~60 μg/kg.
Key monoester and oxidized metabolites were identified and quantified in urine continuously collected until 48 h post-dose.
For both DnBP and DiBP, the majority of the dose was excreted in the first 24 h (92.2 % of DnBP, 90.
3 % of DiBP), while only <1 % of the dose was excreted in urine on day 2.
In each case, the simple monoesters were the major metabolites (MnBP, 84 %; MiBP, 71 %). For DnBP, ~8 % was excreted as various side chain oxidized metabolites. For DiBP, approximately 20 % was excreted mainly as the oxidized side chain metabolite 2OH-MiBP, indicating that the extent of oxidative modification is around 2.5 times higher for DiBP than for DnBP.
All DnBP and DiBP metabolites reached peak concentrations between 2 and 4 h post-exposure, followed by a monotonic decline.

Dibutyl phthalate is a man-made chemical that is added to plastics and other chemicals.
In plastics it helps keep them soft (a plasticizer).
Diibutyl phthalate is also used in elastomers, lacquers, explosives, printing inks, resin solvents, perfume oil solvents, paper coatings, adhesives, and nail polish.
Diibutyl phthalate is used as a solid rocket propellant.

Labelled analogue of Diisobutyl Phthalate, a dialkyl phthalate ester phthalate plasticizer which can be used as a substitute of dibutyl phthalate.
Diisobutyl Phthalate as well as other phthalates have genotoxic effects and studies shown an increase in its monoester metabolite in human urine over the years.
Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) is a plasticizer used in poly-vinyl chloride (PVC) plastic to increase flexibility.
Diisobutyl phthalate can be used replacement for dibutyl phthalate due to lower production costs.
Additionally, DIBP can be used in applications such as ink, coatings, lacquers, and adhesives.

Description:Diisobutyl phthalate, also known as DIBP or hexaplas m/1b, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acid esters.
These are ester derivatives of benzoic acid.
Diisobutyl phthalate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within kohlrabis.
This could make diisobutyl phthalate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Diisobutyl phthalate.

DIBP is an odorless plasticizer and has excellent heat and light stability.
Diibutyl phthalate is the lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate.
DIBP has lower density and freezing point than DBP (dibutyl phthalate, CAS No.: 84-74-2).
Diibutyl phthalate has similar properties as dibutyl phthalate and can be used as a substitute for it.

Dibutyl phthalate, also known as DBP or butyl phthalic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzoic acid esters.
These are ester derivatives of benzoic acid.
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a commonly used plasticizer.
Diibutyl phthalate is a paint tasting, colorless oil, although commercial samples are often yellow.
Metabolism of dibutyl phthalate proceeds mainly by nonspecific esterases in the gastrointestinal tract, which hydrolyze one of the butyl ester bonds to yield mono-n-butyl phthalate, the primary toxic metabolite.
Dibutyl phthalate is absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes.
Diibutyl phthalate is rapidly distributed and cleared from the body.
Mono-butyl phthalate is conjugated with glucuronic acid via glucuronosyltransferase and excreted in the urine.

Dibutyl phthalate is a potentially toxic compound.
The most characteristic effect of dibutyl phthalate on mammals is testicular atrophy.
Animal studies have shown that dibutyl phthalate can affect the reproductive ability by decreasingsperm count and causing birth defects.
DBT has also exhibited toxic effects in liver mitochondria by uncoupling energy-linked processes and inhibiting the succinate dehydrogenase.
Adverse effects from dibutyl phthalate exposure have not yet been reported in humans.

Dibutyl phthalate is a commonly used plasticizer.
Diibutyl phthalate is also used as an additive to adhesives or printing inks.
DBP is also used as an ectoparasiticide.
Dibutyl phthalate, and other phthalates, are often reported as components of natural products extracts.
However, due to their high solubility in organic solvents (e.g. ethanol, ethers, dichloromethane, and benzene) they are most likely a contaminant analyte, introduced into the sample through the use of plastics during sample preparation or from contaminated solvents, especially in gas chromatography analyses.

DBP, also known as DNBP, is a phthalate with the same core structure as DIDP and DINP but with two shorter side chains attached, each having four carbon atoms.
In the 1990s, over 75% of DBP was used as plasticiser in plastics such as PVC, 14% in adhesives, 7% in printing inks and 3% in other miscellaneous uses, including sealants and grouting agents used in construction as well as consumer products.
For instance, it was used as an additive to perfumes, deodorants, hair sprays, nail polish, printer inks, and insecticides.

A carboxylesterase-encoding gene (carEW) identifed from Bacillus sp.
K91, was fused to the N-terminal ofice nucleation protein (inpn) anchor from Pseudomonas syringae and gfp gene, and the fused protein was then cloned into pET-28a(+) vector and was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells.
The surface localization of INPN-CarEW/or INPN-CarEW-GFP fusion protein was confrmed by SDS-PAGE, western blot, proteinase accessibility assay, and greenfuorescence measurement.
The catalytic activity of the constructed E. coli surface-displayed cells was determined.
The cell-surface-displayed CarEW displayed optimal temperature of 45 °C and optimal pH of 9.0, using p-NPC2 as substrate.
In addition, the whole cell biocatalyst retained~100% and~200% of its original activity per OD600 over a period of 23 days at 45 °C and one month at 4 °C, exhibiting the better stability than free CarEW.Furthermore, approximately
1.5 mg/ml of DiBP was degraded by 10 U of surface-displayed CarEW cells in 120 min.

A phthalate esters-degrading bacterial strain, designated QH-11T, was isolated from an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant in Beijing, PR China.
The cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, short rods and formed white colonies on trypticase soy agar.
This isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and whole-cell hydrolysates contained arabinose and ribose.
Diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the predominant polar lipids.
According to the results of full-length of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, QH-11T represented a member of the genus Gordonia and showed the highest sequence similarity to Gordonia hydrophobica DSM 44015T (99.2 %), but was distinguishable by a low level of DNA–DNA relatedness (37.8 %).
Genome-based comparisons indicated a clear distinction from the top ten most similar type strains (16S rRNA gene sequence) with pairwise average nucleotide identities (ANI) between 74.6 and 83.4 %.
The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-9(H2), the mycolic acids present had 56 to 62 carbon atoms, and the major fatty acids were C16 : 0 (33.3 %), C17 : 1ω8c (23.4 %) and C18 : 1ω9c (17.9 %).
The DNA G+C content was 68.0 mol%.
On the basis of the results of DNA–DNA hybridization, ANI and physiological and biochemical tests, it is proposed that QH-11T represents a novel species of the genus Gordonia, for which the name Gordonia phthalatica sp. nov. is proposed.
The type strain is QH-11T (CICC 24107T =KCTC 39933T).

Keywords of Diisobutyl phthalate:
Gordonia phthalatica, phthalate esters, biodegradation, activated sludge

METHODS AND RESULTS OF Diisobutyl phthalate:
In the current study, four groups of pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to either 0mg/kg bw/day or 600 mg/kg bw/day of DiBP from gestation day (GD) 7 to either GD 19 or GD 20/21.
Male offspring was examined at GD 19 or GD 20/21 for effects on testicular testosterone production and testicular histopathology.
Changes in anogenital distance (AGD) were evaluated as an indication of feminisation of males.
Anogenital distance was statistically significantly reduced at GD 20/21 together with reductions in testicular testosterone production and testicular testosterone content.
Histopathological effects (Leydig cell hyperplasia, Sertoli cell vacuolisation, central location of gonocytes and presence of multinuclear gonocytes) known for DBP and DEHP were observed in testes of DiBP-exposed animals at GD 20/21.
Additionally, immunohistochemical expression of P450scc and StAR proteins in Leydig cells was reduced by DiBP.
At GD 19, these effects on anogenital distance, testosterone levels and histopathology were less prominent.

CONCLUSIONS OF Diisobutyl phthalate:
In this study, GD 20/21 rather than GD 19 appears to be the optimal time for investigating changes in anogenital distance, testosterone levels, and testicular histopathology.
DiBP has similar testicular and developmental effects as DBP and DEHP, and although more developmental and especially postnatal studies are needed to clearly identify the reproductive effects of DiBP, this study indicates a reason for concern about the use of DiBP as a substitute for DBP.

Diisobutyl phthalate is the lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate.

KEYWORDS:
84-69-5, 201-553-2, DIBP, Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove, Hatcol DIBP, Isobutyl phthalate, Kodaflex DIBP, Palatinol IC, Phthalic acid diisobutyl ester, AI3-04278

Compound Type:
Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Cosmetic Toxin
Ester
Ether
Household Toxin
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Metabolite
Organic Compound
Phthalate
Plasticizer
Synthetic Compound

Substituents:
Benzoate ester
Benzoyl
Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid ester
Carboxylic acid derivative
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Aromatic homomonocyclic compound

Article No: 03271
Purity: 99%
Molecular Formula: C16H22O4
H.S. Code: 2917.3910
CAS number: 84-69-5
PubChem ID: 6782
ChEBI ID: 79053
HMDB ID: HMDB0013835
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H22O4/c1-11(2)9-19-15(17)13-7-5-6-8-14(13)16(18)20-10-12(3)4/h5-8,11-12H,9-10H2,1-4H3
InChI Key: MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Formula: C16H22O4
Flash Point: 385°F (NTP, 1992)
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL): 0.4 %
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL): data unavailable
Autoignition Temperature: 810°F
Melting Point: -83°F
Vapor Pressure: data unavailable
Vapor Density (Relative to Air): 9.59
Specific Gravity: 1.047 at 68°F
Boiling Point: 563 to 568°F at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight: 278.38
Water Solubility: Insoluble

CAS Number: 84-69-5
ChEBI: CHEBI:79053
ChemSpider: 6524
ECHA InfoCard: 100.001.412
EC Number: 201-553-2
KEGG: C15205
PubChem CID: 6782
RTECS number: TI1225000
UNII: IZ67FTN290
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9022522
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H22O4/c1-11(2)9-19-15(17)13-7-5-6-8-14(13)16(18)20-10-12(3)4/h5-8,11-12H,9-10H2,1-4H3
Key: MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C16H22O4/c1-11(2)9-19-15(17)13-7-5-6-8-14(13)16(18)20-10-12(3)4/h5-8,11-12H,9-10H2,1-4H3
Key: MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYAA
SMILES: O=C(OCC(C)C)c1ccccc1C(=O)OCC(C)C

Properties OF Diisobutyl phthalate:
Chemical formula: C16H22O4
Molar mass: 278.35 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless viscous liquid
Density: 1.038 g/cm3
Melting point: −37 °C (−35 °F; 236 K)
Boiling point: 320 °C (608 °F; 593 K)
Solubility in water: 1 mg/l at 20 °C
log P: 4.11
Vapor pressure: 0.01 Pa at 20 °C

Incompatibilities & Reactivities
Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis & acids; liquid chlorine

Health issues of Diisobutyl phthalate:
The concentration of a metabolite of DIBP, monoisobutyl phthalate (MIBP), has been steadily increasing in the urine of Americans over the period 1999–2008.
In 2021, DIBP, along with dextrorphan, was identified in >75% of sludge samples taken from 12 wastewater treatment plants in California.
The same study associated this compound with estrogenic activity in vitro.

Products in Taiwan made by Hebo Natural Products Limited (禾博天然產物有限公司) of China contained ginger contaminated with DIBP; 80,000 nutritional supplement capsules made with imported ginger powder were seized by the Public Health Department of Taiwan in June 2011.
In addition, soybean extract and olive leaf extract, both in powder form, were contaminated with DIBP and DBP.

Uses of Diisobutyl phthalate:
According to the European Council of Plasticisers and Intermediates (ECPI, 2006),DIBP is a specialist plasticiser often used in combination with other high molecular
weight phthalates as a gelling aid.
Diibutyl phthalate has very similar application properties to DBP and may therefore be used to substitute for DBP in most, if not all, of its applications.
These range from the plasticisation of PVC to the production of paints, printing inks and adhesives.
In Australia, DIBP is imported for use as a plasticiser for the manufacture of PVC and rubber.
Diibutyl phthalate is also imported as a component of industrial adhesives and catalyst systems for polypropylene and fibreglass manufacture.
Imported DIBP is also sold to various institutions and laboratories for research and product development.

Diisobutyl phthalate is often added to polyvinyl chloride as a plasticizer in order to improve it material characteristics.
Diisobutyl phthalate does not polymerize when added to PVC and allows for PVC molecules to slide along one another without tangling.
The ability to avoid the polymers from becoming entangled will increase the flexibility of the PVC, making it more suitable for a number of applications.
Vinyl fabrics and raincoats are examples of how Diisobutyl phthalate will increase the flexibility of PVC.

Diisobutyl phthalate is entirely composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen making it ideal for combustion reactions.
Diisobutyl phthalate is used as a stabilizer within solid rocket propellant as Diisobutyl phthalate readily contributes molecules to sustain the combustion reaction at elevated temperatures.
Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) is prepared by esterification process of isobutanol and phthalic anhydride.
Diibutyl phthalates structural formula is C6H4(COOCH2CH(CH3)2)2.
DIBP is an odorless plasticizer and has excellent heat and light stability.
Diibutyl phthalate is the lowest cost plasticizer for cellulose nitrate.
DIBP has lower density and freezing point than the related compound dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
Otherwise, it has similar properties DBP and can often be used as a substitute for it.
Diibutyl phthalates refractive index is 1.488–1.492 (at 20 °C, D).

Physical properties of Diisobutyl phthalate:
Dibutyl phthalate is a colourless, oily liquid with a weak odour.
Melting Point: -35°C
Boiling Point: 340°C
Specific Gravity: 1.043
Vapour Density: 9.6
Flashpoint: 171°C

Chemical properties of Diisobutyl phthalate:
Dibutyl phthalate is soluble in most organic solvents, but only slightly soluble in water.

Materials and Methods:
Ethics statement
No specific permits were required for the described field studies.
The field studies did not involve any endangered or protected species.
The strain in this study was collected from the “Large Roll Pan hot spring” in Tengchong Volcano Geothermal National Geological Park (E 98° 23'–98° 39', N 24° 53'–25° 27'), Yunnan Province, China, with the permission of the authorities of the Tengchong Volcano Geothermal National Geological Park.

Strains and reagents
DiBP (99% purity) was from J&K Scientific Ltd.
The standard sample PTH (99%) was from Beijing Haianhongmeng Reference Material Technology
MiBP was from Shanghai PheroWeCan Co.
Nickel-NTA agarose was purchased from Qiagen (Germany).
TransGen Biotech (Beijing) provided fast pfu DNA polymerase and pEASY-E2 expression kit.
Different substrates, such as ρ-NP acetate (ρ-NPC2), ρ-NP butyrate (ρ-NPC4), ρ-NP caproate (ρ-NPC6), ρ-NP caprylate (ρ-NPC8), ρ-NP caprate (ρ-NPC10), ρ-NP laurate (ρ-NPC12), ρ-NP myristate (ρ-NPC14), and ρ-NP palmitate (ρ-NPC16), were from Sigma-Aldrich (USA) or TCI (Tokyo, Japan).
Genomic DNA isolation, DNA purification, and plasmid isolation kits were from TianGen (China).
All other chemicals were analytical grade.

Analyte:Diisobutyl Phthalate-3,4,5,6-d4
CAS Number: 358730-88-8
Target Concentration: N/A

Molecular Weight: 278.3
Boiling Point: 644°F
Freezing Point: -31°F
Solubility: (77°F): 0.001%
Vapor Pressure: 0.00007 mmHg
Ionization Potential: ?

Specific Gravity: 1.05
Flash Point: 315°F
Upper Explosive Limit: ?
Lower Explosive Limit: (456°F): 0.5%

Specifications of Diisobutyl phthalate:
Density: 1.039
Melting Point: -64°C
Boiling Point: 327°C
Flash Point: 169°C (336°F)
Beilstein: 2054802
Refractive Index: 1.49
Quantity: 100g
Formula Weight: 278.35
Percent Purity: 99%
Chemical Name or Material: Diisobutyl phthalate
IUPAC Standard InChI: InChI=1S/C16H22O4/c1-3-5-11-19-15(17)13-9-7-8-10-14(13)16(18)20-12-6-4-2/h7-10H,3-6,11-12H2,1-2H3

CAS: 84-69-5
Boiling Point: 320°C
MDL Number: MFCD00026480
Synonym: di i-butyl phthalate, di-iso-butyl phthalate, dibp, diisobutyl phthalate, hexaplas m/1b, isobutyl phthalate, kodaflex dibp, palatinol ic, phthalic acid diisobutyl ester, phthalic acid, diisobutyl ester
InChI Key: MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
IUPAC Name: 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
PubChem CID: 6782
Formula Weight: 278.35
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (GC)
Color: Yellow
Molecular Formula: C16H22O4
UN Number: 3082
Quantity: 25g
SMILES: CC(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(C)C
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 278.35
ChEBI: CHEBI:79053
Physical Form: Clear Liquid at 20°C
Chemical Name or Material: Diisobutyl Phthalate

Physical State: Liquid
Storage: Store at room temperature
Boiling Point: 327° C at 760 mmHg

PubChem CID: 71309029
SMILES: [2H]C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[2H])C(=O)OCC(C)C)C(=O)OCC(C)C)[2H])[2H]

CAS Number: 84-69-5
ChEBI: CHEBI:79053
ChemSpider: 6524
ECHA InfoCard: 100.001.412
EC Number: 201-553-2
KEGG: C15205
PubChem: CID6782
RTECS number: TI1225000
UNII: IZ67FTN290
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9022522

Alternate Names: Phthalic Acid Diisobutyl Ester (3,4,5,6)-D4
CAS Number: 358730-88-8
Molecular Weight: 282.37
Molecular Formula: C16D4H18O4
Supplemental Information: This is classified as a Dangerous Good for transport and may be subject to additional shipping charges.

Substance name: diisobutyl phthalate
Trade name: Diisobutyl Phthalate
EC no: 201-553-2
CAS no: 84-69-5
HS code: 29173400
KH product code: 100293
Formula: C16H22O4

Registry Numbers:
84-69-5
84-69-5

Chemical formula: C16H22O4
Molar mass: 278.35 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless viscous liquid
Density: 1.038 g/cm3
Melting point: −37 °C (−35 °F; 236 K)
Boiling point: 320 °C (608 °F; 593 K)
Solubility in water: 1 mg/l at 20 °C
log P: 4.11
Vapor pressure: 0.01 Pa at 20 °C

Alias:
DIBP
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
phthalic acid diisobutyl ester
3,4-bis(2-methylpropyl)benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylicacid,1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl)ester

EINECS: 201-553-2
Chemical Formula: C16H20O4
Molecular Weight: 276.329

About Diisobutyl phthalate Helpful information:
Diisobutyl phthalate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 tonnes per annum.
Diisobutyl phthalate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses of Diisobutyl phthalate:
Diisobutyl phthalate is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and polymers.
Other release to the environment of Diisobutyl phthalate is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Article service life of Diisobutyl phthalate:
Release to the environment of Diisobutyl phthalate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, formulation of mixtures and of substances in closed systems with minimal release. Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use, outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints). This substance can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators. Diisobutyl phthalate can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture) and wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).

Widespread uses by professional workers of Diisobutyl phthalate:
Diisobutyl phthalate is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polymers and adhesives and sealants.
Diisobutyl phthalate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Diisobutyl phthalate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).

Formulation or re-packing of Diisobutyl phthalate:
Diisobutyl phthalate is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and polymers.
Diisobutyl phthalate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Diisobutyl phthalate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Uses at industrial sites of Diisobutyl phthalate:
Diisobutyl phthalate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Diisobutyl phthalate is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Diisobutyl phthalate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Diisobutyl phthalate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and in the production of articles.

Manufacture of Diisobutyl phthalate:
Release to the environment of Diisobutyl phthalate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Alternate Name(s): Di-iso-butyl phthalate
benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diisobutyl ester
bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Di(i-butyl)phthalate
Di-iso-Butyl phthalate
diisobutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove
Hatcol DIBP
Isobutyl phthalate
Kodaflex DIBP
Palatinol IC
Phthalic acid, diisobutyl ester
AI3-04278
AI3-04278 (USDA)
BRN 2054802
CCRIS 6193
EINECS 201-553-2
HSDB 5247
NSC 15316
Classification: Phthalate, Plasticizer
Molecular Formula: C16-H22-O4
Molecular Weight: 278.35

1,2-BENZENE DICARBOXYLIC ACID, DI-(2-METHYLPROPYL)ESTER
1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLIC ACID, BIS(2-METHYLPROPYL) ESTER
DI(2-METHYLPROPYL) PHTHALATE
DI(ISOBUTYL) 1,2-BENZENEDICARBOXYLATE
DI-ISO-BUTYL PHTHALATE
DI-ISOBUTYL PHTHALATE
DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE
HEXAPLAS M/1B
ISOBUTYL PHTHALATE
PALATINOL IC
PHTHALIC ACID, DI-ISOBUTYL ESTER
PHTHALIC ACID, DIISOBUTYL ESTER

Substance name: Dibutyl phthalate

CASR number: 84-74-2

Molecular formula: C16H22O4

DBP
Di-n-Butyl Phthalate
n-Butyl phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid dibutyl ester
Phthalic acid dibutyl ester
o-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester
benzene-o-dicarboxylic acid di-n-butyl ester
dibutyl 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutylester
Dibutyl o-Phthalate
dibutyl phthalate
Di-n-butyl phthalate
n-Butyl phthalate
Butyl phthalate

CAS Number: 84-69-5
Molecular Formula: C16H22O4
Appearance: Colourless Oil
Melting Point: N/A
Molecular Weight: 278.34
Storage: Refrigerator
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Category: Standards; Environmental Standards, Mutagens and Metabolites;
Application: Diisobutyl Phthalate is a Dialkyl phthalate ester phthalate plasticizer which can be used as a substitute of dibutyl phthalate.
Diisobutyl Phthalate as well as other phthalates have genotoxic effects and studies shown an increase in its monoester metabolite in human urine over the years.

Synonym(s):DIBP
Linear Formula: C6H4-1,2-[CO2CH2CH(CH3)2]2
CAS Number: 84-69-5
Molecular Weight: 278.34
Beilstein: 2054802
EC Number: 201-553-2
MDL number: MFCD00026480
PubChem Substance ID: 24849244
Phthalic Acid Diisobutyl Ester

DBP
dibutyl 1,2-benzene-dicarboxylate
di-n-butyl phthalate
n-butyl phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid Bis(2-methylpropyl) Ester
Phthalic Acid Diisobutyl ester
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid Diisobutyl Ester
2-Methylpropyl Phthalate
Bis(2-methylpropyl) Phthalate
Di(2-methylpropyl) Phthalate
Di(isobutyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
Di-iso-Butyl Phthalate
Diisobutyl Phthalate
Hexaplas M/1B
Isobutyl Phthalate
NSC 15316
Palatinol IC
Reomol DiBP

Chemical Formula: C16H22O4
Average Molecular Weight: 278.3435
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 278.151809192
IUPAC Name: 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Traditional Name: diisobutyl phthalate
CAS Registry Number: 84-69-5
SMILES: CC(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(C)C

1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid di(2-methylpropyl) ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
Bis(2-methylpropyl) phthalate
Di(i-butyl)phthalate
Di-2-methylpropyl phthalate
Di-iso-butyl phthalate
DIBP
Isobutyl phthalate
Isobutyl-O-phthalate
Phthalic acid, diisobutyl ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylate bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylate di(2-methylpropyl) ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylate, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
Bis(2-methylpropyl) phthalic acid
Di(i-butyl)phthalic acid
Di-2-methylpropyl phthalic acid
Di-iso-butyl phthalic acid
Isobutyl phthalic acid
Isobutyl-O-phthalic acid
Phthalate, diisobutyl ester
Diisobutyl phthalic acid
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di(2-methylpropyl) ester
Diisobutyl phthalate (acd/name 4.0)
Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove
Hexaplas m/1b
Kodaflex dibp
Di-(2-methylpropyl)-phthalic acid

1,2-benzene dicarboxylic acid diisobutyl ester
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
AI3-04278
bisoflex DIBA
bisoflex DIBP
di(isobutyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
DIBP (=diisobutyl phthalate)
diplast B
hatcol DIBP
hexaplas M 18
hexaplas M
1B
hexaplas MIB
isobutyl phthalate
jayflex DIBP
kodaflex DIBP
mollan L
phthalic acid diisobutyl ester
vestinol IB)

1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid di(2-methylpropyl) ester
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
bis(2-methylpropyl) phthalate
di(i-butyl)phthalate
di-2-methylpropyl phthalate
di-iso-butyl phthalate
DIBP   KEGG COMPOUND
DIBP   ChemIDplus
isobutyl phthalate
isobutyl-o-phthalate
phthalic acid, diisobutyl ester

Product Number: P0298
Purity / Analysis Method: >98.0%(GC)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C16H22O4 = 278.35
Physical State (20 deg.C): Liquid
CAS RN: 84-69-5
Reaxys Registry Number: 2054802
PubChem Substance ID: 87574530
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 2842
MDL Number: MFCD00026480

Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) is synthesized by chemical reaction of phthalic acid with iso-butyl alcohol.
DiBP is a plasticizer with coagulating properties which was used with different polymers, e.g. poly acrylate, poly acetate dispersions, cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, ethyl cellulose, polyurethane, and polyvinyl butyrate.
In combination with other plasticizers it was applied as gellant in processing of so-called plastisols.
DiBP is present for instance in floorings, adhesives, lacquers, inks, hydraulic fluids and lubricants.
It was used as marker in fuels for tax purposes and also in the production of titanium catalysers.

DiBP can substitute dibutyl phthalate (DBP) in most, if not all, applications.
Since DiBP is not chemically bound in the polymer matrix it may outgas or be released upon contact with fluids and fat.
In the environment DiBP is degraded relatively fast.
It is toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
In animal experiments DiBP is toxic to reproduction and development.

Quality Level: 200
assay: 99%
form: liquid
refractive index: n20/D 1.49 (lit.)
bp: 327 °C (lit.)
density: 1.039 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CC(C)COC(=O)c1ccccc1C(=O)OCC(C)C
InChI: 1S/C16H22O4/c1-11(2)9-19-15(17)13-7-5-6-8-14(13)16(18)20-10-12(3)4/h5-8,11-12H,9-10H2,1-4H3
InChI key: MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

the aim of this study is to investigate the histopathological effects on the liver tissues of widely used as plasticizer Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP).
In this study Wistar albino (n=10) rats were used.
Three study groups were created: an experimental group, a control group fed with corn oil and a control group.
The experimental group were administered by gavaj daily with 3 different dosages (0.25 - 0.5 - 1 ml/kg/day) of DIBP mixed with corn oil for 28 days.
The liver tissue sections after rutin histological preparation processes were examined and photographed using an Olympus BX51 light microscope.
It was determined from the analyses that there was no significant histological difference between the control and the corn-oil fed control group.
The group which was administered DIBP displayed deterioration in lobulation, focal hepatocellular necrosis, oedema in hepatic artery and vena centralis, decrease in glycogen and distortion of nucleus shape in relation to the dosage of DIBP they received.
As a result, it has been determined that DIBP is a hepatotoxic substance and has been found to cause irreversible serious histopathological changes in liver tissue.
Keywords: Diisobutyl phthalate, liver, histopatology, rat

Degradation of diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP) by Fenton oxidation was evaluated in this study.
The results indicate that the pH, H2O2 and Fe2 + concentration were three main operating factors considerably affecting the decomposition of DIBP.
The optimum conditions were observed at pH 3 and the molar ratio of [H2O2]: [Fe2 +]: [DIBP] = 5: 5: 1. Under such condition, the maximum removal of DIBP was as high as 87% at a time of 30 minutes.
In general, the empirical equation was derived as follows: (dCDIBP/dt)initial = −k CDIBP,0 0.88CFe2 +,0 0.33CH2O2 0.95.

Property Name: Property Value
Molecular Weight: 278.34
XLogP3: 4.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 278.15180918
Monoisotopic Mass: 278.15180918
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6 Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 20
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 290
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Preferred IUPAC name
Bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate

Regulatory process names
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
Bis(2-methylpropyl)benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
Di(i-butyl)phthalate
DIBP
Diisobutyl phthalate
Diisobutyl phthalate
diisobutyl phthalate
Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)
Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove
Hatcol DIBP
Hexaplas M/1B
Isobutyl phthalate
Kodaflex DIBP
Palatinol IC
Phthalic acid, diisobutyl ester
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diisobutyl ester
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
di-iso-butyl phthalate
di-isobutylphthalate
diisobutylphthalate
hatcol DIBP
hexaplas M/1B
kodaflex DIBP
2-methylpropyl 2-[(2-methylpropyl)oxycarbonyl]benzoate
bis(2- methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
palatinol IC
phthalic acid di-(2-methylpropyl) ester
phthalic acid diisobutyl ester
phthalic acid, diisobutyl ester
uniplex 155

Translated names
di-isobutyyliftalaatti (fi)
diisobutil ftalato (it)
diisobutyl-ftalát (cs)
diisobutylftalaat (nl)
diisobutylftalat (no)
diisobutylftalat (sv)
diisobutylphthalat (da)
Diisobutylphthalat (de)
diisobutüülftalaat (et)
diizobutil ftalat (hr)
diizobutil ftalat (sl)
diizobutilftalatas (lt)
diizobutilftalāts (lv)
diizobutil–ftalát (hu)
diizobutyl-ftalát (sk)
ftalan diizobutylu (pl)
ftalat de diizobutil (ro)
ftalat tad-diiżobutil (mt)
ftalato de diisobutilo (es)
ftalato diisobutílico (pt)
phtalate de diisobutyle (fr)
φθαλικό διισοβουτύλιο (el)
диизобутил фталат (bg)

CAS names
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
DiBP
diisobutl phthalate
diisobutyl phtalate
DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE
Diisobutyl Phthalate
Diisobutyl phthalate
diisobutyl phthalate
Diisobutyl phthalate
diisobutyl phthalate
Diisobutylphthalate
Reaction mass of dibutyl phthalate and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Other names
Diisobutyl phthalate
Diisobutyl ester of phthalic acid
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl)ester
Di(isobutyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate
DIBP
DiBP
Palatinol IC
DIISOBUTYL PHTHALATE
84-69-5
DIBP
Palatinol IC
Phthalic Acid Diisobutyl Ester
Isobutyl phthalate
Hexaplas M/1B
Kodaflex DIBP
Di-iso-butyl phthalate
Phthalic acid, diisobutyl ester
Di(i-butyl)phthalate
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
UNII-IZ67FTN290
NSC 15316
bis(2-methylpropyl) phthalate
isobutyl-o-phthalate
bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
di-2-methylpropyl phthalate
di-l-butyl phthalate (DIBP)
IZ67FTN290
DTXSID9022522
CHEBI:79053
DSSTox_CID_2522
Hatcol DIBP
DSSTox_RID_76609
DSSTox_GSID_22522
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, di(2-methylpropyl) ester
CAS-84-69-5
SMR000112470
di-isobutyl phthalate
CCRIS 6193
HSDB 5247
AI3-04278 (USDA)
EINECS 201-553-2
BRN 2054802
Diisobutylester kyseliny ftalove [Czech]
AI3-04278
Phthalic acid diisobutyl
Isobutyl phthalate (VAN)
EC 201-553-2
Diisobutyl phthalate, 99%
SCHEMBL42787
4-09-00-03177 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS000516002
MLS002152902
BIDD:ER0640
1, bis(2-methylpropyl) ester
CHEMBL1370662
Phthalic acid, bis-isobutyl ester
HMS2269D07
ZINC388318
NSC15316
Tox21_202429
Tox21_300612
MFCD00026480
NSC-15316
AKOS015837516
Diisobutyl phthalate (ACD/Name 4.0)
WLN: 1Y1&1OVR BVO1Y1&1
NCGC00091360-01
NCGC00091360-02
NCGC00091360-03
NCGC00091360-04
NCGC00254487-01
NCGC00259978-01
FT-0689059
P0298
Q162259
1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate
J-503794
1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid di(2-methylpropyl) ester
Phthalic acid, bis-isobutyl ester 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
Diisobutyl phthalate, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)