ETHYLENEDIAMINE (EDA)

Ethylenediamine (EDA) (abbreviated as en when a ligand) is the organic compound with the formula C2H4(NH2)2.
This colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor is a basic amine.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a widely used building block in chemical synthesis, with approximately 500,000 tonnes produced in 1998.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is the first member of the so-called polyethylene amines.

CAS Number: 107-15-3
EC Number: 203-468-6
IUPAC Name: Ethane-1,2-diamine
Molecular Formula: C2H8N2 or H2NCH2CH2NH2 or NH2CH2CH2NH2

Other names: ethylenediamine, EDA, Ethane-1 2-diamine, 107-15-3, 1 2-Ethanediamine, 1 2-Diaminoethane, Ethylene diamine, Ethylendiamine, edamine, Dimethylenediamine, 1,2-Ethylenediamine, Aethaldiamin, Aethylenediamin, Ethyleendiamine, Ethylene-diamine, beta-Aminoethylamine, 1,2-Diaminoaethan, Algicode 106L, Amerstat 274, 1,2-Diamino-ethaan, 1,2-Diamino-ethano, Caswell No. 437, NCI-C60402, CCRIS 5224, HSDB 535, CHEBI:30347, 1,4-diazabutane, EINECS 203-468-6, UNII-60V9STC53F, Edamine [INN], EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 004205, BRN 0605263, 60V9STC53F, DTXSID5021881, AI3-24231, CHEMBL816, H2NCH2CH2NH2, ETHANE,1,2-DIAMINO, DTXCID501881, EC 203-468-6, 4-04-00-01166 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 2-Aminoethylammonium chloride, MFCD00008204, EN, NCGC00091527-01, ethyl diamine, Ethane-1,2-diammonium bromide, CAS-107-15-3, 27308-78-7, Aminophylline Injection, UN1604, ethylenediarnine, 2-aminoethylamine, ethylene di amine, 1,2-diaminoethan, ethylene - diamine, EDN, 1,2-ethylendiamine, 1,2-diamino-ethane, ethane 1,2-diamine, Caswell No 437, N,N'-ethylenediamine, Ethylenediamine, 8CI, 1,2-ethylene diamine, 1,2-ethylene-diamine, .beta.-Aminoethylamine, ethane-1, 2-diamine, N,N'-ethylene diamine, Epitope ID:117724, Pesticide Code 004205, BDBM7972, NH2(CH2)2NH2, ALPHA,OMEGA-ETHANEDIAMINE, 624-59-9 (di-hydrobromide), 333-18-6 (di-hydrochloride), 5700-49-2 (di-hydriodide), STR00309, Tox21_111145, Tox21_201202, Ethylenediamine; Ethane-1,2-diamine, AKOS000118850, DB14189, UN 1604, NCGC00091527-02, NCGC00258754-01, BP-20367, E0077, E0081, NS00003922, EN300-19398, InChI=1/C2H8N2/c3-1-2-4/h1-4H, D01114, Q411362, J-001723, Z104473714

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is produced industrially by treating 1,2-dichloroethane with ammonia under pressure at 180 °C in an aqueous medium.
In this reaction hydrogen chloride is generated, which forms a salt with the amine.
The amine is liberated by addition of sodium hydroxide and can then be recovered by rectification.
Diethylenetriamine (DETA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) are formed as by-products.

Another industrial route to Ethylenediamine (EDA) involves the reaction of ethanolamine and ammonia.
This process involves passing the gaseous reactants over a bed of nickel heterogeneous catalysts.
It can be produced in the lab by the reaction of ethylene glycol and urea.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) can be purified by treatment with sodium hydroxide to remove water followed by distillation.

Applications
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in large quantities for production of many industrial chemicals.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) forms derivatives with carboxylic acids (including fatty acids), nitriles, alcohols (at elevated temperatures), alkylating agents, carbon disulfide, and aldehydes and ketones.
Because of its bifunctional nature, having two amino groups, it readily forms heterocycles such as imidazolidines.

Precursor to chelation agents, drugs, and agrochemicals
A most prominent derivative of Ethylenediamine (EDA) is the chelating agent EDTA, which is derived from Ethylenediamine (EDA) via a Strecker synthesis involving cyanide and formaldehyde.
Numerous bio-active compounds and drugs contain the N–CH2–CH2–N linkage, including some antihistamines.
Salts of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate are commercially significant fungicides under the brand names Maneb, Mancozeb, Zineb, and Metiram. Some imidazoline-containing fungicides are derived from Ethylenediamine (EDA).

Pharmaceutical ingredient
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is an ingredient in the common bronchodilator drug aminophylline, where it serves to solubilize the active ingredient theophylline. Ethylenediamine (EDA) has also been used in dermatologic preparations, but has been removed from some because of causing contact dermatitis.
When used as a pharmaceutical excipient, after oral administration its bioavailability is about 0.34, due to a substantial first-pass effect.
Less than 20% is eliminated by renal excretion.

Ethylenediamine (EDA)-derived antihistamines are the oldest of the five classes of first-generation antihistamines, beginning with piperoxan aka benodain, discovered in 1933 at the Pasteur Institute in France, and also including mepyramine, tripelennamine, and antazoline. The other classes are derivatives of ethanolamine, alkylamine, piperazine, and others (primarily tricyclic and tetracyclic compounds related to phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, as well as the cyproheptadine-phenindamine family)

Role in polymers
Ethylenediamine (EDA), because it contains two amine groups, is a widely used precursor to various polymers.
Condensates derived from formaldehyde are plasticizers.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is widely used in the production of polyurethane fibers.
The PAMAM class of dendrimers are derived from Ethylenediamine (EDA).

TetraacetylEthylenediamine (EDA)
The bleaching activator tetraacetylEthylenediamine (EDA) is generated from Ethylenediamine (EDA).
The derivative N,N-ethylenebis(stearamide) (EBS) is a commercially significant mold-release agent and a surfactant in gasoline and motor oil.

Other applications
Ethylenediamine (EDA) used as a solvent, it is miscible with polar solvents and is used to solubilize proteins such as albumins and casein.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is also used in certain electroplating baths.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) used as a corrosion inhibitor in paints and coolants.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) used for color photography developing, binders, adhesives, fabric softeners, curing agents for epoxies, and dyes.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) used as a compound to sensitize nitromethane into an explosive.

Coordination chemistry
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a well-known bidentate chelating ligand for coordination compounds, with the two nitrogen atoms donating their lone pairs of electrons when Ethylenediamine (EDA) acts as a ligand.
It is often abbreviated "en" in inorganic chemistry.
The complex [Co(en)3]3+ is an archetypical chiral tris-chelate complex.
The salen ligands, some of which are used in catalysis, are derived from the condensation of salicylaldehydes and Ethylenediamine (EDA).

Safety
Ethylenediamine (EDA), like ammonia and other low-molecular weight amines, is a skin and respiratory irritant.
Unless tightly contained, liquid Ethylenediamine (EDA) will release toxic and irritating vapors into its surroundings, especially on heating.
The vapors absorb moisture from humid air to form a characteristic white mist, which is extremely irritating to skin, eyes, lungs and mucus membranes.

Molar mass: 60.100 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Ammoniacal
Density: 0.90 g/cm3

Melting point: 8 °C
Boiling point: 116 °C
Solubility in water: miscible
Vapor pressure: 1.3 kPa (at 20 °C)

XLogP3: -2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 1

Exact Mass: 60.068748264 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 60.068748264 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52Å²
Heavy Atom Count: 4

Complexity: 6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Consumer Uses
Release to the environment of Ethylenediamine (EDA) can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) can be found in products with material based on: wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys).
Widespread uses by professional workers
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, pH regulators and water treatment products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and water treatment chemicals.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment, health services and scientific research and development.

Other release to the environment of Ethylenediamine (EDA) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Formulation
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in the following products: fuels.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Ethylenediamine (EDA) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Uses at industry
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, adhesives and sealants, coating products, heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids and polymers.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Ethylenediamine (EDA) can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in the production of articles and as processing aid.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is an organic compound that is used as a building block for the production of many other chemical products.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is also used as an excipient in many pharmacological preparations such as creams.
Notably, Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a contact sensitizer capable of producing local and generalized reactions. Sensitivity to Ethylenediamine (EDA) may be identified with a clinical patch test.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) appears as a clear colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Flash point of 91 °F and a melting point of 47 °F.
Corrosive to tissue. Vapors are heavier than air.
Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Density 7.5 lb / gal.
Used to make other chemicals and as a fungicide.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used mainly as a building block for crop protection products, in the synthesis of chelating agents and for low-temperature-active bleaching agents.
The many other applications of Ethylenediamine (EDA) include polyamides, lubricants, fuel additives and textiles.

A mechanism is proposed for the anodic polymerization of Ethylenediamine (EDA).
Initially, there occurs the formation of the radical cation , followed by the breaking of the C‐N bond, the expulsion of , and concomitant formation of the primary carbocation or the aziridinium cation.
This cation reacts with an group of an Ethylenediamine (EDA) molecule, yielding a new amine which can be further oxidized.
The product on the anode is a polyethyleneimine‐like polymer.

A similar product was found for diethylenetriamine, whose oxidation was studied too.
Other pure o‐amines can also polymerize if they are primary amines and have vicinal alkyl groups which are secondary, i.e., have the formula.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is the ethyleneamine with the lowest molecular weight.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) contains two primary amine groups and is a colorless liquid.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is commonly used as an intermediate to produce detergents, chelates, textile auxiliaries, agrochemicals and polyamides.
Strong acids & oxidizers, carbon tetrachloride & other chlorinated organic compounds, carbon disulfide [Note: Corrosive to metals.]
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is approved for use within allergenic epicutaneous patch tests which are indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in persons 6 years of age and older.

N-(1-Naphthyl)Ethylenediamine (EDA) dihydrochloride is a simple diamine reported as a coupling agent in spectrophotometric analysis of thiols, aromatic amines, sulfonamides, aminophenols, dinitroanilines, and chloroanilines.
Compounds of interest can be diazotized and then coupled with N-(1-Naphthyl)Ethylenediamine (EDA) in a process called the Bratton-Marshall reaction, generating a diazo derivative of the original species which is then easily analyzed with spectrophotometric methods.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is an organic compound that is used as a building block for the production of many other chemical products.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is also used as an excipient in many pharmacological preparations such as creams.
Notably, Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a contact sensitizer capable of producing local and generalized reactions.
Sensitivity to Ethylenediamine (EDA) may be identified with a clinical patch test.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is the organic compound with the formula C2H4(NH2)2.
This colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor is a strongly basic amine.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a widely used building block in chemical synthesis, with approximately 500,000,000 kg being produced in 1998.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
a colorless volatile liquid base C2H8N2 that has an ammoniacal odor and is used chiefly as a solvent, in organic synthesis, and in medicine to stabilize aminophylline when used in injections
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is an inflammable substance.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) reacts severely to aldehyde and acids.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) absorbs the carbon dioxide in the air.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is hygroscopic and resolves in water, ether, benzene, acetone and hexane.

Interactions of equimolar concentrations of NiIISO4 with Ethylenediamine (EDA) solutions were performed using the method of continuous variations or Job's method.
A series of solutions containing different mole fractions of Ethylenediamine (EDA):Ni2+ (aq) (3:7, 4:6, 5:5, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, and 9:1) were left to evaporate slowly at room temperature and resulted in the formation, for the first-time, of [Ni(OH2)4(en)]SO4, [Ni(OH2)2(en)2]SO4 and [Ni(en)3]SO4.
These complexes were isolated and characterized by their elemental analyses and i.r. spectra.

Magnetite nanoparticles play a key role in the nano-industry, with crucial importance in the developing nanomedicine sector.
Such particles must be homogeneous, with a consistent shape and size, due to the growing need to tailor particles to more defined faceted morphologies.
Here an Ethylenediamine (EDA) series (H2N-(–CH2CH2N–)nH2, n = 2 (DETA), 3 (TETA), 4 (TEPA), and 5 (PEHA)), of additives have been successfully used to control the morphology of nanomagnetite produced via a green ambient co-precipitation method.
Whilst DETA showed less control, TETA, TEPA and PEHA mediated the near universal synthesis of faceted particles (91–97%) suggesting a near pure octahedral population (compared to only 6% of control particles).

Computational molecular dynamic modelling shows the binding to the octahedral face to be preferred for all additives with binding to the face unfavourable for TETA, TEPA and PEHA, showing a preference to bind and direct an octahedral morphology for these 3 additives.
This is further explained by the increased numbers of interactions of the longer additives with the surface through O and Fe in the magnetite surface bonding to H and N in the additive which is better able to lie flat on the surface.

An optimum concentration of a 1 : 125 additive : iron ion ratio was determined which shows that a relatively small quantity of a cheap, organic bioinspired amine-rich additive can have a massive impact on the morphological quality of the magnetite nanoparticles.
This powerful, additive-directed, green synthesis approach could be universally applied to a vast range of nanomaterial syntheses to great impact.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used as a building block for the synthesis of bleach activators, chelates and crop protection products.
Furthermore is is used as an intermediate in applications like corrosion inhibitors, polyamide resins and lubricants/fuel additives.
Chain extender in the production of poyurethane resin for the water PU Dispersion (PUD).

Products derived from are frequently used for bleach activators and chelates in detergents and for fungicides in crop protection area.
Polyamide resins find wide use as binders in printing inks for flexogravure application on certain paper, film, and foil webs and in hot-melt, pressure-sensitive, and heat-seal adhesives for leather, paper, plastic, and metal.

The main polyamide resin type, in addition to the liquid resins used as epoxy hardeners, is prepared generally by the condensation reaction of diamines with di- and polybasic fatty acids.
Thermoplastic polyamides are similarly used in formulating glossy, abrasion-resistant, overprint varnishes.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is available as pure substance.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is an organic compound with the formula C2H4(NH2)2, and is often abbreviated en when used as a ligand.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a common ligand in coordination chemistry and a ubiquitous chemical building block in organic synthesis.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is volatile, but tends to form a mist in air, which is quite toxic.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) appears as a clear colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Flash point of 91°F and a melting point of 47°F. Corrosive to tissue.
Vapors are heavier than air.
Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Density 7.5 lb / gal.
Used to make other chemicals and as a fungicide.

Besides the effects of EDA-2HCl on superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) activities and amount of total sialic acid (TSA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma and tissues, amount of total protein in tissues were determined.
Degeneration of membrane in hepatocytes and in tubule cell in kidney; dysmorphism, loosing of Krista and increasing of count of mitochondria in hepatocytes and hypertrophy in kidney; reduction of intensity of nuclear matrix, loosing of cytoplasm, swelling of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in hepatocyte and tubule cell; dilatation and decreasing of microvillus of bile canaliculi in hepatocytes, untidiness of basal membrane and derangement of basal infoldings in kidney were observed.

Amount of TSA was increased significantly (p<0.05) only in plasma and decreased significantly (p<0.001) only in kidney.
Amount of MDA was increased in plasma, liver and kidney significantly (p<0.001).
SOD activity was decreased significantly (p<0.001) only in liver.
GPX and CAT activities were not changed in liver and kidney.

Amount of total protein was decreased only in kidney significantly (p<0.001).
These findings indicate that EDA-HCl has toxic effect on ultrastructural morphology and also on these biochemical parameters even in this lowest dose untested before.
Therefore we believe that the toxic potential of EDA-HCl should be investigated further by using lower doses in details.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) (H2NCH2CH2NH2) was found to be a highly effective catalyst for the condensation of aryl aldehydes with nitromethane (or nitroethane).
When 1%–2% (mol%) of Ethylenediamine (EDA) was used as the catalyst, the one-pot reaction of aryl aldehydes with nitromethane (or nitroethane) by refluxing for 3–10 h efficiently afforded various arylnitroalkenes 1a–1y in 85%–97% yields.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) appears as a clear colorless liquid with an ammonia-like odor.
Flash point of 91°F and a melting point of 47°F. Corrosive to tissue.
Vapors are heavier than air.

Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
Density 7.5 lb / gal. Used to make other chemicals and as a fungicide.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) has a role as a GABA agonist.
It derives from a hydride of an ethane.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a single-component product with two primary nitrogens.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) has an ammonia-like odor and is clear and colorless.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is an organic compound that is used as a building block for the production of many other chemical products.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is also used as an excipient in many pharmacological preparations such as creams.
Notably, Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a contact sensitizer capable of producing local and generalized reactions.
Sensitivity to Ethylenediamine (EDA) may be identified with a clinical patch test.

Because of Ethylenediamine (EDA) contains two amine groups, is a widely used precursor to various polymers.
Condensates derived from formaldehyde are plasticizers.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is widely used in the production of polyurethane fibers.
The PAMAM class of dendrimers are derived from Ethylenediamine (EDA).

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used as a stabilizerfor rubber latex, as an emulsifier, as aninhibitor in antifreeze solutions, and intextile lubricants.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is also used as a solvent for albumin, shellac, sulfur, and othersubstances.
Intermediate in the manufacture of EDTA; catalytic agent in epoxy resins; dyes, solvent stabilizer; neutralizer in rubber products.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is important in inorganic chemistry because it may function as a bidentantate ligand, coordinating to a metal ion by the lone pairs on the two nitrogen atoms.
In the names of complexes it is given the abbreviation en.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a linear aliphatic diamine, widely used as a building block in organic synthesis.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) readily forms heterocyclic imidazolidine derivatives, because of its bifunctional nature, having two amines.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is also utilized as a raw material for the synthesis of chelating agents, polymers, agrochemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in numerous industrial proces ses as a solvent for casein or albumin, as a stabilizer in rubber latex and as a textile lubricant.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) can be found in epoxy-resin hardeners, cooling oils, fungicides, and waxes.
Contact dermatitis from Ethylenediamine (EDA) is almost exclusively due to topical medicaments.

Occupational contact dermatitis in epoxy-resin systems is rather infrequent.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) can cross react with triethylenetetramine and diethylenetriamine.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) was responsible for sensitization in pharmacists handling aminophylline suppositories, in nurses preparing and administering injectable theophylline, and in a laboratory technician in the manufacture of aminophylline tab lets.

A chemical structure of a molecule includes the arrangement of atoms and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together.
The Ethylenediamine (EDA) molecule contains a total of 11 bond(s) There are 3 non-H bond(s), 1 rotatable bond(s) and 2 primary amine(s) (aliphatic).

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a potent sensitiser used in topical medications, particularly antibiotic/steroid creams for its chemical stabilizing properties.
Although Ethylenediamine (EDA) has now been removed from Mycolog Cream® there are possibly generic preparations or other similar formulations that may still contain the allergen.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is not used in ointment preparations and is rarely found in cosmetics and toiletries.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is also an ingredient of aminophylline, a xanthine bronchodilator used in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory problems.
Other medications where Ethylenediamine (EDA) or it's derivatives are found include some antihistamine and anti-nausea agents.

A colorless liquid with a ammoniacal odor.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is strongly alkaline and will absorb Carbon dioxide from the air forming a nonvolatile carbonate.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in developing baths for color photographs.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is also used as a solvent for Casein, Albumin, Shellac, and Sulfur.
Other applications include use as a textile lubricant and rubber stabilizer.

All reactions were carried out under an inert atmosphere of N2, and all solutions were sparged with N2 for 30 minutes prior to use.
Ultrapure Milli-Q water (Merck Milli-Q integral purification system) was used.
All reagents were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a strongly basic amine with an ammonia-like odour.
The most prominent derivative of Ethylenediamine (EDA) is EDTA, a chelating agent.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in the prodution of the bleaching activator tetraacetylEthylenediamine (EDA) (TEAD), in electroplating baths, in the production of polyurethane fibres, and polyols and rubber chemicals.

With the two nitrogen atoms, which can donate their lone pairs of electrons, Ethylenediamine (EDA) is widely used as a chelating ligand for coordination chemistry to form bonds to a transition-metal ion such as nickel (II).

The bonds form between the metal ion and the nitrogen atoms of Ethylenediamine (EDA).
EDTA is a derivate of Ethylenediamine (EDA) and it is a versatile chelating agent, which could form chelates with both transition-metal ions and main-group ions.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is mainly used to synthesize EDTA

EDTA is frequently used in soaps and detergents to form complexes with calcium and magnesium ions in hard water to improve the cleaning efficiency.
Furthermore, EDTA is used extensively as a stabilizing agent in the food industry to promote color retention, to improve flavor retention, and to inhibit rancidity.

Thick, colorless to light-yellowish liquid with an ammonia-like odor, hygroscopic, lachrymator.
Solvent for casein, albumin, shellac, and sulfur, emulsifier, stabilizing rubber latex, as inhibitor in antifreeze solutions, in textile lubricants, pharmaceutic aid (aminophylline injection stabilizer).
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is manufactured industrially by reacting 1,2-dichloroethane with ammonia under pressure, at 180 °C in an aqueous medium.
This process is complex for the amateur chemist.

Applications of Ethylenediamine (EDA):
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in large quantities for production of many industrial chemicals.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) forms derivatives with carboxylic acids (including fatty acids), nitriles, alcohols (at elevated temperatures), alkylating agents, carbon disulfide, and aldehydes and ketones.
Because of Ethylenediamine (EDA)'s bifunctional nature, having two amines, it readily forms heterocycles such as imidazolidines.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) for synthesis.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is miscible with polar solvents and is used to solubilize proteins such as albumins and casein.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is also used in certain electroplating baths
as a corrosion inhibitor in paints and coolants.
EDDI is added to animal feeds as a source of iodide.
chemicals for color photography developing, binders, adhesives, fabric softeners, curing agents for epoxys, and dyes.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is in the manufacture of organic flocculants, urea resins, and fatty bisamides.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in the production of formulations for use in the printed circuit board and metal finishing industries.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used as intermediate in the production of crop protection agents, hardeners for epoxy resins, leather industry, paint industry, fungicides in crop protection area, and textile industry.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is also used as solvent and for the analytical chemistry.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used to produce photographic fixer additive

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a clear and colorless product at normal temperature and pressure which has a characteristic smell of an amine.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is strongly alkaline and is miscible with water and alcohol.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is air sensitive and hygroscopic and absorbs carbon dioxide from the air.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is incompatible with aldehydes, phosphorus halides, organic halides, oxidising agents, strong acids, copper, its alloys, and its salts.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in large quantities for production of many industrial chemicals.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) forms derivatives with carboxylic acids (including fatty acids), nitriles, alcohols (at elevated temperatures), alkylating agents, carbon disulfide, and aldehydes and ketones.
Because of its bifunctional nature, having two amines, it readily forms heterocycles such as imidazolidines.

Used in the manufacture of chelating agents, fungicides, waxes, polyamide resins, and corrosion inhibitors.
Used as an emulsifier, an inhibitor in antifreeze solutions, and an additive to pharmaceuticals and textile lubricants.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in the textile sector.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used the fields of fiber, polyamide and rubber.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used as a chelator and a corrosion inhibitor.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used as a lubricant in the plastics sector.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is used in foam making operations.

A most prominent derivative of Ethylenediamine (EDA) is the chelating agent EDTA, which is derived from Ethylenediamine (EDA) via a Strecker synthesis involving cyanide and formaldehyde.
HydroxyethylEthylenediamine (EDA) is another commercially significant chelating agent.
Numerous bio-active compounds and drugs contain the N-CH2-CH2-N linkage, including some antihistamines.

Salts of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate are commercially significant fungicides under the brand names Maneb, Mancozeb, Zineb, and Metiram.
Some imidazoline-containing fungicides are derived from Ethylenediamine (EDA).

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is an ingredient in the common bronchodilator drug aminophylline, where it serves to solubilize the active ingredient theophylline.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) has also been used in dermatologic preparations, but has been removed from some because of causing contact dermatitis.

When used as a pharmaceutical excipient, after oral administration its bioavailability is about 0.34, due to a substantial first-pass effect.
Less than 20% is eliminated by renal excretion.

Ethylenediamine (EDA)-derived antihistamines are the oldest of the five classes of first-generation antihistamines, beginning with piperoxan aka benodain, discovered in 1933 at the Pasteur Institute in France, and also including mepyramine, tripelennamine, and antazoline.
The other classes are derivatives of ethanolamine, alkylamine, piperazine, and others (primarily tricyclic and tetracyclic compounds related to phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, as well as the cyproheptadine-phenindamine family)

All reactions were carried out in Schlenk apparatus under a nitrogen atmosphere.
All nonmetallic reagents were obtained commercially, and was prepared by a published procedure.
(en = Ethylenediamine (EDA)) was synthesized by adding 20 mL of Ethylenediamine (EDA) to 1 g (3 mmol) of while stirring, leading to complete dissolution of the compound.

In order to form crystals, water was added at room temperature until a small amount of precipitate had formed.
The solution was then heated with stirring to 90°C until the precipitate was completely redissolved and allowed to cool slowly back to room temperature.
The collected crystals were subsequently subjected to an X-ray diffraction study.

Synthesis of Ethylenediamine (EDA):
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is produced industrially by treating 1,2-dichloroethane with ammonia under pressure at 180 °C in an aqueous medium.
In this reaction hydrogen chloride is generated, which forms a salt with the amine.
The amine is liberated by addition of sodium hydroxide and can then be recovered by rectification.

Diethylenetriamine (DETA) and triethylenetetramine (TETA) are formed as by-products.
Another industrial route to Ethylenediamine (EDA) involves the reaction of ethanolamine and ammonia.
This process involves passing the gaseous reactants over a bed of nickel heterogeneous catalysts.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) can be produced in the lab by the reaction of ethylene glycol and urea.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) can be purified by treatment with sodium hydroxide to remove water followed by distillation.

Ethylenediamine (EDA) is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) freezes at 8 °C and boils at 116 °C, both of which are close to the melting and boiling points of water.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) has an ammonia-like smell, and its vapors are extremely irritating, which can fume in air.
Ethylenediamine (EDA) is miscible with water at all concentrations.